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66-475: Valby Hill marks the boundary between Valby and the more central and urban neighbouring Vesterbro district. The expression "west of Valby Hill" is in Danish often used as a metonym for "the provinces" or "outside Copenhagen". Separated from the rest of Copenhagen by Vestre Cemetery , Denmark's largest cemetery, towards Vesterbro/Kongens Enghave and Søndermarken - Frederiksberg Gardens towards Frederiksberg ,

132-489: A Valby nave , both to bring symmetry into the design and to accommodate a wish among the citizens of Valby not to mingle with the Hvidovre farmers. In the 17th century, the road to Roskilde was taken through Valby and an inn opened. The first holder of the license was Hans Pedersen Bladt, a skillful merchant who was elected mayor of Copenhagen in 1675. Valby also profited from the proximity of Frederiksberg Palace which

198-495: A declamation of the Messiah. However, she was not the preferred candidate within the royal court, and it was pointed out both that Frederick did not share Marie's literary interests, and that she was further more given a much too free and unrestricted childhood. The influential half–sister of Frederick, Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark , reportedly feared that she would be replaced in her brother's affections, and her husband,

264-437: A distance between them. When her last childbirth in 1808 resulted in an injury which prevented further intercourse, she was forced to accept her spouse's adultery with Frederikke Dannemand . The relationship between Marie and Frederick VI after this was described as a respectful friendship, and the political turmoil of the time reportedly created a trusting relationship between them. The writer Ingemann wrote of her: "She wore

330-497: A great extent which ended in 2017. The environment and sustainability is one of the essential reasons for the renovation. Vesterbro has a central location that makes it a favored place to live. It has had a reputation as a center for prostitution and drug trafficking, where only the poorest would live, and there is still a certain amount of these activities in the area, especially on Istedgade and near Halmtorvet, but there has been police focus on clearing up troublesome areas. The area

396-408: A local farmer for DKK 47,000. The 34-year-old architect Christian Mandrup-Poulsen was commissioned to design the development and the foundation stone for the first house was set on 26 November 1899. All of the development's original houses were then built between 1899 and 1903. Mandrup-Poulsen's plan created three tree-lined avenues—Søndre Allé, Nordre Allé and Østre Allé—which form a large "A" off

462-403: A manufacturer of coffee substitutes . F L Smidth & Co relocated its activities to a huge site in central Valby in 1956. The remains of Old Valby are located in the northern part of the district on Valby Langgade , the old road to Roskilde, which today extends from Carlsberg, as the continuation of Pile Allé, and runs west along the municipal border with Frederiksberg until it finally joins

528-570: A modest garden. The produce from this intensely cultivated area was, in fierce competition with the Amager farmers , sold on the market at Amagertorv in Copenhagen , where King Christian IV had granted the Valby farmers trading privileges. At the time, the Valby community did not have its own church but instead, since 1628, belonged to Hvidovre Parish. In 1675, Hvidovre Church was extended with

594-425: A population of 46,161, giving a population density of 5,002 per km. The district is bounded by Kongens Enghave and Vesterbro to the east, Frederiksberg to the north, Vanløse to the north-east and Hvidovre Municipality to the west, while Kalvebod Beach, the shallow-watered area just south of Copenhagen Harbour, separates it from the island of Amager to the south. The most distinctive geographical features of

660-470: Is also known as the easy place to get drugs in Copenhagen. Vesterbro was originally the name of the paved country road that led into the city center from the west. Few country roads in those days were paved, but the amount of traffic into the capital necessitated it. Until 1853 after the cholera epidemic that had hit Copenhagen, there had been a "no build" zone outside Copenhagen’s old part of town,

726-435: Is known of Marie's childhood, but the life of the little German court at Louisenlund, headed by Fraulein von Berlichingen, are described by her mother's lady-in-waiting Julie Stolberg as very simple, without great ceremony, and that the royal couple allowed their children to be raised very naturally. She was given a German education, and German was her first language. She was affected by her father's interest in mysticism, and

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792-498: Is known to have been eager to come to terms with her sister-in-law, and at least on one known occasion to have asked her to forgive her if she had caused her any offence. Her father introduced her and the crown prince to circles invested in German religious mysticism, and the princely couple, Prince Charles, Andreas Peter Bernstorff and Augusta Bernstorff, are known to have invited Lavater to Denmark in 1793. Lavater did visit them in

858-534: Is located just outside Copenhagen’s city center—the Inner City or Indre By—making it a very attractive place to live, as are the other areas immediately outside the center: the Indre Nørrebro ("Inner Nørrebro"), Indre Østerbro ("Inner Østerbro"), Frederiksberg , and Christianshavn . The district is located west of the city center at the location of the old Western Gate ("Vesterport"), access way into

924-624: Is located where the Tåstrup and Frederikssund radials diverge, and is served by trains on either radial. Some regional and intercity trains also stop at Valby, mainly to provide transfers to the Frederikssund S-trains. Langgade station near Valby's eastern border with Kongens Enghave is also located on the Frederikssund line. Ny Ellebjerg station is becoming a major hub which serves as an interchange station between

990-464: Is no longer kept. From 1815, she protected the women's charity organisation Det Kvindelige Velgørende Selskab . During the reign of Frederick, particularly after the end of the Napoleonic wars, the royal family became a popular symbol of family life, as the king appeared to the public in the capital walking in the park with his wife and daughters, and sailing with them along the canal. Marie

1056-591: Is one of several developments of building society houses in the Valby district of Copenhagen , Denmark and are located on the south side of Valby Langgade and the streets Søndre Allé, Nordre Allé and Østre Allé. They are similar to another development of white houses in Frederiksberg . Valby Arbejderes Byggeforening (English: Valby Workers' Building Society ) was founded on 17 May 1898 and quickly acquired an approximately five-hectare, triangular site from

1122-484: The Olsen-banden films, the eponymous gang lives in Valby. Vesterbro, Copenhagen Vesterbro is one of the 15 administrative, statistical, and city tax districts ( bydele ) comprising the municipality of Copenhagen , Denmark . It covers an area of 3.76 km (1.45 sq mi), and has a population of 51,466 and a population density of 13,688 per km . Neighboring city districts are: Vesterbro

1188-744: The Bishop's Seat of Roskilde but in 1417 the villages came under the Crown once again when King Eric VII made Copenhagen a royal possession. Both during the civil war leading up to the Reformation (1533–1536) and during the Assault on Copenhagen in the Second Northern War , Valby was faced with almost complete destruction (1658–60), leading to deep poverty for the communities. In 1682, Valby had 13 farms and 25 houses with no more land than

1254-568: The Carlsberg brewery site , and areas of low density, Valby retains a certain air of 'independence', or isolation, even today. With the progressing redevelopment of the Carlsberg area into a new lively, high-density neighbourhood, this is likely to change. Other former industrial sites are also under redevelopment and Valby is today one of the districts in Copenhagen with the fastest growing population. Valby covers an area of 9.23 km and has

1320-547: The Danish Maritime Accident Investigation Board have their head offices in Valby. Located off Gammel Køge Landevej, Valby Sports Park contains a multi-purpose stadium which is mainly used for football. A new aquatics centre is currently under construction and will open on February 2+12. The major green spaces in the district are Valby Park , the largest park in Copenhagen, and Vigerslev Park which runs along Harrestrup Å and

1386-574: The Duke of Augustenburg , likewise feared to have his influence diminished, and they were supported by a party at court which was opposed to Marie's father Prince Charles, who was widely unpopular. Frederick arranged his marriage against the will of both his court, council and also of his sister and brother-in-law, but he had the support of his future father-in-law, who attempted to gain influence in Danish state affairs through it. Crown Prince Regent Frederick strongly disliked being affected in his choice by

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1452-556: The Køge radial and the ring line which connects the station to Hellerup station north of Copenhagen through the suburbs. Danshøj station serves mainly as an interchange station between B trains (on the Tåstrup radial) and F trains on the ring line. Other stations in Valby serving the ring line are Ålholm station and Vigerslev Allé station . The 1989 Swedish-Danish drama film The Miracle in Valby takes place in Valby. Also, in

1518-492: The 1780s there were approximately 1,000 inhabitants of the area, as well as a number of commercial enterprises (lumberyards, tobacco farm, several industrial buildings), and the house of the Royal Copenhagen Shooting Society and Danish Brotherhood ("Det kongelige kjøbenhavnske Skydeselskab og danske Broderskab"). The society received permission to build outside the old city limits in the 1750s, and

1584-519: The Danish public school, was built the following year. Valby became particularly associated with raising poultry which the Valby women sold beside the Caritas Well on Gammeltorv in Copenhagen. The trade took place on Wednesdays and Saturdays, which were market days, until 1857. In 1776, the road to Roskilde was given a new course, a direct continuation of Vesterbrogade across Valby Hill, with

1650-468: The Norwegian question , and strongly criticized the behavior of King Christian Frederik of Norway , though she did send him a ship to evacuate him from Norway and bring him back to Denmark . From the end of her regency in 1815 until the death of Frederick VI in 1839, her life as queen was a quiet one and she participated in social life only when necessary to fulfill her representational duties. One of

1716-567: The Valby area was transferred to Copenhagen Municipality and became increasingly urbanized, with both new residential areas and industry. Ole Olsen established the Nordisk Film film studios in 1906. The following year the Danish Cotton Factories opened their Valby Spinning Mill in central Valby. Other companies established in the area early in the century were Carl Aller 's Aller Press and C.F. Rich & Sønner ,

1782-411: The bourgeoisie. When the first railway out of Copenhagen opened in 1847, a 30 km railway line to Roskilde , it had an intermediate station slightly east of where Valby railway station lies today. The station was originally meant to serve mostly leisure trips to nearby Frederiksberg; it had a booming traffic in the railway's first years, which however dwindled as the novelty wore off. The station

1848-492: The building had housed the Copenhagen City Museum starting in 1956. It currently houses Musikhuset København, an acoustical music performance venue and culture center. With the abolishment of the demarcation line in 1853, the dismantling of the old fortifications that ringed the center of town in the late 1860s, and the removal of the old entrance gates to the city in 1856, the population quickly spread out to

1914-511: The center of the royal court and the most popular female member of the royal family. This was illustrated by an incident at the Royal Danish Theatre in 1792, when Republican sentiments grew in Copenhagen during the victories of the revolutionary French army under Dumouriez , the crown princess, who entered her box with a deeper nod as greeting to the public than usual, was met by the comment "Look at that, if Dumoriez has not taught

1980-601: The court, and was eager to show himself independent to it. Marie was selected by her cousin as his spouse mainly as a way for him to demonstrate his independence from his court, who wanted a more political dynastic match. In the summer of 1787, Frederick made a visit to Prince Charles and his aunt Princess Louise at Gottorp Castle and met Marie as well. On 31 July 1790 in Gottorp , she married her first cousin Frederick, then crown prince and regent of Denmark-Norway. The marriage

2046-532: The crown with dignity and with a bleeding heart." Marie was interested in politics, genealogy and history. She had started to take an interest in politics during her years in Kiel. She was more often noted to speak of politics with people to acquire knowledge, was courted by the Reventlow-Stolberg Party, and was opposed to Napoleon and the alliance with France. She inspired Frederick VI to take

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2112-446: The district are Valby Hill in its north-eastern corner and Harrestrup Å which marks its western boundary. Valby also borders on Damhus Lake in its extreme north-western corner. The Danshøj tumulus, along with many other archeological finds in the area, provides evidence that the Valby area has been inhabited since ancient times. Modern Valby has developed around the two villages of Valby and Vigerslev. The first recorded mention of

2178-482: The effect that it bypassed Valby to the detriment of the inn and other businesses. Instead Valby began to develop into an area where members of the bourgeoisie took up summer residency, a practice which spread from adjoining Frederiksberg. One of the first to arrive in Valby proper was the actor James Price who spent his first summer there in 1795, shortly after his arrival in Denmark. He was followed by other members of

2244-523: The emerging nationalism, nor the political conflicts caused by the demands of an emerging democracy, and was confused about the new ideas of the time. Anders Sandøe Ørsted wrote: Bishop Martensen noted her sorrow over the war with Schleswig - Holstein and that she did not understand the new ideas of a nation, and that she once said: Marie died at Amalienborg on 21 March 1852. Marie and Frederick VI had eight children. None of Frederick VI's sons survived infancy, however, and when he died in 1839, he

2310-494: The hill. In 1882, Carl Jacobsen , J. C. Jacobsen 's son, opened his own brewery at a neighbouring site after a controversy with his father. Over the following decades both breweries grew and were later merged. Carl Jacobsen also became the driving force behind Valby's first church, the large Jesus Church , which he financed with money he inherited from his father. The new church was consecrated on 15 November 1891 but it remained under Hvidovre Parish for another decade. In 1901,

2376-525: The king's policy during the Napoleonic wars , and she was therefore greeted with great enthusiasm during her regency. In October 1814, a foreign spectator noted, "This Princess was greeted at the theater yesterday with great cheers", and the following year, "The queen was greeted with unanimous cheers at the theatre. How times changes! There was a time when one referred to her as 'German Maria', but now its different". She excused Frederick VI in regard to

2442-413: The later Christian IX of Denmark into his family in 1825, and he arrived in Denmark in 1832. Marie also took an interest in history and literature. She became more acquainted with the native Danes , finally learned the Danish language more fluently, took an interest in Danish literature and was known to read aloud the works of Oehlenschlager and Ingemann . Her lady-in-waiting Amalie Münster , who

2508-465: The name Valby is from 1186, as Walbu , but the history of both settlements probably goes back considerably longer. Valby means "village/house on the plain". In the early Middle Ages both villages came under Utterslev , a Crown estate which included most of the area around Havn , the small market town which later became Copenhagen. In 1167, Valdemar I granted both Havn and the Utterslev estate to

2574-450: The new Roskildevej at Damhus Lake . The centre of modern-day Valby is the area around Toftegårds Plads which was refurbished in 2011. New facilities on the square include ball cages , a climbing wall made out of glass and a mobile stage. Valby Cultural Centre, Valby railway station and Spinderiet shopping centre are all located next to the square, the latter with direct access to the station platforms. Two major arteries connect to

2640-506: The old city. The gate, along with the other three gates into the old city—Østerport ("Eastern Gate") near the current Østerport station ), Nørreport ("Northern Gate") near the current Nørreport station , and Amagerport ("Amager Gate", i.e. functionally the Southern Gate) between Christianshavn and the island of Amager —were dismantled in 1856. The name "Vesterbro" literally translates into English as "Western Bridge", and refers to

2706-399: The part now known as the Inner City or Indre By. This demarcation line ( Demarkationslinien ) indicated an area beyond the city’s centuries old defence wall system where Copenhagen’s defence forces could strike the enemy unhindered. Until then there was little development outside the center of the city, except with special permission. Even though much of the area was used as grazing land, by

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2772-541: The paved ( Danish , brolagt ) road leading into the city through the Western Gate. Vesterbro is the area of the bridge into the city of Copenhagen, which was a much smaller city at the time when the name was created. At that time, the city was ringed by a moat which exist today as the small lakes found in Tivoli , Ørsted Park , Copenhagen Botanical Garden , and Østre Anlæg Park . The area has been under renovation to

2838-540: The princess to be civil!", while her sister-in-law was greeted by the public with the shouts "Welcome, Darling Augusta!" Within the circles of the royal court and nobility, Marie was viewed as a threat to the popular Louise Augusta, and was compared unfavorably with her. She was criticized at court for being too proud, of driving a wedge between the crown prince at the Augustenburg party, and of not being accommodating enough toward her sister-in-law. Marie, however,

2904-569: The queen as terrified of making the king or the public displeased with her, and therefore very anxious and hesitant to take initiatives. Queen Marie was regent of Denmark from 5 September 1814 to 1 June 1815, during the absence of her spouse in the Vienna Congress in Austria. Marie took her office as regent with ambition, and she was regarded to have performed her duties well during her regency. When she took her seat on her first day in

2970-452: The reasons for her reclusive lifestyle was reportedly the injury from her last childbirth, which evidently made it necessary for her to move about more carefully. In 1822–24, Marie anonymously published the genealogy Supplement-Tafeln zu Joh. Hubners genealogischen Tabellen , a genealogy with historical notes. Reportedly, she kept a diary since her wedding and wrote her memoirs with support of it, but as she had ordered it burnt in her will, it

3036-420: The regency, she read aloud her own Exposé de la situation politique du Danemarc as her opening speech, a summary of the Danish foreign policy since 1807, which had placed Denmark-Norway, as an ally of Napoleon, in the difficult situation it was in 1814, and an analysis of the political condition of Denmark. By doing so she voiced concerns widely felt in Denmark at the time, where there was great discontent with

3102-452: The royal household. They were much younger than the queen's two surviving daughters. One such foster child of hers was the future Christian IX of Denmark , born in 1818. Christian of Lyksborg and his wife Louise of Hesse-Kassel named their second daughter, Marie Sophie Frederikke Dagmar of Lyksborg (born 1847), in the queen's honor as her namesake. After her death in 1852, that girl became Tsarina Maria Fedorovna of Russia, preserving there

3168-577: The side of the crown prince when she might have been expected to be, as she abhorred representational duties. In 1805, the crown prince couple moved to Kiel to be close to the border during because of the threatening proximity of Napoleon in Germany, and Marie was to remain there until 1809. She enjoyed the years in Kiel very much: court life and representation was reduced, she was able to visit her parents in Gottorp and Louisenlund, and she referred to

3234-836: The small Hesse-Kassel. Her mother was the third and youngest daughter of King Frederick V of Denmark-Norway and his consort, Louise of Great Britain . As such, she was the niece of King Christian VII and the Prince Regent Frederick , as well as their first cousin. She was born in Hanau, but was raised in Slesvig in Denmark-Norway from 1769, when her father was appointed governor of the Danish duchies. Marie spent her early life in Gottorp Castle and at her mother's Danish country estate Louisenlund . Little

3300-425: The south side of Valby Langgade. The development consists of a total of 81 houses of which 77 are double houses and four are single houses. Each house contained originally two apartments, one for the owner and one for a tenant. Mandrup-Poulsen created seven different house types but all were white with red tile roofs and green window frames and fences. Most have details in red brick. The Danish Maritime Authority and

3366-447: The square. Vigerslev Allé extends west along the railway tracks from Enghavevej , at the border between Vesterbro and Kongens Enghave , and passes Toftegårds Plads before turning into Allingevej at the intersection with Hvidovrevej further west. Gammel Køge Landevej extends south and forms part of the secondary route 151. The White Houses in Valby ( Danish : Den Hvide By i Valby ), also known as Trekanten ( lit. "The Triangle"),

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3432-400: The summer of 1793, and has described Marie as a lovable young child. Crown Princess Marie was put under immense pressure to produce a male heir to the throne, as the main line of the royal family was in danger of being extinguished. She gave birth to son who died in 1791, and lost several children in the following years, with only two daughters alive, who were not considered suitable heirs to

3498-553: The throne because of their gender. She accepted the death of her children with the words "God's will be done" and expressed herself happy with the children who did live, and her humble and brave attitude during her childbirths was admired and contributed to defeat the hostility at court voiced by the Reventlow-Bernstorft-Schimmelmann-Party, and replaced it with admiration. As for the relationship with Frederick, Marie described herself privately to

3564-778: The undeveloped areas outside the center. This movement came first to the inner ring of areas outside the center: the Indre Østerbro ("Inner Østerbro"), the Indre Nørrebro ("Inner Nørrebro"), Vesterbro, and Frederiksberg. At that time the name Vesterbro began being used for the entire area around the street named Vesterbro, and late in the 1800s the name of the street itself was changed to Vesterbrogade ("Vesterbro Street"). 55°40′02″N 12°33′18″E  /  55.66722°N 12.55500°E  / 55.66722; 12.55500 Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel Marie Sophie Frederikke of Hesse-Kassel (28 October 1767 – 21/22 March 1852)

3630-526: The western boundary of the district, from Gammel Køge Landevej in the south to Roskildevej at the Damhus Lake with the Damhus Meadow in the north. The Carlsberg area also contains two historic gardens one of which is now open to the public. Some major plans for the Valby district include: Valby is well served by S-trains . Valby station is centrally located next to Toftegårds Plads . It

3696-420: The wife of Christian Ditlev Frederik Reventlow as "the happiest of wives". During the fire of Christiansborg Palace in 1794, Andreas Peter Bernstorff described Marie in a letter: Marie eventually became popular within the small circle of people who came to know her, but her reserved nature did not make her popular among the wider court or public and she was disliked for not being seen very often in public by

3762-570: The years in Kiel as a paradise. In 1808, the burghers of Kiel built a pavilion and presented it to Marie as a gift. In 1808, Frederick became king, and Marie queen. On 31 October 1809, she made her second official entry to Copenhagen, this time as queen, an occasion which has been described as a moment when her personal popularity among the public was demonstrated. During her husband's last years as crown prince, he often spent long periods in Copenhagen while she remained in Kiel, and these years created

3828-525: Was Queen of Denmark and Norway by marriage to Frederick VI . She served as regent of Denmark during the absence of her spouse in 1814–1815. Marie was the eldest child of Landgrave Charles of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Louise of Denmark . Her father was the second son of the ruler of Hesse-Kassel , and as such, had no principality of his own. Thus he acted in such positions as were offered to cadet members of royal houses by their reigning relatives. Denmark-Norway offered more and better positions than

3894-481: Was a literary person, attracted many artists to the circle of the queen. As queen she is described as serene, peaceful and dignified. Elise Bernstorff, married to minister Christian August Bernstorff described Marie in 1810: She was nevertheless known to be strict in regards to etiquette and protocol. Among her closest friends were the courtier Rantzau Breitenburg, who commented about their friendship, that she viewed him as her confessor. Rantzau Breitenburg described

3960-490: Was also fascinated by dreams. Marie was later to describe her childhood as happy, and often expressed that she missed the idyll of her childhood home and longed to visit it. After crown prince Frederick was declared of legal majority and resumed the regency in 1784, the Danish royal court started to make inquiries to arrange a marriage for him. Marie was among the candidates for the marriage, and described as literary interested, and reported to have composed poetry and have made

4026-404: Was closed in 1864 when the second main station in Copenhagen opened and the railway was rerouted through Frederiksberg railway station instead. During the construction of the new railway, when the tracks were dug through Valby Hill, a natural spring was discovered. This attracted the brew master J. C. Jacobsen to the site and he founded his Carlsberg Brewery in 1847 on the eastern slopes of

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4092-409: Was constructed from 1699 to 1703 atop Valby Hill as a new summer residence for King Frederick IV . The royal presence in the area brought along more activity in the village. It is said that Queen Marie Sophie , consort of King Frederick VI , often rode through Valby, handing out candy to the children. In 1721, the king granted the community new trading privileges and a Rytterskole , a precursor of

4158-407: Was greeted with great enthusiasm by the public, as she was regarded as completely Danish and not a foreigner, and she was referred to as a daughter of the nation. Her official entrance into Copenhagen on 14 September 1790 was described as a triumph. The occasion was used by writers and the press to celebrate not only Marie, but also Frederick's enlightened rule and popularity, for which his marriage

4224-419: Was succeeded by his cousin, Christian VIII of Denmark . The only surviving children of King Frederick VI and Queen Marie were their two daughters: Queen Marie lamented her lack of sons and grandchildren. When her youngest sister, Duchess Louise Caroline of Lyksborg , became a widow when most of her large brood of children were as yet very young, Queen Marie accepted some of the younger ones into her tutelage in

4290-469: Was taken as another proof because of Marie's status as a Dane. A known poem, Heibergs Indtogsvise, praised the marriage because "Frederick had chosen his bride among the daughters of the nation". Crown Princess Marie was described as shy and reserved, particularly as she did not master the Danish language , and her shyness was interpreted as haughtiness, while her sister-in-law Louise Augusta continued to be

4356-473: Was widowed in 1839. As a widow, she retired from public life to a peaceful existence divided by Fredericksburg and Amalienborg, respected as a symbol of the former dynasty line. Reportedly, she was a stranger to politics during her later life, but the strife between the branches of the family during the succession crisis and the rebellion in Holstein pained her. Marie could not understand the split caused by

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