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24-466: Despite its small population, Vadstena is, for historical reasons, still referred to as a city : though it received its city privileges in 1400), Statistics Sweden only counts as cities Swedish urban localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants. Above all, the city of Vadstena is noted for two important facts of Swedish history. It was in Vadstena, year 1350, that Saint Bridget of Sweden founded

48-454: Is the main city of Öland, but remains one of the smallest cities in Sweden. The city is situated some 20 kilometres (12 miles) north of the Öland Bridge , which connects the island with the city of Kalmar on the mainland . The name Borgholm is documented to be found from the 1280s. The foreland Borg- is considered to refer to the old ancient castle which is believed to have been located on

72-400: Is the seat of Gotland Municipality , but is no political entity of its own. Some former towns have also grown together, forming one urban area. A few municipalities which used to be towns still style themselves as stad , e.g. Stockholm , Gothenburg and Malmö . There are also municipalities with considerable rural areas that market themselves with the term. Statistics Sweden defines

96-528: The Kalmar Strait -side of Öland , north of Färjestaden . Borgholm is one of Sweden's historical towns with a former city status ( stad ). The city is best known for its once-magnificent fortress – Borgholm Castle – which is now in ruins. Borgholm is, despite its small population, for historical reasons normally still referred to as a city . Statistics Sweden , however, only counts localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants as cities. Borgholm

120-480: The Late Middle Ages , c.  1450 , Sweden (excluding Finland ) had 41 chartered towns. By 1680 there were 83. The only town founded and chartered during the 18th century was Östersund (1786). In 1863 the first local government acts were implemented in Sweden. Of the around 2,500 municipalities that were created, 88 were chartered towns. The main difference between these and other municipalities

144-493: The 16th century, Vadstena has been the location of a hospital. Earlier in history, it mainly housed mental patients. Today, some of the oldest buildings present the Vadstena Hospital Museum. The buildings in the city centre date mainly from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The old town is well preserved and the streets have not changed much over the centuries. The Town Hall is Sweden's oldest, dating back to

168-448: The administration uniform all over Sweden. The amalgamations of municipalities reduced the number of local government units from a maximum of 2,532 in 1930 to less than 300 today. Consequently, by 1970 most municipalities contained both rural and urban areas. Since the urban and rural municipalities also with time got the same duties towards citizens, it became unnecessary to differentiate between towns and other municipalities, as all had

192-503: The city area there were then only three farms and four cottages. In 1816, the city of Borgholm was formed, the only city on Öland and a small town seen from a national perspective with only 109 inhabitants in 1821. A new port was built in 1855–1857, and in 1864 Borgholm became a health resort, which meant a certain boost for the city. The air on Öland and especially in Borgholm was considered beneficial, and well-to-do guests flocked in from

216-567: The discretion of the Riksdag or the monarch , but they could include a permanent town council hall and a prison. In the majority of cases, before a town received its charter, it would have previously been given the status of köping or "merchant town". Exceptions to this would be when a town was founded under Royal supervision, in which case it would often bear the name of the monarch, such as Kristianstad or Karlskrona (named after kings Christian IV of Denmark and Karl XI of Sweden ). In

240-529: The early 15th century. Notable is the main street ( Storgatan ) where all the shops are gathered, as they would have been during the Middle Ages. The botanist Erik Acharius died in Vadstena (1819). Vadstena also preserves elements of more recent history in the museum of the Vadstena- Fågelsta narrow gauge railway (Wadstena Fogelsta Järnväg). This 891 mm (or Swedish three foot ) railway

264-420: The first monastery of her Bridgettine Order , and Vadstena Castle is one of Sweden's best-preserved castles from the era of Gustav Vasa in the 16th century, when Sweden became Protestant. Today the surviving buildings of the monastery are occupied by a hotel, (Vadstena Klosterhotel), and the castle houses the provincial archives and a museum of 16th and 17th century furniture, portraits and paintings. Since

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288-402: The mainland, the port has previously been called Borghamn. In 1620, Borgehamn gained rights as a Lidköping under the city of Kalmar . During the fortress construction period under Karl X Gustav's government, Borgholm experienced a certain flourishing, but at the time of the issuance of the city privileges for Borgholm, Borgehamn's köping had only about 30 inhabitants, within what became

312-489: The municipality, perhaps on the entire island of Öland. Slightly further south is Halltorps Estate , a historic royal estate linked to Borgholm Castle. Borg parish was most recently dissolved at the beginning of Gustav Vasa's government and merged with Räpplinge. The church was blown up in connection with the Kalmar War . Borgholm, however, continued to function as a fishing village and port for crossings between Öland and

336-452: The rest of Sweden, often by boat. There was a connection between Stockholm , via Borgholm to Hamburg . During this time many beautiful villas and even hotels were built. In 1851 there were 545 inhabitants and in 1901 926 inhabitants. In 1906 the Borgholm – Böda Railway was opened and in 1910 also the Södra Ölands Järnväg towards Mörbylånga and Ottenby . The railway was closed in 1961. At

360-818: The same powers. Since 1 January 1971, all municipalities are designated as kommun , regardless of their former status. Most of the urban areas of Sweden which once were chartered towns are today still usually referred to as stad . The majority of them are also house the seat of their respective municipalities though the term is no longer an administrative term. In some municipalities there can be more than one former town, e.g. Eskilstuna and Torshälla in Eskilstuna Municipality , Kungälv and Marstrand in Kungälv Municipality , or Jönköping , Huskvarna and Gränna , which all three now are part of Jönköping Municipality . The town of Visby

384-579: The site of the castle ruins, but according to another interpretation refers to the eye-catching topography of the site. The significance would then be that berg- is the correct interpretation, and support for this can be found in Gotlandic , where borg can mean beach hill or high sand dune , and that berg-meaning has been well spread throughout the East Nordic area. During the Viking Age , there

408-476: The term stad as a locality with more than 10,000 inhabitants of which there are currently 127. Largest urban areas in 1850: Largest urban areas in 1900: Borgholm Borgholm ( Swedish: [ˈbɔ̂rjhɔlm] ) is a city and the seat of Borgholm Municipality , Kalmar County , Sweden with 4,401 inhabitants in 2020. It is located on the island of Öland in the Baltic Sea , at

432-498: The title of stad . Of the new towns chartered between 1901 and 1951 (44, making the total number of towns 133), not a single one was given its own jurisdiction, but remained under what was called landsrätt ("rural jurisdiction"). In the middle of the 20th century many administrative reforms were carried out that continued to diminish the difference between rural and urban areas. Police forces and district courts , as well as taxation, were centralized under state agencies, making

456-506: The turn of the century in 1900, tourism also began to gain momentum, especially after the royal family's residence Solliden was completed. Since the Öland Bridge was inaugurated in 1972, the town has increasingly become a commuter town towards Kalmar. The city serves as the centre of northern Öland and is one of the most popular summer resorts in Sweden. Borgholm Castle has its modern counterpart outside Borgholm. The Swedish Royal Family has its official summer residence at Solliden Palace

480-521: Was a marketplace in Köpingsvik dating from the 8th century. The oldest evidence refers to the medieval castle, which was on the site. The oldest evidence is a letter issued by Magnus Birgersson at the castle. Borgholm's castle was located in Borg parish, whose parish church was located next to the castle, and the oldest preserved parts date from the beginning of the 12th century. Borgholm's then castle

504-421: Was destroyed in connection with Sören Norby's siege of the castle in 1520 after which Borgholm was transformed into a royal court. The city received its charter in 1816 and emerged as a spa -town in the shadow of the ruins of the once mighty Borgholm Castle , which burned down in 1806. So important and magnificent was this castle, that it has become the city arms, and the ruins are the best known attraction in

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528-501: Was formerly granted by a royal charter , comparable to the United Kingdom 's status of borough or burgh before the 1970s or city status today. Unless given such town privileges , a municipality could not call itself stad . To receive the privileges, there were several requirements a municipality needed to fulfill, like being of a certain size, and to have certain facilities. The criteria varied over time as they were at

552-467: Was once part of a large network of narrow-gauge railways in Östergötland constructed in the latter part of the 19th century. Stad (Sweden) Stad (Swedish: ' town; city ' ; plural städer ) is a Swedish term that historically was used for urban centers of various sizes. Since 1971, stad has no administrative or legal significance in Sweden. The status of towns in Sweden

576-418: Was that a stad had its own jurisdiction , i.e. independent town courts. There were also laws on urban planning and building ( Byggnadstadgan 1874 ), fire prevention ( Brandstadgan 1874 ), public order ( Ordningsstadgan 1868 ) and public health ( Hälsovårdsstadgan 1874 ) which were compulsory applicable to towns. Prior to 1900, the two minor towns of Borgholm and Haparanda lost their courts, but retained

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