Antoine Vacher (18 November 1873 – 16 September 1920) was a French geographer, mainly interested in physical geography, and particularly in hydrography.
24-1301: Vacher is a surname of French origin. Its literal translation means a keeper of stock or cattle or a herdsman but is generally used by people whose ancestry is traced to the cow-herders. It is also used by a small group of people in India. People with the name include: Antoine Vacher (1873–1920), French geographer Charles Vacher , (1818–1883), watercolour painter Chris Vacher (born 1951), British television news presenter Georges Vacher de Lapouge (1854–1936), French anthropologist and theoretician of eugenics and racialism Joseph Vacher (1869–1898), French serial killer Laurent-Michel Vacher (1944–2005), French Canadian philosopher, writer, and journalist Paul Vacher (before 1936–1975), French perfumer Polly Vacher (born 1944), English aviator Sydney Vacher (fl. 1886–1890), English architect Thomas Brittain Vacher (1805–1880), English lithographer, legal stationer, and printer William Herbert Vacher (1826–1899), British merchant and banker References [ edit ] ^ "Dictionary translation" . [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
48-420: A broad spectrum of human geography topics. Demangeon was interested in the interactions of man and nature, and also in history, although he felt that geography must remain a distinct subject. He wrote in 1906, "To explain the geographical phenomena of which man has been the witness or contriver, it is necessary to study their evolution in the past with the aid of documents." Later he defined three principles for
72-535: A transcontinental excursion. The geographers travelled west via Chicago and Yellowstone to Seattle, south to San Francisco, then returned via Phoenix, Denver, Memphis and Washington, leaving from New York in October 1912. Vacher focused on "Steppes and deserts" in his report of the excursion. He was impressed by the way in which the Mormons had transformed Utah through water control and irrigation schemes. He wrote of
96-464: A well known collection of secondary school textbooks. In the mid-1930 he taught at the École des hautes études commerciales de Paris (HEC). One of his students was the future economist Albert O. Hirschman , who recorded that he gave "brilliant lectures", and used large and colorful maps to illustrate his themes of commerce and trade between geographical regions, and the resulting economic rivalries. Demangeon acted as an arbitrator in social conflicts at
120-475: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Antoine Vacher Antoine Vacher was the brilliant son of a family of tailors from Montluçon , Allier. His paternal grandfather was a farmer in the Allier, while his maternal grandfather was a craftsman. His father experienced serious financial difficulties and had to go into debt to save his small business. Antoine Vacher was an honorary scholar at
144-605: The Great Depression and German ambitions. His Le déclin de l'Europe (1920) was published in the US in 1921 under the title America and the Race for World Domination . It argued that Europe was deeply in debt and exhausted by the war, with reduced agricultural and industrial output, and low birth rates. The US and Japan had expanded their industries, replaced Europe's exports with their own, and were owed huge sums in exchange for
168-610: The Géographie Universelle published under the direction of Paul Vidal de La Blache and Lucien Gallois . At the Sorbonne he turned from physical to human geography. He avoided theoretical work, and did not write a book about the general subject of human geography, although his writings on the subject were published after his death in Problems of Human Geography (1942). This collection of his main articles covered
192-409: The surname Vacher . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vacher&oldid=1103323251 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
216-633: The Lycée de Lyon (1880), and a scholar at the Lycée Henri-IV in Paris (1891). He studied at the École Normale Supérieure (ENS). While at the ENS he had to work in various casual jobs during the summer holidays to help repay the family loans. He was a student of Paul Vidal de La Blache , but in his doctorate wrote almost exclusively about physical geography, and ignored human geography. Vacher's fieldwork
240-515: The Sorbonne after the war. He was Professor of economic geography at the Faculty of Letters from 1925 to 1940. He served on the editorial board of the Revue d'Histoire Moderne , which was relaunched in 1926. By 1927 he was one of the directors of Armand Colin 's Annales de Géographie . Demangeon was noted as a university teacher, and also contributed to primary education. He was responsible for
264-619: The University of Lyon. De Martonne had founded the institute of geography on the German model. Vacher collaborated with Albert Demangeon , Joseph Blayac and others on the Dictionnaire-manuel illustré de géographie (Paris, Armand Colin, 1907). Vacher was an undisciplined scholar who missed deadlines and whose work often contains errors. The book received hostile reviews, and Demangeon seems to have accused Vacher of sabotaging
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#1732764897223288-523: The age of 46. After his death the teaching of geography at the university was disorganized for two years until the arrival of Maximilien Sorre in 1922. Publications included: Vacher made several contributions to the Annales de Géographie : Albert Demangeon Albert Demangeon (13 June 1872 – 25 July 1940) was a Professor of social geography at the Sorbonne in Paris for many years. He
312-609: The area around Phoenix, Arizona, that the "predominance of evaporation over precipitation, all serve to constrain the area assigned by nature to human activity, but none is capable of destroying human effort, especially when this is courageous and methodical. The example of Phoenix is the proof; it is also proof of the good work that the Reclamation Service has undertaken in the arid West." Vacher suffered from poor health, and in July 1914 underwent surgery in which chloroform
336-485: The armistice of November 1918 Vacher provided help with maps for the peace negotiations, some of which were added to the collection of the Lille geography department. He was given a personal professorship at Lille on 24 April 1919 but on 16 November 1919 was given leave due to health problems. He was given a full professorship on 1 January 1920. His health continued to deteriorate and Vacher died on 16 September 1920 in Paris at
360-435: The project. From 1911 he taught in Paris at the Sorbonne . During World War I (1914–18) Demangeon served in the geographical corps of the army and drafted memos for the army staff. Towards the end of the war he was a member of the committee studying preparation for peace. The "section géographique française" helped define the policies that France would follow after the war on territorial arrangements. Demangeon returned to
384-653: The project. He later became a Docteur ès lettres in 1908. After Demangeon left (in 1911) he was the sole teacher, although not yet a professor. Vacher was replaced by Henri Baulig when he left Rennes in 1912. He then taught at the University of Lille until the outbreak of World War I (1914–18). In 1912 Vacher was among 43 European geographers, guests of the American Geographical Society , who arrived in New York around 12 August 1912 for
408-541: The rural life and economy, road, railway and canal routes and their traffic, coastal and inland towns, industry and Paris. There are in-depth surveys of agriculture, towns and industry for each region. Throughout the work there is a historical flavour with references to evolution of land use, development of routes, evolution of industry, changes to urban area. Demangeon used a precise vocabulary and linked observed facts in order to formulate new questions. He made use of questionnaires to investigate patterns as early as 1909. In
432-541: The study of human geography: Demangeon's 1905 study of Picardy had a strong historical element, reflecting Vidal de la Blache's emphasis on the role of man in changing the face of the earth. Also in 1905 he produced a valuable guide to the National Archives for the use of geographers. He cooperated with historians, and coauthored The Rhine, Problems of History and Economy (1935) with Lucien Febvre . He studied current issues such as colonialism, globalization,
456-452: The supplies they had shipped to Europe during the war. Demangeon wrote several studies of cities, but was more interested in the country, and also in economics. Throughout his career Demangeon was interested in spatial variations of farmsteads. He presented a famous study of rural houses to the 1st International Congress of Folklore in 1937. His two-volume work France Économique et Humaine , published posthumously in 1944 and 1948, surveyed
480-651: The teachings of Paul Vidal de La Blache . He graduated in geography in 1895 and became a teacher in a secondary school. He later was employed in the École Normale Supérieure preparing students for the Agrégation . Demangeon presented his thesis on Picardy in 1905, considered a model of a regional monograph. He obtained a teaching post at the University of Lille . He collaborated with Antoine Vacher , Joseph Blayac and others on their Dictionnaire-manuel illustré de géographie (1907). The book received hostile reviews, and Demangeon seems to have accused Vacher of sabotaging
504-468: The time of the Popular Front (1936–38). Demangeon's daughter Suzanne married the geographer Aimé Vincent Perpillou (1902–76), who also became a distinguished economic geographer. Albert Demangeon died on 25 July 1940 in Paris, France. Demangeon was a prolific author. His pre-war work focused on physical regional geography, but later he also wrote on larger topics including several volumes of
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#1732764897223528-510: Was an educator, a prolific author, and in the 1930s was the leading French academic in the field of human geography. He was a pioneer in the use of surveys to collect information on social questions. Albert Demangeon was born on 13 June 1872 in Cormeilles, Eure , France. His parents were not well off but Albert was an outstanding student and won admission to the École Normale Supérieure in 1892. There he became interested in geography and in
552-498: Was mostly concerned with valley forms and measurements of river flows, but he also read widely on oceanography, and wrote on that subject in the Annales de Géographie . In his time at Lycée Henri-IV, Vacher studied under Henri Bergson , his lecture notes on the 1892-3 course on psychology have been published by PUF. In October 1905 he became a lecturer at the University of Rennes, replacing Emmanuel de Martonne , who had moved to
576-648: Was used as an anaesthetic. During World War I (1914–18), in January 1915 the Geographical Commission was established in close liaison with the 2nd Bureau of the Army Staff with six geographers, Albert Demangeon, Lucien Gallois , Emmanuel de Martonne, Emmanuel de Margerie , Louis Raveneau and Paul Vidal de la Blache. It seems that Vacher contributed intermittently to the work of the commission, since his name appears on some of its documents. After
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