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59-638: Of the research teams at the two universities in charge of the study, the receipt and administration of the Sinopharm study vaccines, as well as the irregular order of 3,200 additional doses outside the clinical study, was given at the request of the medical researchers Germán Málaga and Hugo García Lescano, leader and coordinator of the research team of the Cayetano Heredia University who would have facilitated access to vaccines for senior officials, family members, and various people outside

118-537: A Master of Health Administration . In 2016, due to the new university licensing process by the National Superintendence of Higher University Education ( SUNEDU ), after complying with the basic conditions of educational quality, the UPCH was licensed, being the fifth private university to do and the second university to be licensed for a period of 10 years (something that only some universities such as

177-480: A coup , led by Ricardo Perez Godoy in 1962. He went into exile for one last time to Paris, where he died in 1967. Born into a prominent political family, he was the youngest son of General Mariano Ignacio Prado and his wife, María Magdalena Ugarteche Gutiérrez de Cossío. His father was various times head of government of Peru and was President of the Republic when the war with Chile broke out in 1879. He left

236-458: A campaign of ethnic cleansing. The elections were held on 17 June 1956. The official results were as follows: Manuel Prado Ugarteche, 568,134 votes (45.5%); Fernando Belaunde Terry , 457,638 votes (36.7%) and Hernando de Lavalle, 222,323 votes (17.8%). During Prado's second presidency (1956–1962), the only significant proscribed party was the APRA ( American Popular Revolutionary Alliance ), which

295-509: A deputy minister, irregularly and without written consent. On February 19, after an inspection in which various irregularities that violated the study protocol, good practices and ethical standards were corroborated, the National Institute of Health of Peru determined the departure of the principal investigator responsible, Germán Málaga, and suspended to the university as a center for conducting new clinical trials. The rectors of

354-596: A military coup overtrew Leguía in 1930. In 1932, he was elected a member of the board of directors of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru and, shortly afterwards, general manager of the Bank. In 1934, he was appointed chairman (Governor) of the Bank, a post he occupied until 1939 with the general manager office. For the 1939 general election, President Oscar R. Benavides chose Prado as his presidential candidate. Against this official candidacy, José Quesada Larrea,

413-532: A new Constitution . Early that year, Leguía had overthrew the Civilist President Pardo y Barreda and called an assembly to rewrite a Constitution convenient to him. Prado among other Civilists decisively opposed the new regime and despite being elected a senator later was deported by Leguía in 1921. He and his brothers settled down in Paris and London, respectively. Prado returned to Peru after

472-531: A residence on the elegant Avenida Foch. In Lima, he was the owner of the Edificio Rímac from 1939 to 1945. Faced with the systematic extermination of millions of Jews in Europe, Manuel Prado Ugarteche, through his Chancellor Dr. Alfredo Solf de Muro, implemented a strict policy of denying visas to Jews who asked for entry to Peru, even though they desperately sought to escape certain death. Very notorious

531-563: A result of the scandal. Finally, the National Institute of Health of Peru indicated the departure of the principal investigator responsible, and suspended the Cayetano Heredia University as the center for conducting new clinical trials. Presidential candidate and economist Hernando de Soto Polar was also irregularly vaccinated. He initially denied an allegation of him being involved in the scandal, but it

590-513: A young lawyer, a native of Trujillo, Peru , who for his campaign acquired the newspaper La Prensa, from where he fought for electoral freedom, for the obvious purpose of the government to manipulate the results. The APRA party, which was the most important party in the country, was outlawed. Another important political force, the Sanchecerrista Revolutionary Union, was also annulled when its leader, Luis A. Flores,

649-583: Is a private nonprofit university located in Lima , Peru. It was named in honor of Cayetano Heredia , one of the eminent Peruvian physicians of the 19th century. The university is overseen by a board of trustees (patronato) and is not owned by any private or state entity. It is considered one of the top medical schools in Peru, along the Faculty of Medicine "San Fernando" of National University of San Marcos , and

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708-512: Is currently one of the major producers and publishers of scientific research in the country. The university was founded in 1961 by a group of professors and students from the medical school of the four-century-old National University of San Marcos in Lima. This group of students and professors expressed their strong disagreement with legislation, inspired by the APRA , a political party interested in

767-582: Is internationally recognized for the Gorgas Course in Clinical Tropical Medicine, given jointly with UAB. The Instituto de Investigaciones de la Altura (High Altitude Research Institute) is known for its contribution to the understanding of high altitude physiology and the pathophysiology of acute and chronic high altitude sickness. The logo of Cayetano Heredia is a yellow shield with the words "Spiritus ubi vult spirat" from

826-748: Is that of Peruvian diplomat José María Barreto, who worked for the Peruvian embassy in Switzerland during the Holocaust. Mr. Barreto was moved by Nazi brutality against the Jews, and decided in contempt to issue Peruvian passports to save 58 Jews (including 14 children). The Peruvian chancellery nulled her passports upon learning, closed the embassy in Geneva, and fired José María Barreto, ruining his political career. During Prado's second presidency (1956–1962),

885-546: Is the case of "the negative response of the Prado government to the request of the "World Jewish Congress" so that Peru, like many countries in the world, would agree to admit Jewish children orphaned by war that were to be maintained and educated on 20 Jews residing in Peru. The Peruvian government, through Chancellor Dr. Solf and Muro, rejected in 1944 the request to admit 200 Jewish children aged 4 to 10 who later were murdered at Auschwitz. Another case that exemplifies his position

944-591: The Catholic , San Agustin , Engineering and San Marcos achieved). Cayetano Heredia University has established numerous agreements and collaborative arrangements with leading institutions from all over the world, including the Johns Hopkins University , University of Washington , University of California San Diego , University of California Berkeley , University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ,

1003-708: The Ecuadorian-Peruvian War , and also became the first country in South America to break relations with the Axis, as Peru declared war on the Axis. After the end of his administration in 1945, he went to Paris, and eventually came back. He defeated Belaunde in the elections in 1956, as his second administration came to power. He sided with the United States in the Cold War , but was deposed in

1062-812: The First World War , in which Peru remained neutral. Benavides became the president of the Junta. Later imprisoned, he was deported to Chile and went into exile in France. He returned in 1932, and upon his return he was chairman of the board of the Peruvian Vapores Company and general manager and president of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, which he served from 1934 to 1939. He ran and won the 1939 elections. Under his first administration, Peru came out victorious against Ecuador in

1121-703: The Gospel of John on the sides. In the center is the Rod of Asclepius , which is representative of medicine and healing. Together with the National University of San Marcos and the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru , the Cayetano Heredia University is one of the only three Peruvian universities that has managed to rank first nationally in certain editions of different major international university rankings. In 2022, when

1180-704: The Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine in Belgium, and the University of Pennsylvania . The Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt (Tropical Medicine Institute) is among the top research institutions in tropical medicine in Latin America, with ongoing investigations in tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, and HIV, both at its site in Lima and at several field sites such as Iquitos, Cuzco, and La Merced. The institute

1239-667: The civil-military coup d'etat which overthrew President Guillermo Billinghurst in February 1914. The coup was organized by members of both the Civil Party and the Congress who wanted to anticipate the dissolution of the latter by Billinghurst. The Prado brothers took an active role in the capture of the Government Palace and once Billinghurst was arrested urgued him to resing. The deposed Billinghurst later said that

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1298-529: The 1945 general election, Prado sponsored the candidacy of General Eloy Ureta,the victor in the war against Ecuador in 1941. But the most popular candidacy was that of the jurist José Luis Bustamante y Rivero,representing a front or alliance of parties including the APRA: the National Democratic Front,which proved triumphant. After his tenure, Prado traveled and settled in Paris where he owned

1357-737: The Minister of Health Pilar Mazzetti , the 2 Vice-Ministers of Health, and senior officials of the Foreign Ministry in the midst of negotiations with the Sinopharm laboratory for the acquisition of vaccines. Among the vaccinated officials, there are 8 members of the negotiating committee, who received the vaccine before and after the purchase process. Supporting Parties Supporting Parties Before 2021: After 2021: After 2021: Cayetano Heredia University Cayetano Heredia University (Spanish: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia , UPCH ; or simply Cayetano Heredia )

1416-610: The National School of Engineers (now the National University of Engineering ), graduating as a Civil Engineer in 1911. Elected by both the student bodies of the National School of Engineers and University of San Marcos, he was a student delegate to the 1st Congress of American Students in Montevideo in 1908. As a undergraduate student, he received military education in the Military School of Chorrillos attaining

1475-492: The Peruvian currency was devalued. Pedro G. Beltrán,the director of the newspaper La Prensa,then went on to support the government (1959) was appointed as Minister of Finance and President of the Council of Ministers. The mission was to put finance in order, balance the budget and stabilize the currency, which was achieved, not without first adopting anti-popular measures such as rising gasoline,cutting food subsidies and increasing

1534-479: The Political Constitution at the time, necessitating that Congress choose among those who had obtained the most votes, which were the three mentioned above. The situation required a pact between at least two of these three main opponents. Unusually for some, the pact was made between the two staunch enemies, Hague and Odría, remembering that the latter would assume the presidency of the republic. But

1593-678: The Prado brothers stated that they were obliged " to vindicate the name of his father ". Manuel Prado was then promoted to lieutenant by the Congress. In 1915, he was elected member of the Council of the City of Lima . In the Council, he was an inspector of Works and as such designed some of the plans of the urban reordering of the city. In 1919, Prado was elected a member of the National Assembly called by Augusto Leguía to promulgate

1652-565: The United States and democracies faced by axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan),during World War II. Peru was the first country in Latin America to break relations with the Axis powers , and during an extraordinary meeting of chancellors held in Rio de Janeiro in early 1942, it was the Peruvian attitude that inclined representatives of other American countries to support the United States. This pro-Americanism brought with it some excesses, such as allowing

1711-522: The United States to set up an air base in Talara (northern Peru), and the mass deportation of German and Japanese residents into confinement camps. In the domestic order, despite being considered a democratic government, Prado kept the Aprista Party outlawed; only in the last year of his government, on the occasion of the general election, he legalized the participation of APRA, which on that occasion

1770-476: The absolute control of the university system in the country. The legislation advocated the "co-government" of all the state universities by the so-called "student one-third", which would politicize the academic enterprise. The dissenting group was led by Drs. Honorio Delgado and Alberto Hurtado , dean of the medical school at San Marcos . As their campaign to preserve academics failed, the 400 plus faculty members had no other option but to resign en masse, and found

1829-485: The consequences of the Second World War , which had a strong impact on trade. Imports fell sharply but export products such as sugar, cotton, metals and rubber increased. The shortage of import products for domestic consumption brought about new industries that successfully replaced foreign products. The war made numerous "new rich" appear. In the international order, Prado had two notable successes: The first

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1888-411: The conservative sector of Limegna society. In 1961 he was the first foreign head of state to visit Japan after World War II The main facts of this government include: At the end of his government Prado called for elections, with the main candidates being the following: The elections were held on 10 June 1962. At the end of the count no candidate had obtained the one-third of the votes as required by

1947-463: The country in the midst of the war and was later deposed by a coup d'état. Prado had several siblings who distinguished themselves in politics, finances and diplomacy. His paternal half-brother Leoncio was a war hero who died executed by the Chileans in 1883. His eldest brother Mariano Ignacio was a prominent banker who founded the so-called Prado Empire , the main economic group in Peru during

2006-441: The first half of 20th Century. Other brothers included Javier , once Prime Minister and intellectual figure, and Jorge , also a Prime Minister. Manuel studied at Lycée Saint-Louis-de-Gonzague , in Paris, and Inmaculada School in Lima. He then attended the faculties of Sciences and Political Sciences of the University of San Marcos , where he received a bachelor's degree in 1907 and a doctor's degree in 1910. He also studied at

2065-527: The government was accused of having committed fraud in some departments, so the Joint Command of the Armed Forces presided over by General Ricardo Pérez Godoy demanded that the government annul the elections. The Peruvian Armed Forces had been opposed to the Prado administration as it made reformist measures focused on civilian life, which resulted with the military receiving less support from

2124-647: The institution changes its name to the one it currently has: Cayetano Heredia University .  The first classes began in April 1962, in the old headquarters of the Colegio Sagrados Corazones Belén del Jirón de la Unión , and after the opening of the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital in 1967, they moved to the new headquarters of San Martín de Porres in 1968. Some have suggested that these events were

2183-490: The new medical school as a private non-profit academic institution. On September 22, the decree authorizing the new university school with the name of Private Peruvian University of Medical and Biological Sciences was promulgated. The official inauguration of the new university took place on June 18, 1962, with the assistance of the President of the Republic, Manuel Prado Ugarteche . It would be on February 24, 1965, when

2242-445: The only significant proscribed party was the APRA ( American Popular Revolutionary Alliance ), which was thrown out of power and outlawed in 1948 by President Manuel Odría . Prado announced that he would submit to the newly elected Congress a bill to legalize APRA once again. The bill was later passed and the APRA's famed founder, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre , returned from foreign exile. In foreign policy, Prado – whose greatest pride

2301-580: The pharmaceutical company Sinopharm unofficially granted to the Cayetano Heredia University destined for Phase 3 clinical trials. Leftover doses were given to senior officials of the Peruvian State (including the President of the Republic of Peru at that time: Martín Vizcarra and his minister of health Pilar Mazzetti ), workers of the research project on the use of the vaccine in the Peruvian population and high University authorities, including

2360-402: The presidency on 8 December 1939. Politician until then almost unknown, he predicted that he would not last long in office, but deployed a combination of tactical cunning, strategic flexibility and personal charm that made him one of Peru's most effective politicians of the 20th century. His government largely continued the work done by General Benavides and was of relative democracy. It suffered

2419-576: The ranks of sergeant and cavalry ensign. He later joined the army whith this commission and was stationed in Lambayeque when a war with Ecuador was inminent in 1911. Incorporated into San Marcos in 1912, he was assistant professor and then full professor of the infinitesimal Analysis course in the Faculty of Sciences. Joined to the Civil Party , he and his brothers Javier and Jorge supported

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2478-541: The rector of the university Luis Varela Pinedo, his vice-rector José Ronald Espinoza Babilón and the researcher and ex-minister Patricia J. García , who among other authorities of the educational center, had to resign on February 18 as a result of the scandal. On February 16, the situation was aggravated when it was discovered that Germán Málaga Rodríguez, project leader at the Cayetano Heredia headquarters, administered three doses to 40 people, including himself and

2537-594: The results of the Biennial Report on Reality in Universities by SUNEDU came out, in the results of the historical ranking (1980-2021) and academic excellence (2019-2022), Cayetano Heredia University was ranked first in the country. Manuel Prado Ugarteche Manuel Carlos Prado y Ugarteche (21 April 1889 – 15 August 1967) was a Peruvian politician and banker who served twice as President of Peru . Son of former president Mariano Ignacio Prado , he

2596-454: The subject of "prior arrangements/agreements" which, in the political context of the time, would have been practically impossible. 47 years later, Cayetano Heredia and San Marcos are the most prestigious medical schools in Peru. The Vaccine-gate case (Vacuna gate in Spanish) is a case of corruption that occurred in the second half of 2020 and early 2021 with respect to 1,000 vaccines from

2655-437: The tax burden. It was a liberal policy. In those years the migrations of the mountains developed a lot and the slums around Lima increased, to the point of talking about the "belt of misery" that was beginning to surround the capital. Overall, Prado did not do much to improve the situation and condition of the national majority that continued to live in terrible conditions. As the end of government approached, popular discontent

2714-631: The traditional elites and the Catholic Church. On 18 July 1962, the guard of the Government Palace was absent and at 3:20 am, an armored division commanded by Colonel Gonzalo Briceño Zevallos stormed the palace and arrested the president and his companions, who foresaw a possible coup d'état. On the same day Prado was transported to Callao 's naval arsenal and embarked on the Callao BAP (anchored on San Lorenzo Island) where he

2773-460: The turmoil that arose in the countryside in favor of the realization of land reform and a vigorous campaign of national scope for the recovery of the oil fields of La Brea and Pariñas that illegally continued to operate the American company International Petroleum Company . The leadership of the opposition was assumed by the architect Belaunde, who organized a new mass party: People's Action,which

2832-650: The university, since its foundation, are: Soon after its founding and during the following forty-plus years Cayetano Heredia University became a significant center of higher learning and scientific research in Peru. UPCH is credited with world-quality research in the area of health sciences in Peru. It is a rather small school (under 2,000 students) that focuses on the disciplines of medicine, dentistry, natural sciences, public health, veterinary medicine, nursing, psychology, biotechnology and education. It grants baccalaureate degrees as well as master's and doctoral degrees in biochemistry, biotechnology, medicine, biology, and

2891-415: The volunteers at their headquarters of the clinical study and the direct personnel involved in it. The actions were aggravated when it was discovered that Germán Málaga administered three doses to 40 people at his headquarters, including himself and a deputy minister, irregularly and without written consent. Various university authorities vaccinated irregularly, including the rector and vice-rector, resigned as

2950-480: Was banished. At the electoral juncture, both Prado and Quesada requested the support of the apristas(Members and supporters of the APRA) but they decided not to take sides. Prado ran as a candidate for a concentration of small parties. Before the election, the government shut down La Prensa. When the counts were made, Prado appeared as the victor, with enormous advantage. There was talk of mass fraud Manuel Prado assumed

3009-427: Was born in Lima and served as the nation's 43rd (1939–1945) and 46th (1956–1962) president. His brother, Leoncio Prado Gutiérrez , was a military hero who died in 1883, six years before Manuel Prado was born. Prado was born in April 1889 as the son of Mariano Ignacio Prado. He went to college and became a banker. In 1914, Prado, along with General Benavides , overthrew Guillermo Billinghurst and his government during

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3068-466: Was detained until the end of his term on 28 July. On 1 August he voluntarily left the country and settled in Paris. A military governing board was formed that overturned the elections and convened new ones. It has been said that the real motive of this institutional coup of the Armed Forces was the anti-aprism still deeply rooted among the military, who did not want the APRA to rule, even in co-government. Prado left Peru and settled again in Paris. He made

3127-543: Was exposed that he had flown illegally twice to the United States. De Soto was also detained for violating curfew and campaigning rules, and for being involved in Vacunagate on April 6, but was released the next day. The inoculation of vaccines would have criminal consequences, as high-ranking officials of the Government of Francisco Sagasti were vaccinated, such as the Minister of Foreign Affairs Elizabeth Astete ,

3186-682: Was part of the National Democratic Front under the name "People's Party". In contrast, many communists supported Prado, following the international context, as the Soviet Union belonged to the Allied bloc. In addition to the victorious war against Ecuador , with the subsequent signing of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol , as well as support for Western democracies in World War II , the following works were carried out in Prado's first government: Called

3245-489: Was preparing for the next general election, where he would have prominence. The newspapers El Comercio y La Prensa also made opposition, which could not counter La Crónica,a newspaper owned by the Prado family, because it was more oriented to sports and police issues. In the economic order, the biggest problem was budgetary in nature, which had as its origin the recession produced in the United States in 1957. Export products were significantly depreciated and dollars were scarce, so

3304-608: Was that as President in 1942 he made Peru the first of the South American nations to break off relations with the Axis Powers – was expected to side firmly with the U.S. There is documentary evidence that shows that Prado's enthusiastic support of the deportation of Peruvians of Japanese descent to the United States during World War II was motivated by a desire to rid Peru of all of its Japanese-descended residents—a charge which some historians have argued amounted to

3363-450: Was the victorious war against Ecuador and the subscription of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol guaranteed by the United States, Brazil, Chile and Argentina,which sought to settle the old boundary lawsuit that for more than a century had kept the attention of the Peruvian chancellery. The problem would be revived again some time later, following Ecuador's disrecognise of the Protocol. The second was the policy of continental solidarity and support for

3422-455: Was thrown out of power and outlawed in 1948 by President Manuel Odría . Prado announced that he would submit to the newly elected Congress a bill to legalize APRA once again. The bill was later passed and the APRA's famed founder, Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre , returned from foreign exile. This government developed in a climate of turmoil motivated by the economic crisis that presented itself with increasingly alarming characteristics; because of

3481-424: Was undeniable. The strikes were slashed and boisterous and even violent protests were made in the streets. In addition to economic policy, the president's own personality, pompous and frivolous in difficult times, was criticized. On a personal level, Prado managed in 1958 for the Catholic Church to annul his marriage to Enriqueta Garland to marry the Limeña lady Clorinda Málaga , which caused little scandal among

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