Misplaced Pages

#934065

23-794: The building proper was constructed in 1848 by the family of Thomas and Margaret Mitchell, completed in the American Greek Revival style which typifies many Ann Arbor-area homes of the period. It has been recognized by the Ann Arbor Historical Commission; one of the pillars on the front porch bears a plaque which identifies it as the Hubbell Gregory House. Gregory married the Mitchell's daughter, and his descendants lived there until 1914 when his daughter Jennie Gregory died. Afterwards it became

46-735: A larger Greek Revival of the era allowed many rural and vernacular interpretations to flourish, and these further influenced the development of many other styles, such as the gablefront . Marcus Whiffen states that the "first building in the United States to incorporate a Greek order was the Bank of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, designed by Benjamin Henry Latrobe in 1798". Talbot Hamlin says that "The period called 'Greek Revival,' extend[s] roughly from 1820 to 1860." The style

69-679: A lucrative clientele. The work of the Adam brothers set the style for domestic architecture and interiors for much of the latter half of the 18th century. Robert and James Adam travelled in Italy and Dalmatia in the 1750s, observing the ruins of the classical world. On their return to Britain, they set themselves up with their older brother, John , as architects. Robert and James published a book entitled The Works in Architecture in instalments between 1773 and 1779. This book of engraved designs made

92-471: The Adam repertory available throughout Europe. The Adam brothers aimed to simplify the rococo and baroque styles which had been fashionable in the preceding decades, to bring what they felt to be a lighter and more elegant feel to Georgian houses. The Works in Architecture illustrated the main buildings the Adam brothers had worked on and crucially documented the interiors, furniture and fittings, designed by

115-507: The Adam revival was closely linked, was very popular with the expanding middle classes from circa 1880 to 1920. They were attracted to the light and elegant designs, as a contrast to the heavier and more cluttered interiors which had dominated their homes during the second half of the 19th century. The revival competed with the Arts and Crafts style, which continued to be popular in Britain up to

138-738: The Adams. A parallel development of this phase of neoclassical design is the French Louis XVI style . The Adam style moved away from the strict mathematical proportions previously found in Georgian rooms, and introduced curved walls and domes, decorated with elaborate plasterwork and striking mixed colour schemes using newly affordable paints in pea green, sky blue, lemon, lilac, bright pink, and red-brown terracotta. Artists such as Angelica Kauffman and Antonio Zucchi were employed to paint classical figurative scenes within cartouches set into

161-594: The Midwest, use an asymmetrical Upright and Wing floorplan, though this has many regional and vernacular variants. Many Antebellum plantations were completed in the Greek Revival style, with large colonnade porches. Arches were not employed because "the arch had no place in Greek temple architecture." Several factors led to the style's popularity in the United States, two of them wars. The War of 1812 between

184-802: The United States and Great Britain led the former colonials in America to wish to disassociate themselves from things British, such as the previously popular Adam style , while the Greek War of Independence , begun in 1821, helped make things Greek admired and emulated. Adam style The Adam style (also called Adamesque or the Style of the Brothers Adam ) is an 18th-century neoclassical style of interior design and architecture, as practised by Scottish architect William Adam and his sons, of whom Robert (1728–1792) and James (1732–1794) were

207-518: The fall of 1961. In 1991, it became the only all-female co-op in the ICC system, though today it is open to any gender. In addition to being one of the oldest houses in Ann Arbor, Vail House also boasts a magnificent oak tree in its front yard which has been estimated to be over two hundred years old. Vail House was named for Stefan T. Vail (or Stephanos Valavanis), who was an ICC member and president in

230-540: The interior walls and ceilings. The Adam's main rivals were James Wyatt , whose many designs for furniture were less known outside the wide circle of his patrons, because he never published a book of engravings; and Sir William Chambers , who designed fewer furnishings for his interiors, preferring to work with such able cabinet-makers as John Linnell , Thomas Chippendale , and Ince and Mayhew . So many able designers were working in this style in London from circa 1770 that

253-519: The mid-1950s. While at the University of Michigan, Stefan Vail helped to devise the financial structure of the ICC. After having earned his doctorate in economics, Stefan Vail was an assistant professor of economics at Harvard University from 1956 to 1958. While camping near Mount Olympus in Greece, Stefan Vail was shot and killed by an army deserter who mistook him for a pursuing officer. His death

SECTION 10

#1732779537935

276-461: The most widely known. The Adam brothers advocated an integrated style for architecture and interiors, with walls, ceilings, fireplaces, furniture, fixtures, fittings and carpets all being designed by the Adams as a single uniform scheme. Their style is commonly known under the mistaken plural "Adams style". The Adam style found its niche from the late 1760s in upper-class and middle-class residences in 18th-century England, Scotland, Russia (where it

299-589: The next house they purchased after Vail, in recognizing his contributions to the ICC and to economics. In 1979, European members of the Econometric Society contributed papers to a volume commemorating Valavanis. Greek Revival architecture in North America American Greek Revival was an architectural style popular in the United States and Canada from about 1800 to 1860. The unique American interpretation of

322-612: The onset of the Industrial Revolution . The emphasis was on modernisation, with regulations being introduced to clean up the nation's streets, promoting the re-paving of roads and pavements, improving drainage and street lighting, and better fireproofing of buildings with the widespread use of brick and stone. Speculative building was rife, with some developers focussing on high speed and low cost. Sometimes, newly built houses collapsed due to poor workmanship; whilst others continually shifted on their foundations, giving rise to

345-561: The phrase "things that go bump in the night", as mysterious crashes, creaks and thuds were heard by their inhabitants late at night. London experienced major expansion, with the newly built West End, which included the elegant squares of Mayfair ; areas of the East End of London were also developed, such as the new terraces in Spitalfields . The cities of Edinburgh , Bristol and Dublin were all expanded and modernised. Birmingham

368-546: The residence of the family of Horace Greely Prettyman , who owned the Ann Arbor Press and White Swan Laundry. They added the porte cochere at this time. The Prettyman family lived here until around 1945, after which Abbie Schaefer took it over and ran it as a rooming house called Abby House. In 1960 it was purchased by the Inter-Cooperative Council and opened as women's cooperative housing in

391-550: The style is currently more usually termed Early Neoclassical . It was typical of Adam style to combine decorative neo-Gothic details into the classical framework. So-called "Egyptian" and "Etruscan" design motifs were minor features. The Adam style is identified with: The Adam style was superseded from around 1795 onwards by the simpler Regency style in Britain; and the French Empire style in France and Russia, which

414-705: The underlying structures remaining medieval. The Neoclassical style was all the vogue throughout the 18th century, and many style guides were published to advise builders how their finished properties should look. Influential guides included Stephen Riou's The Grecian Orders (1768), and Batty Langley 's A Sure Guide to Builders (1729), The Young Builder's Rudiments (1730 and 1734), Ancient Masonry (1736), The City and Country Builder's and Workman's Treasury of Designs (1740 and later editions), The Builder's Jewel (1741). Architects, designers, cabinet makers, stonemasons, and craftsmen published pattern books and style guides to advertise their ideas, thereby hoping to attract

437-563: Was a more imperial and self-consciously archeological style, connected with the First French Empire . The Adam style was strongly influenced by: Interest in the Adam style was revived in the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, initiated by a spectacular marquetry cabinet by Wright & Mansfield exhibited at the Paris Exposition of 1867 . Reproduction furniture in the general " Regency Revival " style, to which

460-575: Was called a "tragedy" by his senior colleague at the Harvard Economics Department, Seymour Harris, who wrote that Valavanis was "brilliant, imaginative, and a first–class scholar and teacher"; according to Seymour, Valavanis's econometrics textbook had "pedagogical strength", proceeding "more by statements of problems and examples than by the development of mathematical proofs". Soon after, the ICC Board of Directors voted to name

483-414: Was described in 1791 as being the "first manufacturing town in the world". Manchester and Liverpool each saw their population triple between 1760 and 1800. New towns, like Bath , were constructed around natural spas. Old medieval cities and market towns, such as York and Chichester , had their buildings re-fronted with brick or stucco, plus new sash windows, to give the impression of modernity, despite

SECTION 20

#1732779537935

506-472: Was employed in ecclesiastical, institutional, and residential buildings. Virtually all the buildings in the style are characterized by the use of columns or pilasters , usually from the Greek orders . "Bilateral symmetry is the rule," with the main portion of the buildings being "block" or "temple" shaped with a low pitched or flat roof. Many buildings in this style, particularly rural farmhouses of New England and

529-615: Was introduced by Scottish architect Charles Cameron ), and post- Revolutionary War United States (where it became known as Federal style and took on a variation of its own). The style was superseded from around 1795 onwards by the Regency style and the French Empire style . During the 18th century there was much work for eager architects and designers, as Britain experienced a boom in the building of new houses, theatres, shops, offices and factories, with towns growing rapidly due to

#934065