The Valiant Universe is the fictional shared universe where most stories in American comic book titles that are published by Valiant Comics take place.
98-597: The majority of the characters within said universe were created by Jim Shooter , and Bob Layton , the founders of the publisher. Valiant superheroes such as Bloodshot , Shadowman , Rai , X-O Manowar , Archer & Armstrong , Gilad the Eternal Warrior , Doctor Mirage , and Ninjak are from this universe, and it also contains well-known supervillains such as the Spider Aliens, Toyo Harada , Mothergod , and Roku . Jim Shooter's original vision for
196-403: A = x b {\displaystyle x_{a}=x_{b}} , thus the interval Δ t ′ = t b ′ − t a ′ {\displaystyle \Delta t^{\prime }=t_{b}^{\prime }-t_{a}^{\prime }} is given by: where Δ t is the time interval between two co-local events (i.e. happening at
294-473: A slower rate than their own local clock, due to them both measure the other to be the one that is in motion relative to their own stationary frame of reference. Common sense would dictate that, if the passage of time has slowed for a moving object, said object would observe the external world's time to be correspondingly sped up. Counterintuitively, special relativity predicts the opposite. When two observers are in motion relative to each other, each will measure
392-515: A chance to again write the Legion of Super-Heroes, now in their own book, Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes . However, his relationships with both Superman editor Julius Schwartz and Legion editor Murray Boltinoff were unpleasant, and Shooter claims that for varying reasons the two editors forced him to do a number of unnecessary rewrites. In December 1975, Marvel editor-in-chief Marv Wolfman called to offer him an editorial position. In
490-493: A child, though he stopped when he was about eight years old. His interest in the medium was rekindled in 1963, at the age of twelve, through the comics in the children's ward of a hospital where he stayed after undergoing minor surgery. He was impressed with the style of Marvel Comics, which had only begun publication two years earlier. Thinking that if he learned to write the types of stories that Marvel published, he would be an asset to DC Comics – whose books, Shooter felt, "needed
588-449: A clock that is moving relative to the observer will be measured to tick more slowly than a clock at rest in the observer's frame of reference. This is sometimes called special relativistic time dilation. The faster the relative velocity , the greater the time dilation between them, with time slowing to a stop as one clock approaches the speed of light (299,792,458 m/s). In theory, time dilation would make it possible for passengers in
686-425: A fast-moving vehicle to advance into the future in a short period of their own time. With sufficiently high speeds, the effect would be dramatic. For example, one year of travel might correspond to ten years on Earth. Indeed, a constant 1 g acceleration would permit humans to travel through the entire known Universe in one human lifetime. With current technology severely limiting the velocity of space travel,
784-460: A franchise from Bloodshot , acknowledging that Vin Diesel will play a large role in the future of the planned film series. In November 2020, a Bloodshot sequel was officially announced as being in development, with Diesel intended to reprise his role. By December of the same year, Diesel confirmed his involvement with the project. Jim Shooter James Shooter (born September 27, 1951)
882-453: A general standpoint X-O Manowar Armor is sentient in its own way, and is regarded as living armor that can bond with the user's body, even after death. In the year of 4000 A.D. the entire nation of Japan is in rotating orbit while being covered by a massive robot known as the Host. The superhero Rai is an entity that is created by Grandmother—a sentient artificial intelligence —whose mission
980-556: A larger staff to turn out material. On January 2, 1976, Shooter joined the Marvel staff as an assistant editor and writer. With the quick turnover at the top, Shooter rapidly found himself rising in the ranks, and on the first working day of January 1978, he succeeded Archie Goodwin to become Marvel's ninth editor-in-chief. During this period, publisher Stan Lee relocated to Los Angeles to better oversee Marvel's animation, television and film projects, leaving Shooter largely in charge of
1078-408: A light pulse is bouncing. The separation of the mirrors is L and the clock ticks once each time the light pulse hits mirror A . In the frame in which the clock is at rest (see left part of the diagram), the light pulse traces out a path of length 2 L and the time period between the ticks of the clock Δ t {\displaystyle \Delta t} is equal to 2 L divided by
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#17327828039851176-580: A major publisher; other Marvel titles, such as Marvel Fanfare and Ka-Zar , soon followed. Later that same year, Shooter wrote Marvel Treasury Edition No. 28 which featured the second Superman and Spider-Man intercompany crossover . Additionally in 1981, Shooter was recognized as one of six "New Yorkers of the Year" by the New York chapter of the JayCees , for his "contributions toward revitalizing
1274-672: A means of helping economically. Shooter reflected in a 2010 interview: My family needed the money. I was doing this to save the house; my father had a beat-up old car and the engine died – this is before I started working for DC – and that first check bought a rebuilt engine for his car so he didn't have to walk to work anymore. I was doing this because I had to, working my way through high school to help keep my family alive. At 14, Shooter began selling stories to DC Comics, writing for both Action Comics and Adventure Comics , beginning with Adventure Comics No. 346 (July 1966), and providing pencil breakdowns as well. With considerable study of
1372-415: A moving clock (i.e. Doppler effect ), the observer will measure the moving clock as ticking more slowly than a clock at rest in the observer's own reference frame . There is a difference between observed and measured relativistic time dilation - the observer does not visually perceive time dilation in the same way that they measure it. In addition, a clock that is close to a massive body (and which therefore
1470-613: A number of long-time Marvel creators by insisting on strong editorial control and strict adherence to deadlines. Although he instituted an art-return program, and implemented a policy giving creators royalties when their books passed certain sales benchmarks or when characters they worked on were licensed as toys, Shooter occasionally found himself in well-publicized conflicts with some writers and artists. Creators such as Steve Gerber , Marv Wolfman, Gene Colan , John Byrne , and Doug Moench left to work for DC (Encouraged by its new publisher, Jenette Kahn , aggressively taking advantage of
1568-421: A planned self-publishing, Daring Comics, with a projected eight titles including Anomalies and Rathh of God , with artist Joe James scheduled to draw at least one. Shooter returned to Valiant, by now called Acclaim Comics , briefly in 1999 to write Unity 2000 (an attempt to combine and revitalize the older and newer Valiant Universes ) but Acclaim went out of business after the completion of only three of
1666-496: A regular position on Legion , and wanted Shooter to come to New York to spend a couple of days in his office. Shooter, who was 14 and lived in Pittsburgh, had to wait until school was in recess, after which he went to New York with his mother, spurred in part by the need to support his financially struggling parents. According to Shooter, his father earned very little as a steelworker, and Shooter saw comic-book writing as
1764-462: A somewhat similar way to how Dr. Manhattan would be utilized by DC Comics to restart the DC Universe many years later, after being acquired from Alan Moore .) There were also several changes of publishing ownership that would cause several relaunches of the entire Valiant line after 1996. Therefore, each relaunch could be seen as its own separate universe in a sense. This particular article
1862-515: A standard assumption and is usually included in the axioms of special relativity, especially in light of experimental verification up to very high accelerations in particle accelerators . Gravitational time dilation is experienced by an observer that, at a certain altitude within a gravitational potential well, finds that their local clocks measure less elapsed time than identical clocks situated at higher altitude (and which are therefore at higher gravitational potential). Gravitational time dilation
1960-537: A toy promotion. ... Shooter turned it into a way to reshape the Marvel Universe in his image. Shooter was fired from Marvel on April 15, 1987. Shooter and his investors then founded a new company, Voyager Communications, which published comics under the Valiant Comics banner, entering the market in 1989 with comics based on Nintendo and WWF licensed characters. Two years later Valiant entered
2058-654: Is a long-standing tradition for comic book writers and publishers to create costumed superheroes, Valiant could be regarded as an antithesis to that in a certain way. Reason being is that the majority of the characters existing in the Valiant Universe are simply metahumans , well-known human beings with extranormal powers and abilities. Despite that the Valiant Universe primarily eschews costumes and secret identities, several exceptions to this are Ninjak , Doctor Tomorrow , Doctor Solar , and even X-O Manowar to some extent. The notable distinction regarding time within
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#17327828039852156-489: Is an American writer, editor and publisher for various comic books. He started professionally in the medium at the age of 14, and is known for his successful and controversial run as Marvel Comics ' ninth editor-in-chief, and his work as editor in chief of Valiant Comics . Jim Shooter was born in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , to parents Ken and Eleanor "Ellie" Shooter, who are of Polish descent. Shooter read comics as
2254-459: Is an attempt to highlight notable distinctions, events, and transitions taking place within each relaunch. In general, the Valiant Universe is considered by some to be a " multiverse ", composed of three alternate timelines . Published by Valiant Comics in August 1992, Unity is the first-ever company-wide crossover story. Unity was conceived of by Jim Shooter due to his desire to revolutionize
2352-420: Is at lower gravitational potential) will record less elapsed time than a clock situated farther from the same massive body (and which is at a higher gravitational potential). These predictions of the theory of relativity have been repeatedly confirmed by experiment, and they are of practical concern, for instance in the operation of satellite navigation systems such as GPS and Galileo . Time dilation by
2450-476: Is at play e.g. for ISS astronauts. While the astronauts' relative velocity slows down their time, the reduced gravitational influence at their location speeds it up, although to a lesser degree. Also, a climber's time is theoretically passing slightly faster at the top of a mountain compared to people at sea level. It has also been calculated that due to time dilation, the core of the Earth is 2.5 years younger than
2548-775: Is currently available in real life. However, it is likely used exclusively among certain chosen individuals and organizations. The Harbinger Foundation, a well-known non-profit organization ran by Harada, provides facilities that train psionic people to reach their full potential serving his purpose. In the Original Valiant continuity, Harada and the Harbinger Foundation is opposed by the Omen Corporation, an organization that utilizes experimental brain implants , which give copied Harbinger-like abilities to its H.A.R.D. Corps team members. Unfortunately,
2646-475: Is evident within the original launch of the universe, given the revelation that Rai's traditional "white skin with red dots" image was created by Grandmother to honor the heroism of Angelo Mortalli , the original Bloodshoot. It is also revealed that Takao Konishi (the 44th Rai) even has Mortalli's nanite powered "Blood of Heroes" in his veins, granting him some of Bloodshot's memories and all of his powers. The blood and memories were also passed down to Konishi's son,
2744-462: Is seen as a rare move in the business as publishers typically launch comic books with their own original characters created by work-for-hire writers and artists under their employ. A third Gold Key acquisition, Turok , also became a noteworthy part of the Valiant Universe. Magnus, Solar, and Turok are no longer characters published under the Valiant banner as in 2013 Dynamite Entertainment acquired
2842-515: Is the assumption that the rate at which a clock is affected by time dilation does not depend on its acceleration but only on its instantaneous velocity. This is equivalent to stating that a clock moving along a path P {\displaystyle P} measures the proper time , defined by: The clock hypothesis was implicitly (but not explicitly) included in Einstein's original 1905 formulation of special relativity. Since then, it has become
2940-464: Is the ct-axis, the worldline of B intersecting f is parallel to the ct-axis, and the worldline of C is the ct′-axis. All events simultaneous with d in S are on the x-axis, in S′ on the x′-axis. The proper time between two events is indicated by a clock present at both events. It is invariant, i.e., in all inertial frames it is agreed that this time is indicated by that clock. Interval df is, therefore,
3038-422: Is the difference in elapsed time as measured by two clocks, either because of a relative velocity between them ( special relativity ), or a difference in gravitational potential between their locations ( general relativity ). When unspecified, "time dilation" usually refers to the effect due to velocity. After compensating for varying signal delays resulting from the changing distance between an observer and
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3136-493: Is the extensive usage of time travel among certain characters. Time travel in this universe is done by several means, including moving faster than the speed of light. Time dilation also takes place during X-O Manowar 's enslavement on the Spider Alien's ship. While only a few years passed relative to Aric, sixteen centuries passed on Earth. Technology within the Valiant Universe is generally more advanced than that which
3234-442: Is to protect both Japan and itself. Part of the process for a human being to receive the mantle of Rai requires the candidate to shed a portion of their own blood in order to make room for the unstable nanite blood. The genesis of the Valiant Universe came about in 1991, after Valiant Comics acquired and relaunched two characters from Gold Key Comics . The two characters are Magnus Robot Fighter , and Doctor Solar . Even today, this
3332-538: The Uncanny X-Men , Byrne's work on Fantastic Four , Frank Miller 's series of Daredevil stories, Walt Simonson 's crafting of Norse mythology with the Marvel Universe in Thor , and Roger Stern 's runs on both Avengers and The Amazing Spider-Man . In 1981, Shooter brought Marvel into the lucrative comic book specialty shop market with Dazzler #1. Featuring a disco-themed heroine with ties to
3430-534: The Lorentz factor was predicted by several authors at the turn of the 20th century. Joseph Larmor (1897) wrote that, at least for those orbiting a nucleus, individual electrons describe corresponding parts of their orbits in times shorter for the [rest] system in the ratio: 1 − v 2 c 2 {\textstyle {\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}} . Emil Cohn (1904) specifically related this formula to
3528-494: The X-Men (based upon an unmade film set to star Bo Derek ), the first issue of this series was sold only through specialty stores , bypassing the then-standard newsstand/ spinner rack distribution route altogether, as recognition by Marvel of the growing comics shop sector. Subsequent issues of Dazzler , however, were sold through newsstand [returnable] accounts as well. Dazzler was the first direct sales-only ongoing series from
3626-491: The crossover concept in comics, much like the Secret Wars crossover storyline he created during his tenure at Marvel Comics . The entire "Unity" storyline consists of eighteen issues across nine comic book titles, running from August to September 1992. Additionally, Unity served as a launchpad for several spin-off titles, further expanding the Valiant Universe. Unity 2000 is the name of an Acclaim mini-series , which
3724-498: The crust . "A clock used to time a full rotation of the Earth will measure the day to be approximately an extra 10 ns/day longer for every km of altitude above the reference geoid." Travel to regions of space where extreme gravitational time dilation is taking place, such as near (but not beyond the event horizon of) a black hole , could yield time-shifting results analogous to those of near-lightspeed space travel. Contrarily to velocity time dilation, in which both observers measure
3822-632: The "real world" itself. There are ironically several parallels to the floating timeline plot device. The Lost Lands is a hostile place where time barely moves forward, while millions of years pass outside of it. This is due to a cosmic anomaly , truly making the Lost Lands "a place where time has no meaning." Gilad The Eternal Warrior and his foe, the Immortal Enemy are both ageless, virtually immortal, and having lived many lifetimes. However as with most fictional stories and universes, there
3920-490: The 45th Rai. However, this connection between Rai and Bloodshot does not exist in the Acclaim Entertainment Universe, or in the 2012 Valiant Universe. Another unusual distinction in the Valiant Universe is that there is little comic book death , and Valiant characters tend to remain deceased. The prime example of this would the superhero Rai, an entity that continues over many generations. Whenever
4018-555: The Greek letter gamma or γ) is: Thus the duration of the clock cycle of a moving clock is found to be increased: it is measured to be "running slow". The range of such variances in ordinary life, where v ≪ c , even considering space travel, are not great enough to produce easily detectable time dilation effects and such vanishingly small effects can be safely ignored for most purposes. As an approximate threshold, time dilation may become important when an object approaches speeds on
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4116-539: The Schwarzschild metric, the interval d t E {\displaystyle dt_{\text{E}}} is given by: where: The coordinate velocity of the clock is given by: The coordinate time t c {\displaystyle t_{c}} is the time that would be read on a hypothetical "coordinate clock" situated infinitely far from all gravitational masses ( U = 0 {\displaystyle U=0} ), and stationary in
4214-809: The Superman villain the Parasite in Action Comics No. 340 (Aug. 1966). Shooter and artist Curt Swan devised the first race between the Flash and Superman , two characters known for their super-speed powers , in "Superman's Race with the Flash!" in Superman No. 199 (Aug. 1967). Shooter wrote the first issue of Captain Action (Oct.-Nov. 1968), which was DC's first toy tie-in . In 1969 Shooter
4312-593: The Valiant Universe was likely similar to the New Universe vision he had during his tenure at Marvel Comics : a more realistic setting, involving fewer mythological concepts. A further distinction from most fictional universes in comics, particularly both the Marvel Universe and DC Universe , the actions and appearances of one Valiant character in one specific title may have visible and possibly lasting effects on another character from another title. This
4410-419: The Valiant Universe, is that a considerable amount of the stories often take place spanning several generations and even centuries. As a result, there is little to no use of the " floating timeline " plot device , which can be considered as a tradition in fictional universes. The lack of a floating timeline was likely decided due to the original vision of establishing a fictional universe that could be viewed like
4508-571: The ability to detect combat situations. As a side effect, the individual's skin becomes paler, to the point of chalk-white, and their eyes turn red. IN the Original Valiant continuity, this particular nanotechnology was first utilized on Angelo Mortalli , before being stolen and passed over to the Rai lineage, which would then be used in traditions throughout the coming centuries. Robots, computers, and even armor can have self-awareness and superior intelligence when they are created as sentient beings . From
4606-415: The brain implant technology was ironically stolen from the Harbinger Foundation by the Omen Corporation. Technology is also very prominent by way of ‘’Nanites/Nanite Blood/Blood of Heroes,’’ which is a form of nanomachines originally used by a secret military organization known as Project Rising Spirit. The nanomachines provide a person enhanced strength, agility, speed, durability, accelerated healing, and
4704-572: The comics industry and helping Marvel Comics achieve a new pinnacle of success." Shooter also institutionalized creator royalties, starting the Epic imprint for creator-owned material in 1982; introduced company-wide crossover events , with Marvel Super Hero Contest of Champions and Secret Wars ; and launched a new, albeit ultimately unsuccessful, line named New Universe , to commemorate Marvel's 25th anniversary, in 1986. Despite his success in revitalizing Marvel, Shooter angered and alienated
4802-588: The company's comics in the Valiant style. Occasionally over the years, Shooter was required to fill in as penciller on various books he wrote and/or oversaw as editor. During his period as Valiant's publisher, money and talent were often at a premium, and Shooter was sporadically forced to pencil a story. To conceal this fact, he drew under the pseudonym of Paul Creddick , which is the name of his brother-in-law. After being ousted from Valiant in 1992, Shooter and several of his co-workers went on to found Defiant Comics in early 1993. Despite some initial success with
4900-414: The company. According to Shooter's plot, at the end of the crossover, VH-0 was destroyed and most of its characters were killed. VH-1 and VH-2 would then fuse together into a new universe. However, Acclaim continued to suffer losses on their video games while the series suffered a number of administrative problems (art return and issues with Jim not being paid) and were forced to cancel the series after only
4998-648: The consideration of the combined effects of mass and motion in producing time dilation. Practical examples include the International Atomic Time standard and its relationship with the Barycentric Coordinate Time standard used for interplanetary objects. Relativistic time dilation effects for the solar system and the Earth can be modeled very precisely by the Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equations. In
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#17327828039855096-478: The creative decision-making at Marvel's New York City headquarters. Although there were complaints among some that Shooter imposed a dictatorial style on the "Bullpen", he cured many of the procedural ills at Marvel, successfully managed to keep the line of books on schedule (ending the widespread practice of missed deadlines), added new titles, and developed new talent. Shooter in his nine-year tenure as editor-in-chief oversaw Chris Claremont and John Byrne 's run on
5194-408: The creative people treated with more respect, got us sent to conventions first-class with our ways paid, and we thought the world of him. Then his Secret Wars was a big hit, and after that he decided he knew everything and he started changing everybody's stuff. John Byrne said similarly: Shooter came along just when Marvel needed him — but he stayed too long. Having fixed just about everything that
5292-500: The current Rai dies, another person is chosen to take on the mantle. Another prime example would be Doctor Solar's girlfriend, who has remained deceased even though the universal reboots and relaunches. In contrast to this, several heroes in the Valiant Universe such as Doctor Solar, and the Eternal Warrior are virtually immortal. Other notable characters, such as Doctor Solar , and the Geomancers possess long lifespans. Although it
5390-515: The differences experienced in practice are minuscule. After 6 months on the International Space Station (ISS), orbiting Earth at a speed of about 7,700 m/s, an astronaut would have aged about 0.005 seconds less than he would have on Earth. The cosmonauts Sergei Krikalev and Sergey Avdeev both experienced time dilation of about 20 milliseconds compared to time that passed on Earth. Time dilation can be inferred from
5488-595: The fact that situation is not symmetric. The twin staying on Earth is in a single inertial frame, and the traveling twin is in two different inertial frames: one on the way out and another on the way back. See also Twin paradox § Role of acceleration . In the Minkowski diagram from the first image on the right, clock C resting in inertial frame S′ meets clock A at d and clock B at f (both resting in S). All three clocks simultaneously start to tick in S. The worldline of A
5586-429: The fact that the moving observer's period of the clock Δ t ′ {\displaystyle \Delta t'} is longer than the period Δ t {\displaystyle \Delta t} in the frame of the clock itself. The Lorentz factor gamma ( γ ) is defined as Because all clocks that have a common period in the resting frame should have a common period when observed from
5684-828: The film, and with many studio projects on hold or rescheduled due to the COVID-19 pandemic , the status of an Eternal Warrior movie is unclear. In 2018, Bat in the Sun made a live action Ninjak web series titled Ninjak vs. the Valiant Universe with Michael Rowe portraying the character. The series also stars Alex Meglei and Kevin Porter as Archer & Armstrong , Ciera Foster as Livewire , Jason David Frank as Bloodshot , John Morrison as Eternal Warrior , Derek Theler as X-O Manowar , Chantelle Barry as Roku, Tatiana DeKhtyar as Colonel Capshaw, Damion Poitier as Shadowman and Nicola Posener as Agent Vivien. In April 2018,
5782-422: The first title, the new company failed to secure an audience in the increasingly crowded direct sales market and went out of business after thirteen months of publishing. In 1995, Shooter founded Broadway Comics , which was an offshoot of Broadway Video , the production company that produces Saturday Night Live , but this line ended after its parent sold the properties to Golden Books . In 1998, he spoke of
5880-507: The following formulas hold: Position: Velocity: Proper time as function of coordinate time: In the case where v (0) = v 0 = 0 and τ (0) = τ 0 = 0 the integral can be expressed as a logarithmic function or, equivalently, as an inverse hyperbolic function : As functions of the proper time τ {\displaystyle \tau } of the ship, the following formulae hold: Position: Velocity: Coordinate time as function of proper time: The clock hypothesis
5978-500: The help" – Shooter spent about a year reading and studying comics from both companies. At age 13, in mid-1965, Shooter wrote and drew stories featuring the Legion of Super-Heroes , and sent them in to DC Comics . On February 10, 1966, he received a phone call from Mort Weisinger , who wanted to purchase the stories Shooter had sent, and commissioned Shooter to write Supergirl and Superman stories. Weisinger eventually offered Shooter
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#17327828039856076-461: The lawsuit against Shooter. He subsequently wrote the relaunched Magnus: Robotfighter , Turok and Dr. Solar series as well as Mighty Samson , another Gold Key character (that had not been picked up by Valiant Comics), for Dark Horse, beginning in 2010. As of 2023, Shooter still works as consulting editor and freelance writer for custom comics company Illustrated Media. As writer unless otherwise noted. Time dilation Time dilation
6174-424: The light clock used above, the formula for time dilation can be more generally derived from the temporal part of the Lorentz transformation . Let there be two events at which the moving clock indicates t a {\displaystyle t_{a}} and t b {\displaystyle t_{b}} , thus: Since the clock remains at rest in its inertial frame, it follows x
6272-539: The light pulse to trace its path is given by: The length of the half path can be calculated as a function of known quantities as: Elimination of the variables D and L from these three equations results in: Δ t ′ = Δ t 1 − v 2 c 2 = γ Δ t {\displaystyle \Delta t'={\frac {\Delta t}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}={\gamma }{\Delta t}} which expresses
6370-410: The mid-1970s, Marvel Comics was undergoing a series of changes in the position of editor-in-chief. After Roy Thomas stepped down from the post to focus on writing, a succession of other editors, including Len Wein , Marv Wolfman, Gerry Conway , and Archie Goodwin , took the job during a relatively short span of time, only to find the task too daunting as Marvel continued to grow and add new titles and
6468-403: The moving frame, all other clocks—mechanical, electronic, optical (such as an identical horizontal version of the clock in the example)—should exhibit the same velocity-dependent time dilation. Given a certain frame of reference, and the "stationary" observer described earlier, if a second observer accompanied the "moving" clock, each of the observers would measure the other's clock as ticking at
6566-513: The moving observer's perspective. That is to say, as measured in a frame moving relative to the local clock, this clock will be running (that is ticking) more slowly, since tick rate equals one over the time period between ticks 1/ Δ t ′ {\displaystyle \Delta t'} . Straightforward application of the Pythagorean theorem leads to the well-known prediction of special relativity: The total time for
6664-464: The observed constancy of the speed of light in all reference frames dictated by the second postulate of special relativity . This constancy of the speed of light means that, counter to intuition, the speeds of material objects and light are not additive. It is not possible to make the speed of light appear greater by moving towards or away from the light source. Consider then, a simple vertical clock consisting of two mirrors A and B , between which
6762-515: The opportunity) or other companies. During Shooter's tenure, he enforced a policy forbidding the portrayal of gay characters in the Marvel universe. According to John Byrne , he initially had to conceal Northstar 's sexuality, since Shooter personally told him that portraying a gay character would not be allowed. Marvel nonetheless published the first gay-themed story by a mainstream comics publisher during this time, written by Shooter himself; in it, two gay men attempt to rape Bruce Banner in
6860-509: The order of 30,000 km/s (1/10 the speed of light). In special relativity, time dilation is most simply described in circumstances where relative velocity is unchanging. Nevertheless, the Lorentz equations allow one to calculate proper time and movement in space for the simple case of a spaceship which is applied with a force per unit mass, relative to some reference object in uniform (i.e. constant velocity) motion, equal to g throughout
6958-406: The other as aging slower (a reciprocal effect), gravitational time dilation is not reciprocal. This means that with gravitational time dilation both observers agree that the clock nearer the center of the gravitational field is slower in rate, and they agree on the ratio of the difference. High-accuracy timekeeping, low-Earth-orbit satellite tracking, and pulsar timing are applications that require
7056-461: The other's clock slowing down, in concordance with them being in motion relative to the observer's frame of reference. While this seems self-contradictory, a similar oddity occurs in everyday life. If two persons A and B observe each other from a distance, B will appear small to A, but at the same time, A will appear small to B. Being familiar with the effects of perspective , there is no contradiction or paradox in this situation. The reciprocity of
7154-424: The period of measurement. Let t be the time in an inertial frame subsequently called the rest frame. Let x be a spatial coordinate, and let the direction of the constant acceleration as well as the spaceship's velocity (relative to the rest frame) be parallel to the x -axis. Assuming the spaceship's position at time t = 0 being x = 0 and the velocity being v 0 and defining the following abbreviation:
7252-417: The phenomenon also leads to the so-called twin paradox where the aging of twins, one staying on Earth and the other embarking on space travel, is compared, and where the reciprocity suggests that both persons should have the same age when they reunite. On the contrary, at the end of the round-trip, the traveling twin will be younger than the sibling on Earth. The dilemma posed by the paradox can be explained by
7350-495: The planned six issues. In 2003, Jim Shooter joined custom comics company Illustrated Media as creative director and editor in chief. In 2005, former Marvel Comics letterer Denise Wohl approached Shooter to create Seven , a series based on the Kabbalah . Writer Shooter created a team of seven characters, one from each continent, who are brought together in New York because they share a higher consciousness. The project, which
7448-510: The post and return home to Pittsburgh. After leaving Marvel, Shooter took up work in advertising concepts, writing, and illustration for several years, supporting himself through an assortment of menial jobs during periods when advertising work was unavailable. An interview for a Legion of Super-Heroes fanzine led to his again applying to both Marvel and DC. Though both companies offered him work, Shooter opted to return to DC because they had offered him more prestigious assignments: Superman and
7546-459: The proper time of clock C, and is shorter with respect to the coordinate times ef=dg of clocks B and A in S. Conversely, also proper time ef of B is shorter with respect to time if in S′, because event e was measured in S′ already at time i due to relativity of simultaneity, long before C started to tick. From that it can be seen, that the proper time between two events indicated by an unaccelerated clock present at both events, compared with
7644-652: The publication of new series based on Gold Key Comics characters from the Silver Age of Comic Books , such as Turok , Doctor Solar , and Magnus: Robot Fighter , and write some of them as well. Valiant sued Shooter over his moving to write the Gold Key characters for Dark Horse as they expected to get the rights and that he interfered with their ability to license the Key characters by indicating that he would write them for Dark Horse. As of January 2010, Valiant had given up
7742-405: The publishing rights. These characters, however, left a lasting impact on the overall legacy of Valiant. In the early years, the Valiant Universe was largely expanded by way of Magnus and Solar since a number of characters emerged as spin-offs from these titles, such as Rai, the Spider Aliens, The Eternal Warrior, and Erica Pierce. Storyline-wise, Solar was used to restart the Valiant Universe (In
7840-450: The rate of clocks. In the context of special relativity it was shown by Albert Einstein (1905) that this effect concerns the nature of time itself, and he was also the first to point out its reciprocity or symmetry. Subsequently, Hermann Minkowski (1907) introduced the concept of proper time which further clarified the meaning of time dilation. Special relativity indicates that, for an observer in an inertial frame of reference ,
7938-426: The same place) for an observer in some inertial frame (e.g. ticks on their clock), known as the proper time , Δ t′ is the time interval between those same events, as measured by another observer, inertially moving with velocity v with respect to the former observer, v is the relative velocity between the observer and the moving clock, c is the speed of light, and the Lorentz factor (conventionally denoted by
8036-407: The series has been published. In September 2007, DC Comics announced that Shooter would be the new writer of the Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 5 series, beginning with issue #37. Shooter's return to the Legion , a little over 30 years from his previous run, was his first major published comic book work in years. Shooter co-created the new Legionnaire Gazelle with artist Francis Manapul while on
8134-539: The shower at the YMCA. The scene appeared in Rampaging Hulk magazine, #23. Comics historian Frederick Luis Aldama says that Marvel under Shooter's tenure "was widely considered homophobic." Roy Thomas, who left Marvel following a contract dispute with Shooter, reflected in 2005 on Shooter's editorial policies: When Jim Shooter took over, for better or worse he decided to rein things in – he wanted stories told
8232-487: The speed of light c : From the frame of reference of a moving observer traveling at the speed v relative to the resting frame of the clock (right part of diagram), the light pulse is seen as tracing out a longer, angled path 2 D . Keeping the speed of light constant for all inertial observers requires a lengthening (that is dilation) of the time period between the ticks of this clock Δ t ′ {\displaystyle \Delta t'} from
8330-613: The storylines and characters from the Original Valiant Universe (VH1, 1991–1996) to those from the Acclaim Valiant Universe (VH2, 1997–2000). Future Acclaim Valiant stories would have continued from where Unity 2000 ended, explaining the relationship between VH1 and VH2 stories. Shooter introduced another alternate universe , called VH-0 by fans. It was his vision of what the Valiant Universe would have been like, if he had been allowed to stay with
8428-544: The superhero market with a relaunch of the Gold Key Comics character Magnus, Robot Fighter . Another Gold Key character, Solar, Man of the Atom was also relaunched later in the same year. Shooter brought many of Marvel's creators to Valiant, including Bob Layton and Barry Windsor-Smith , as well as industry veterans such as Don Perlin . Valiant also established "knob row", in which creators were taught how to render
8526-429: The synchronized coordinate time measured in all other inertial frames, is always the minimal time interval between those events. However, the interval between two events can also correspond to the proper time of accelerated clocks present at both events. Under all possible proper times between two events, the proper time of the unaccelerated clock is maximal , which is the solution to the twin paradox . In addition to
8624-519: The third issue. The company folded shortly afterwards, and all comic assets were acquired and relaunch by then newly-formed Valiant Entertainment. In August 2017, Dave Bautista was announced to be in talks to play the Gilad the Eternal Warrior in a solo movie. The 2020 Bloodshot movie was meant to be the first of several films taking place in a shared Valiant Cinematic Universe that would include characters such as Gilad. After largely poor reception to
8722-404: The title. His run on the series ended with issue No. 49, one issue before the book was canceled. Shooter was hired by Valiant Entertainment, a company that bought Valiant's intellectual property in a bankruptcy auction of Acclaim Entertainment , to write from the end of 2008 into the summer of 2009. In July 2009 Dark Horse Comics announced at San Diego Comic-Con that Shooter would oversee
8820-408: The use of these abilities combined with the high possibility of sudden death brings a great amount of stress to the user's minds, slowly killing them. As a fail-safe procedure, the brain implants can be triggered to ignite and explode. This is done to ensure obedience from the team members, and to possibly maintain secrecy, should any of the members die or be captured in any manner. It is revealed that
8918-428: The way he wanted them told. It's not a matter of whether Jim Shooter was right or wrong; it's a matter of a different approach. He was editor-in-chief and had a right to impose what he wanted to. I thought it was kind of dumb, but I don't think Jim was dumb. I think the approach was wrong, and I don't think it really helped anything. John Romita Sr. said: Shooter had been great for the first two or three years. He got
9016-528: The web series was released as a single film on Valiant Comics' YouTube page on March 26, 2020 as promotion for Bloodshot , which is considered the first official film in the Valiant Cinematic Universe. In 2020, Valiant Comics has extended to cinematic format, with Bloodshot being the first-ever Valiant-based film. The plan is for the film to be the launch of a new shared cinematic universe of Valiant Comics superheroes, Bloodshot
9114-489: The writing style of DC Comics and of the recently rising Marvel Comics, Shooter created several characters for the Legion of Super-Heroes that benefited by him being one of the few writers at DC to understand the competitor's successful character-based narrative approach. This included Legionnaires Karate Kid , Ferro Lad , and Princess Projectra , as well as the villainous group known as the Fatal Five . He also created
9212-495: Was accepted into New York University , but after graduating from high school he successfully applied for a job at Marvel Comics. Unable to pursue both his studies and work for Marvel, he decided against going to New York University and quit working for DC as well. While at Marvel he worked as an editor and occasional co-plotter, taking his residence at the YMCA , but after only three weeks his financial situation compelled him to give up
9310-443: Was conceived to be followed by a sequel, two films based on the comic book series Harbinger , and then a crossover film titled Harbinger Wars . Though a Harbinger movie was initially scheduled to be the first installment in the franchise, development was delayed in favor of Bloodshot . In March 2020, director David S. F. Wilson stated that even though different film studios have distribution rights, Valiant still plans to build
9408-453: Was to be self-published by Wohl, was announced at the 2007 New York Comic Con , to debut in July of that year, and was projected to "evolve into television and film projects, video games, blogs, interactive Q&A, animation, trading cards, apparel, accessories, [and] school supplies." Wohl was to donate a portion of her proceeds to the "Spirituality for Kids Foundation." Only the first issue of
9506-425: Was written in the year of 1999 by Jim Shooter , penciled by Jim Starlin , and originally slated to run for six issues. This miniseries was Shooter's first story with Valiant characters since being fired from the company in the year of 1992. Seeing the changes and transitions made to the universe since he was fired from the publication, the purpose of the crossover was to briefly establish a " multiverse ," by combining
9604-472: Was wrong, he could not stop "fixing". Around the time I left to do Superman, I said that I thought Shooter and Dick Giordano should trade jobs — it was DC that needed fixing then -- and do so about every 5 years or so. Shooter had put Marvel into a place where all that was needed was a kindly father figure at the helm —- and that was not Shooter! ... Secret Wars ... was when the trouble really kicked into high gear. We must never forget that SECRET WARS began as
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