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37-486: Vaikom ( IPA: [ʋɐjkʲːɐm] ) is a municipality in the Kottayam district of Kerala , India . It is located 33 km (20.5 mi) north of the district headquarters in Kottayam and about 152 km (94.4 mi) north of the state capital Thiruvananthapuram . As per the 2011 Indian census , Vaikom has a population of 23,234 people, and a population density of 2,661/km (6,890/sq mi). Vaikom town

74-735: A Portuguese named Pacheco, were at first successful. After a year of desultory fighting, the Calicut forces withdrew, and the Dutch destroyed the Fort Round and built a bastion near Cranganore. In 1669, Dutch Malabar became a separate commandment of the Dutch East India Company (VOC); beforehand it had been governed from Batavia . In 1670, the Zamorin of Calicut ruler was persuaded by his prince to go to Cranganore to encourage

111-529: A means to livelihood. Hindustan Newsprint Limited is situated in Velloor near Vaikom. As per the 2001 census, Vaikom has a population of about 22637 (male: 10955; female: 11682). This region has a literacy rate of 92% (male: 97%; female: 90%). Population density of the region is 2496 per square km. As per the 2011 census, The Vaikom municipality has a population of 23,234 of which 11,304 are males while 11,930 are females. The population of children under age 6

148-524: A new treaty with the English. In the following years, they made raids deep into Cochin areas (1701–1710). The Dutch supported their ally Cochin and began to construct a fort for the security of Chetwai. Soon, Calicut sent a force to pull down the fortifications and expelled the Dutch from Chetwai (1714). The Chief of the English factory had a great hand in promoting this. Calicut resolved to follow up on this success by attacking Cranganore and Pappinivattom. But,

185-519: A pepper trade monopoly in Malabar and were all the more frustrated in their attempts when the young ruler of Travancore , Marthanda Varma , started to expand his kingdom. The Travancore–Dutch War that followed culminated in the Battle of Colachel , which proved disastrous for the Dutch. Eustachius De Lannoy , a naval commander in the Dutch army, was taken prisoner and subsequently became a commander in

222-508: Is 1807, which is 7.78% of the total population of Vaikom (M). In Vaikom municipality, the female sex ratio is of 1055 against the state average of 1084. The male child sex ratio in Vaikom is around 960, compared to the Kerala state average of 964. The literacy rate of Vaikom city is 96.84%, higher than the state average of 94.00%. In Vaikom, male literacy is around 98.30% while female literacy rate

259-464: Is 95.47%. Hindus are the largest religious community in Vaikom, accounting for 85% of the population. Christians represent 12%, and Muslims 3%. Municipalities of Kerala The urban councils of Kerala date back to the 17th century when the Dutch Malabar established the municipality of Fort Kochi . In 1664, the municipality of Fort Kochi was established by Dutch Malabar , making it

296-517: Is situated at the northwestern end of Kottayam district, close to Ernakulam district border. Vaikom is a lakeside town situated in the banks of the Vembanad lake similar to other lakeside towns like Kottayam and Changanassery . Its western borders are bound by the Vembanad lake. The Muvattupuzha river has its mouth near Vaikom where it empties into the Vembanad lake, many distributaries of

333-556: Is the centre of the town, and is the site of the Vaikom Ashtami celebrations during November. It is notable as the venue of the Vaikom Agitation for achieving for the lower castes the right to walk on the roads surrounding the temple. One of the most popular temples in Kerala dedicated to Lord Shiva , Vaikom is administered by a municipality and is the seat of a munsiff's court (among the oldest to be established in

370-405: Is the executive authority of the municipalities. Elected councillors and officers are the other functionaries. Two types of officers now exist – officers belonging to the municipality as full-time officers and officers transferred to the municipality from the state government. H The Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 mandates the establishment of ward committees in each ward of the municipality. In case

407-778: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 , which exchanged the colony for Bangka Island . Unlike the Catholic Portuguese, the Protestant Dutch did not try to convert indigenous Hindu peoples to Christianity. However, they helped the Saint Thomas Christians of Malabar, who had been around there since the 1st century, against the pressure of the Roman Catholic Church . They relied heavily for trade and diplomatic missions on

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444-733: The British and allowed them to establish a factory at Calicut in 1664. The Dutch authorities in Amsterdam were alarmed and wrote to their officers in India to "spare no pains" to secure the expulsion of the British from Calicut. The Dutch carried off four or five guns from Calicut and attacked Cranganore . The Dutch and their ally Cochin at once summoned the vassals of Cochin, like Thekkumkur , Vatakkumkur , Paravur , Chempakasseri and Mangatt . Calicut forces, including Muslim Army and supported by

481-548: The Kingdom of Travancore , 100 years old). Vaikom assembly constituency is part of Kottayam parliamentary constituency . Vaikom was believed to be a part of a kingdom called Venmalanadu in the past. When Venmalanadu was split into Vadakkumkoor and Thekkumkoor, it became part of Vadakkumkoor dynasty. Vadakkumkoor kingdom spread along the path of Muvattupuzha river towards the north east side from Kaduthuruthy, Vaikom, Piravom , Muvattupuzha , Kothamangalam and Thodupuzha . There

518-530: The Dutch transferred Chetwai back to Calicut and reduced the size and strength of their forces across Malabar. The fear of Cochin-Dutch alliance began to fade in the minds of Calicut rulers. In 1721, the supreme council of the Dutch East Indies in Batavia agreed that it would no longer support its ally Cochin against Calicut, betraying century old friendship. The Dutch never succeeded in establishing

555-570: The Dutch under Councillor William Bucker Jacobs retaliated by defeating the Calicut and English armies and on 10 April 1719 the Dutch formally took command of Fort William , as the fort at Chetwai was called then. This Cochin-Dutch victory was a heavy blow to the English and Robert Adams. The Dutch gradually began to consider their forts and garrisons in Malabar an economic burden, while the British East India Company dominance of commerce in Malabar increased. On 10 September 1691

592-569: The Muvattupuzha river pass through Vaikom. It is also close to the tourism destination Kumarakom and the city of Kochi . Vaikom is situated on the Ernakulam - Alappuzha - Kottayam border area and it is 32 km from Ernakulam , 32 km from Kottayam via Kumarakom , 33 km from Alappuzha and about 60 km (37 mi) from Kochi International Airport . The Vaikom Shiva Temple , known as Thekkan Kashi (Southern Kashi ),

629-522: The Nairs. But, the Dutch made a surprise attack on the Zamorin's camp. Thirty Dutch lost their lives this raid, and in the confusion of the battle, the Royal Sword of Calicut was destroyed. The Calicut ruler fell back to Papinivattom, and the prince attacked the bastion and captured it. In 1673, VOC representative Hendrik van Rheede came to Cochin as its Commander. He re-occupied the bastion and demanded

666-687: The Paradesi Jewish merchants of Cochin, who thrived during the Dutch era. They also tolerated the Malabari Jews and provided asylum. The Murugan temple at Thiruchendur was occupied by the Dutch East India company between the years 1646 to 1648, during the course of their war with the Portuguese. The local people tried during these 2 years to try and free their temple, with several futile attempts. The Dutch finally vacated

703-639: The Travancore army. De Lannoy later helped Travancore to establish an organized army, introduce better firearms and artillery, and to build European style forts in his state. As a result of the Kew Letters , Dutch settlements on the Malabar Coast were surrendered to the British in 1795, in order to prevent them from being overrun by the French. Dutch Malabar remained British after the conclusion of

740-560: The cession of Chetwai - the route to Cochin from Calicut. He came to Port Ponani in 1678 and met with the Calicut ruler. Tired of the hostility shown by most of the natives, the Dutch opened negotiations with Calicut. The Commissary General of Batavia, the head of the Dutch Government in the East Indies, came to Ponani in 1696 without even stopping at Cochin. In the meantime, Calicut formed a large anti-Dutch alliance and signed

777-410: The citizens. The Kerala Municipality Act 1994 envisage creation of three kinds of urban local governments Kerala has not created any town panchayats so far. The functions of the municipalities are enlisted as schedule appended to Kerala Municipality Act. The functions can be divided into civic functions and development functions in areas of agriculture, industry, health, education etc. Chairperson

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814-467: The conquest of Malabar by the British in 1795. They possessed military outposts in 11 locations: Alleppey , Ayacotta, Chendamangalam , Pappinivattom , Ponnani , Pallipuram , Cranganore (from 15   January 1662), Chetwai, Cannanore (from 15   February 1663), Cochin (7   January 1663 – 1795), and Quilon (29   December 1658 – 14 April 1659 and from 24   December 1661 – 1795). The Kingdom of Cochin

851-495: The deaths of the ruler of Calicut and important Dutch officers, the garrison finally capitulated on 8 January 1663. The terms of the capitulation were that all the unmarried Portuguese residents were returned to Europe, and all married Portuguese and Mestiços were transferred to Goa . The last governor of Portuguese Cochin was Inácio Sarmento. It was said that about four thousand people were banished and decades of Portuguese supremacy in Malabar came to an end. Fort Cochin now became

888-671: The first modern municipalities of Kerala on 1 November 1866, according to the Madras Act 10 of 1865 (Amendment of the Improvements in Towns act 1850) of the British Indian Empire . The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 provided for a national framework for municipal governance in the country, and Kerala has been following that pattern since 1994. Consequent to this amendment, several changes have occurred in

925-527: The first municipality in Indian subcontinent , which got dissolved when the Dutch authority got weaker in 18th century. However, the first modern kind of municipalities were formed in the state in 1866 in Malabar District . In 1866, Fort Kochi municipality was reestablished. Kannur , Thalassery , Kozhikode , Palakkad , and Fort Kochi , which were parts of Malabar District until 1956, were made

962-419: The functions, powers, and responsibilities of the municipalities, and the states had to make necessary amendments to the legislation on the local governments in the respective states. The Kerala Municipalities Act of 1994, enacted as per the constitutional amendment, governs the pattern, functions and services of the municipalities in Kerala. The act, which was integrated for the municipalities and corporations in

999-472: The medicinal properties of Malabar plants. In Cochin, the Dutch established an orphanage for poor European children and a leper asylum on Vypin . The allies moved towards Cochin and marched upon the palace of the official Raja on 5   February 1662. His family members had allied with Dutch. The Dutch helped Cochin to get rid of the Portuguese-friendly king. The Portuguese-friendly king

1036-533: The municipality has less than one lakh population, then every person from the ward on the electoral roll becomes a member of the committee. In case the population of the municipality is more than one lakh, then the following become the members of the ward committee: In both cases, the local Councillor is the chairperson of the Ward Committee. The Kerala Municipality (Constitution of Ward Committee and Procedure for Meeting) Rules, 1995 provides further rules for

1073-582: The name of its main settlement Cochin , were a collection of settlements and trading factories of the Dutch East India Company on the Malabar Coast between 1661 and 1795, and was a subdivision of what was collectively referred to as Dutch India . Dutch presence in the Malabar region started with the capture of Portuguese Quilon , expanded with the Conquest of Malabar (1658-1663) , and ended with

1110-611: The primary ally of the Dutch in South Asia. The Zamorin of Calicut had sought Dutch cooperation so that he can annex Cochin . Hence his stipulation for the cession of Vypin and reduction of the Cochin Raja to the position of a Calicut tributary in the treaty of 1662. But the Dutch, having established themselves in Cochin and Calicut, asked them to fulfill their treaty obligations. It was in these circumstances, Calicut welcomed

1147-402: The setting up and functioning of these committees. Ward Committees have been set up in Kerala and are regularly cited as a good example of functioning micro level urban governance in India. Ward Committees played an important role in combating the spread of COVID19 in Kerala . Dutch Malabar Dutch Malabar ( Dutch ; Nederlandse Malabar . Malayalam ; ഡച്ച് മലബാർ .) also known by

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1184-534: The state, laid out the constitution of the town panchayats , municipal councils , and municipal corporations . Prior to this, the urban areas of Kerala were governed by the following acts, which were repealed when the Kerala Municipality Act, 1994 was introduced: Hence, instead of having separate acts for municipal corporations and other types of municipal bodies, from 1994 Kerala has the same act to govern all its municipal bodies. Since then,

1221-466: The structure of municipal bodies has essentially remained the same, even though the urban areas have multiplied. The 74th amendment to the Constitution of India resulted in increased roles for the municipalities in every state in India, where they have been perceived to be great contributors to the social and economic development of the country, as they are the level of government that is closest to

1258-580: The temple on orders from the Tirumala Nayaka . However, while vacating the temple, they hacked away and removed the idol of the main deity of the temple, and took it back to Galle , Dutch Ceylon . The idols was returned after many negotiations with the Madurai Nayakar. Dutch Malabar was one area of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in Dutch) ruled by

1295-585: Was an ally of the Dutch East India Company . The Dutch enlarged the Royal Palace built by the Portuguese at Mattancheri for the King of Cochin, which from then on became known as the " Dutch Palace ". In 1744, an impressive palace later called Bolgatty Palace , was erected on Bolghatty Island for the Dutch Governors. The Dutch contributed a monumental work called Hortus Indicus Malabaricus on

1332-580: Was an important port at Chemmanakary, near Vaikom during the Vadakkumkoor era. Later in 1742, it became part of Travancore when the then Maharajah of Travancore , Anizham Thirunal Marthanda Varma , annexed Vadakkumkoor to his kingdom. Vaikom gained its fame on a national level during Vaikom Satyagraha . The traditional economy has been based on coconut and rice crops, and fishing ; more recently, crops like nutmeg , black pepper , and latex have been introduced. Tourism and software are pursued as

1369-421: Was killed in the subsequent battle along with two of his juniors. Cochin royal family appointed a new king, and ordered the Dutch to besiege the Portuguese fort. Cochin and the chief of Paliyam provided supplies to the Dutch, who faced heroic Portuguese resistance during the prolonged siege. The Native rulers of Porca and Cembakasseri kept the besieged supplied with provisions. Though disrupted by monsoon rains and

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