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36-533: The abbey started on one of the farms donated to it by the king, but the town of Vadstena grew up around it. It was the motherhouse of the Bridgettine Order from 1346 to 1595. The abbey was founded in 1346 by Saint Bridget with the assistance of King Magnus IV of Sweden and his Queen Blanche , who made a will donating ten farms, including that of Vadstena in Dal Hundred , Östergötland , to

72-497: A city : though it received its city privileges in 1400), Statistics Sweden only counts as cities Swedish urban localities with more than 10,000 inhabitants. Above all, the city of Vadstena is noted for two important facts of Swedish history. It was in Vadstena, year 1350, that Saint Bridget of Sweden founded the first monastery of her Bridgettine Order , and Vadstena Castle is one of Sweden's best-preserved castles from

108-438: A Krigsmanshus (home for veterans) was founded for retired and invalid soldiers and their families, and was housed in the former nuns' wing for over 140 years. It also provided a school for the soldiers' children. The home was closed in 1783. In 1795, a hospital for venereal diseases was established in both the male and female sections of the former abbey. From the 1840s, it also received patients with other illnesses and became

144-586: A Bridgettine community in England, and to donate for that purpose his manor of Cherry Hinton in Cambridgeshire . The result was Syon Monastery , established by Henry V in 1415 at Twickenham , Middlesex . He attended the Council of Constance in 1415. He married Elizabeth Grey (born c. 1363), daughter of Sir Robert de Grey (a son of John de Grey, 1st Baron Grey de Rotherfield and his second wife

180-592: A Bridgettine monastery in England , and in 1415 four nuns, three female novices, one monk and one priest left the abbey under great celebrations for the foundation of what became the famed Syon Abbey . After the introduction of the Reformation in Sweden in 1527, monastic communities in Sweden were effectively ended by the ban against accepting new novices and assets where declared crown property in accordance with

216-489: A male section of 25 monks and a female section of 60 nuns . The monks were organised under the General Confessor and the nuns under a prioress , while the abbey as a whole was organised under an abbess, who was elected by both the monks and the nuns. The abbey was greatly favored by the royal house and nobility and became the spiritual center of the country as well as the greatest landowner in Sweden. The abbey

252-534: A novice the previous year. The Abbey had a favorable position because of its international fame and because of its strong ties with the Swedish nobility, due to its foundress. Many of the monks and nuns were from the nobility, including the King's own sister, Anna. It also served as a burial ground for many noble families. The nuns and monks of Vadstena Abbey were, however, allowed to leave the abbey if they wished. Among

288-525: A public hospital. The hospital was moved to modern facilities in 1909. The nuns' section of the abbey was used as a prison from 1810 to 1825, and after that as a part of the Vadstena Insane Asylum until 1951. The northern building, which contains the nuns' chapterhouse and dormitory, was going to be converted into other uses when in 1956 it was discovered to contain substantial remains of a thirteenth-century royal palace. A thorough restoration

324-483: Is still standing and contains a few memorials of St. Bridget. This devotional site, known as The Blue Church, is visited by both Lutheran and Roman Catholic pilgrims. The Blue Church contains relics of Saint Bridget in a red-coloured casket as well as medieval sculptures of Saint Bridget, Saint Anne and the Blessed Virgin Mary and other medieval art. Three other buildings also remain: the best preserved

360-560: Is the royal palace/nuns' chapterhouse/museum mentioned above; the other two have been converted into a hotel and restaurant. The present-day monastery of Bridgettine nuns, situated near the ancient abbey, is named Mary's Peace ( Latin : Pax Mariae ). It was established from a Bridgettine abbey in the Netherlands , one of the very few abbeys of the original branch of the Order that still remain, and currently numbers eight nuns. In 1991 it

396-763: The Bible or of the legends of the saints. Such writings as are extant have been published for the most part by the Svenska fornskriftsällskapet (Old Swedish Texts Society) of Stockholm. The manuscripts are held in the Royal Library, Stockholm (including two in Swedish in Birgitta's handwriting), and at the University Libraries of Uppsala (which also has contemplative manuscripts in English connected with

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432-585: The Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden . The existing members were allowed to stay until their death, to be supported by an allowance from the former property of the monastery, or to leave if they wished. Vadstena Abbey, however, was exempted from this ban and allowed to accept novices even after the Reformation, though only by special permission from the monarch. This regulation was directed to Bishop Hans Brask by King Gustav Vasa in 1527 after an elopement by

468-585: The translation of her remains to the Abbey Church in 1394 added greatly to the fame and riches of her community. Prioress Christina Nilsdotter died at the abbey in 1399. In 1400 Duke Eric of Pomerania was invested at Vadstena by his great-aunt, Queen Margaret , as King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The grave of his wife, Queen Philippa , and that of Catherine , Queen Consort of King Carl II of Sweden , are located here. Bridgetine literature consisted mostly of translations into Swedish of portions of

504-414: The English mission), and Lund. Of these authors, the best known belonging to Vadstena are perhaps Margareta Clausdotter (abbess 1473, died 1486), author of a work on the family of St. Bridget (printed in " Scriptores Rerum Svecicarum ", III, I, 207-16), and Nicolaus Ragvaldi , monk and General Confessor of the abbey (1476–1514), who composed several works. The abbey was a double monastery , with both

540-768: The Middle Ages. The botanist Erik Acharius died in Vadstena (1819). Vadstena also preserves elements of more recent history in the museum of the Vadstena- Fågelsta narrow gauge railway (Wadstena Fogelsta Järnväg). This 891 mm (or Swedish three foot ) railway was once part of a large network of narrow-gauge railways in Östergötland constructed in the latter part of the 19th century. Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh KG ( c.  1363 – 11 January 1425) of Ravensworth Castle in North Yorkshire,

576-524: The abbess and the prioress were made to swear the Tridentine Oath of 1564 and the nuns were made to take their vows a second time. Possevino also left with a group of boys to be educated as Catholic priests. In 1587, the first Catholic Solemn Mass since the Reformation was held in the abbey during a visit by the King and the Crown Prince, and in 1592, a seminary to prepare Catholic priests

612-522: The abbey founded by Bridget. The daughter of Saint Bridget, Saint Catherine , on arriving there in 1374 with the relics of her mother, found only a few novices under a Religious Superior . They chose Catherine as their abbess. She died in 1381, and it was not until 1384 that the abbey was blessed by the Bishop of Linköping . The first recognized abbess was Ingegerd Knutsdotter , granddaughter of Saint Bridget. The canonization of Saint Bridget in 1391 and

648-614: The coronation of King Henry V in 1413, FitzHugh served as Lord Constable . During the reign of Henry V, he served as Chamberlain of the Household (1413–1425, and into the reign of Henry VI ), and as Treasurer of England (1416–1421). He participated in the Battle of Agincourt in 1415 and subsequent diplomacy with the French, which led to the Treaty of Troyes in 1420. He travelled with

684-434: The era of Gustav Vasa in the 16th century, when Sweden became Protestant. Today the surviving buildings of the monastery are occupied by a hotel, (Vadstena Klosterhotel), and the castle houses the provincial archives and a museum of 16th and 17th century furniture, portraits and paintings. Since the 16th century, Vadstena has been the location of a hospital. Earlier in history, it mainly housed mental patients. Today, some of

720-467: The former abbey employed as a caretaker to the abbey's gardens until 1605. When Magnus Vasa , Duke of Östergötland , died in 1595 he was buried in the abbey church. His sarcophagus can still be seen today. After Karin Johansdotter left the former abbey in 1605, the buildings were left empty for almost 40 years. There were plans to found a university in them, but nothing came of this. In 1641,

756-606: The king to France, and escorted the king's remains back to England following his death in 1422. He was an executor of Henry's will and was a feoffee of various lands in the will. He was appointed a Knight of the Garter in about 1409. During his travels to the Scandinavian Peninsula in 1406, he visited the Bridgettine Vadstena Abbey in Sweden, where he volunteered to help establish

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792-525: The local Protestant bishop. The Catholic Mass and the veneration of saints were banned and Protestant services were ordered to be held in the Abbey church. The nuns are reported to have plugged their ears during the sermon. An inventory of the abbey's valuables was made by the Crown, and in 1543, most of the books and valuables were confiscated. The abbey was allowed to receive private donations on condition that

828-472: The majority of the monks were ordered to leave the abbey. In 1550, the nuns were moved to the smaller part of the abbey, the wing previously belonging to the monks, and in 1555 the male contingent of the abbey was formally abolished and Vadstena Abbey became an all-female community. During the Northern Seven Years' War of 1567, the abbey was looted by Danish soldiers. In 1568, the number of nuns

864-555: The monks refrain from the public Catholic sermons they had evidently been preaching until then. Vadstena Abbey was granted large donations by private benefactors, both from the public and from the Royal Palace . Among the notable benefactors were Queen Margaret Leijonhufvud and her family, the former Abbess Birgitta Botolfsdotter and her wealthy husband, Queen Karin Månsdotter , Anna Hogenskild and Jöran Persson . In 1549,

900-519: The most notable who did leave was Abbess Birgitta Botolfsdotter , who left the abbey to marry. In 1544 the King, reportedly after having been asked by some of the monks and nuns, issued an instruction which specifically allowed the nuns and monks to leave the Vadstena Abbey to marry if they wished to, and specifically forbade the abbess and the other members of the abbey from stopping them. The younger nuns were reportedly more willing to leave than

936-407: The older, but the nuns in general stayed more often than the monks. In large part, this may be due to the fact that the monks, after having converted to Lutheranism, were provided with the professions of medical doctor, pastor or teacher, while the nuns seldom had a choice other than marriage. As a result, far more of them remained in the abbey than did the monks. In May 1540, the Abbey was visited by

972-490: The oldest buildings present the Vadstena Hospital Museum. The buildings in the city centre date mainly from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. The old town is well preserved and the streets have not changed much over the centuries. The Town Hall is Sweden's oldest, dating back to the early 15th century. Notable is the main street ( Storgatan ) where all the shops are gathered, as they would have been during

1008-724: The same. In 1419, the abbey was subjected to an investigation wherein the abbess, as well as the nuns, were accused of having accepted personal gifts and having entertained male guests at unacceptable hours. Vadstena Abbey also had international fame as the motherhouse of all the monasteries of the Bridgettine Order, such as Reval , Nådendal , Bergen and Danzig. It kept in contact with other monasteries, performed inspections of them and sent both nuns and monks to them when they were lacking in members. In 1406, for example, an English delegation headed by Henry FitzHugh, 3rd Baron FitzHugh arrived asking for members in order to establish

1044-474: The throne. He was engaged in Anglo-Scottish diplomacy and took part in the Battle of Humbleton Hill in 1402 and in the negotiation of the surrender of his uncle, Richard le Scrope , Archbishop of York , in 1405. In 1406 he travelled to Denmark as part of the escort of Princess Philippa , daughter of King Henry IV, for her marriage to Eric of Pomerania , king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden . At

1080-586: The winter in Söderköping, sailed to the Bridgettine Abbey of Danzig , Marienbrunn Abbey , in the spring of 1596. Three remaining nuns were there for the visit of Bishop Abraham Angermannus in July 1596. Of these, one married an officer and courtier of Charles IX, another one became lady-in-waiting to Queen Christina , and the last one, Karin Johansdotter , was allowed to stay in the building of

1116-403: Was an administrator and diplomat who served under Kings Henry IV and Henry V . FitzHugh was the first son of Hugh FitzHugh, 2nd Baron FitzHugh (A descendant of Akarius Fitz Bardolph , ), by his wife Joan Scrope, daughter of Henry Scrope, 1st Baron Scrope of Masham . He was summoned by writ to parliament in 1388, and became active in public affairs following the succession of Henry IV to

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1152-466: Was counted as 18. During the reign of King John III (1569–1592), the abbey was restored and enriched, and the abbess was on very good terms with the royal couple. In 1575, John III granted the abbey the right to receive novices without restriction again, and his Catholic Queen, Catherine Jagellon , made donations to it and forged contacts between the abbey and Rome. The Jesuit Antonio Possevino , as Papal Legate , reformed it in 1580. At this occasion,

1188-524: Was founded. The Catholic King Sigismund granted the Vadstena Abbey his protection at his coronation in 1594. The Papal Legate Germanico Malaspina visited the abbey and a young girl was accepted as a novice. Later in 1594, however, the Protestant Duke Charles, later Charles IX of Sweden , took power and ordered the dissolution of Vadstena Abbey. In 1595, the majority of the remaining 11 nuns left with their abbess and, after having spent

1224-411: Was known to manage a hospital and retirement home, which is recorded from 1401. Early on, Vadstena Abbey supported Beghards and Beguines , the latter often aristocratic women, who had a poor reputation among Church authorities. In 1412, the abbey was ordered to expel them, but this was not done until 1506. In 1436, the bailiff Jösse Eriksson sought asylum in the abbey, but was forced out and arrested all

1260-434: Was raised to the status of an autonomous abbey. Vadstena Vadstena ( Swedish pronunciation: [ˈvâsːˌteːna] ) is a locality and the seat of Vadstena Municipality , Östergötland County , Sweden , with 5,613 inhabitants in 2010. From 1974 to 1979 Vadstena was administered as part of Motala Municipality . Despite its small population, Vadstena is, for historical reasons, still referred to as

1296-548: Was undertaken and in 2003 it became a monastery museum, Vadstena klostermuseum . In 1935, the religious sisters of the Birgittine Order came to Vadstena under the Saint Elisabeth Hasselblad and established a convent outside of the grounds of the former abbey. In 1963 the convent was refounded as a Bridgettine convent of the original branch of the Order (see further below). The abbey church

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