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44-540: The Valle-Inclán High School is a large eclectic and Art Nouveau building located in the city centre of Pontevedra , Spain. It is named after the writer Valle-Inclán who studied and lived in Pontevedra. Today it is the seat of the Valle-Inclán Secondary School and was the first and the only secondary school in the province of Pontevedra from 1845 to 1927. The school is located on

88-597: A fence for the use of the high school and another exit in the back corner where the tower in front of the Palm Trees Park is located. It has a basement, a ground floor and two upper floors. The decoration of the Bossages on the façades and the doorways of the art nouveau windows is remarkable, as is the decoration of the window Lintels and the Dormer windows in the central part of the roof. The decoration on

132-404: A centre of secondary education in each Spanish provincial capital. The Provincial Public High School of Secondary Education of Pontevedra was inaugurated on 19 November 1845 and its seat was established in the former Jesuit College , located in the building next to the church of Saint Bartholomew . In 1880, the school hosted part of the regional exhibition that took place in the city. In 1903 it

176-714: A competition was launched for the elaboration of the project. The Pontevedra City Council ceded the land annexed to the Ruins of the Saint Dominic Convent , which was partly occupied by the hospice on the site of the collapsed Dominican convent. With its construction, the great avenue of large official buildings of the Gran Vía was completed. In addition to the high school, the buildings of the Pontevedra Provincial Council Palace and

220-515: A foundation for new eclectic designs. Whilst the practise of this style of architecture was widespread (and could be seen in many town halls constructed at the time), eclecticism in Europe did not achieve the same level of enthusiasm that was seen in America – as it was assumed that the presence of old, authentic architecture, reduced the appeal of historical imitation in new buildings. The end of

264-462: A full-scale nuclear exchange was simply impossible as the destruction on both sides would be insurmountable. Towards the end of the Cold War, a period of détente culminated in the easing of tensions, bans on nuclear testing, and the destruction of various quantities of nuclear stockpiles. The Cold War began to come to an end in 1989 with the overthrow of Communist governments across Eastern Europe in

308-404: A large Art Nouveau skylight bearing the Pontevedra coat of arms , which allows access to the first floor and ends in front of the establishment's large conference room ( Paraninfo ). The building has several lateral staircases that connect to the different floors, which were originally made of wood and spiral . The composition of the building is symmetrical and regular, with the classrooms in

352-598: The Revolutions of 1989 which was followed shortly after by the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, leaving the United States the world's sole superpower. On 25 June 1950, after years of tension between communist North Korea and democratic South Korea , North Korea coordinated a series of surprise attacks against strategic points between the 38th parallel. Soon US-led United Nations forces joined

396-973: The capitalist and liberal "democratic" United States , the authoritarian and Communist Marxist–Leninist Soviet Union , and their respective allies: NATO and the Western Bloc for the United States, and the Warsaw Pact and the Eastern Bloc for the Soviet Union. Although both sides did not fight each other directly, both engaged through various proxy wars. At the height of the cold war, both superpowers manufactured and deployed thousands of nuclear weapons to target each other's key economic, military, and political centers. Each superpower's buildup and demonstration of nuclear strike capabilities lead to an unofficial military doctrine known as mutual assured destruction (MAD). The doctrine of MAD prompted leaders on both sides to believe that victory following

440-461: The old Normal School gave shape to this new official architecture of the last decades of the 19th century. The project by the architects Joaquín Rojí López-Calvo and José de Lorite Kramer was selected in July 1904, as stated in the minutes of the school. The work was put out to tender at a cost of 575,109.20 pesetas . The building consisted of two courtyards, chapel, library and laboratories. The work

484-596: The 1950s, African Americans faced discrimination and segregation throughout the United States, especially in the south where many could not even vote. In 1954, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Brown v. Board of Education that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. By the end of the 1950s, fewer than 10 percent of Black children in the South were attending integrated schools. The Vietnam War

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528-661: The 19th century saw a profound shift in North American Architecture. Architects educated at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris, such as Richard Morris Hunt and Charles Follen McKim were responsible for bringing the beaux-arts approach back from Europe, which was said to be the cornerstone of eclectic architecture in North America. At a time of increasing prosperity and commercial pride, many eclectic buildings were commissioned in large cities around

572-491: The Bank of Japan (1895) by Tatsuno Kingo . The so-called Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture , which added details from traditional Indian architecture , mostly Mughal architecture , to essentially Western forms of public buildings and palaces, was an inherently eclectic style. Most of the architects were British. As a style that offered so much creative freedom, and no guiding rules, the risk of creating an unsuccessful design

616-468: The USA. The style thrived, as it introduced historical features, previously only seen in the aristocratic architecture of European countries such as Britain and France, contributing to a richer sense of culture and history within the USA. In the case of Hunt and many other eclectic architects, his 'typically eclectic viewpoint' enabled him to make stylistic choices based on whatever suited the particular project or

660-563: The city's bourgeoisie at the end of the 19th century and in the first decades of the 20th century. The Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza de Pontevedra (later called General and Technical High School of Pontevedra , Instituto General y Técnico de Pontevedra and Instituto Nacional de Pontevedra ) was created by the Royal Decree of 30 October 1845 within the framework of the General Plan of Studies (known as Plan Pidal), which created

704-455: The client. This flexibility to adapt, and to blend freely between styles gave eclectic designers more appeal to clients. The creation of skyscrapers and other large public spaces such as churches, courthouses, city halls, public libraries and movie theatres, meant that eclectic design was no longer only for members of high-society, but was also accessible to the general public. While some of these buildings have since been demolished (including

748-481: The clientele of these early designers consisted exclusively of wealthy families and businesses, the works of such decorators were regularly featured in popular publications such as House and Garden , House Beautiful , and the Ladies Home Journal . Publishing the lavish interiors of these magnificent homes helped to spread the eclectic style to the middle classes, and less extravagant imitations or

792-651: The discomfort of months abroad and to create the illusion of established grandeur. At a similar time, such vessels were being used to transport colonists to undeveloped areas of the world. The colonisation of such areas, further spread the Eclectic architecture of the western world, as newly settled colonists built structures commonly featuring Roman classicism and Gothic motifs. To a lesser extent, Eclecticism appeared across Asia, as Japanese and Chinese architects who had trained at American Beaux-Arts influenced schools, returned to produce eclectic designs across Asia such as

836-409: The eclectic movement of the late 19th-early 20th century period. Post-war A post-war or postwar period is the interval immediately following the end of a war . The term usually refers to a varying period of time after World War II , which ended in 1945. A post-war period can become an interwar period or interbellum, when a war between the same parties resumes at a later date (such as

880-439: The façade consists mainly of geometric motifs above the windows and doors and floral motifs and small circles. The central body of the main entrance façade is decorated in a Art Nouveau style: a large window with a curved lintel and a secessionist geometric rhythm. It has a tower in which the school's directors resided during the early years of its existence. Inside, there is a large central marble staircase illuminated by

924-483: The first professional architectural schools , trained students in a rigorous and academic manner, equipping them with skills and professional prestige. Teachers at the École were some of the leading architects in France, and this new method of teaching was so successful, that it attracted students from across the globe. Many of the graduates went on to become pioneers of the movement, and used their Beaux-Arts training as

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968-408: The high school. In 1966, a proposal by Gonzalo Torrente Ballester was approved and the school adopted its current name "Valle-Inclán" because of the writer's relationship with the city, where he studied, lived, wrote and published his first book "Femeninas" in 1895. Valle-Inclán , at the age of 12, began his secondary studies in Pontevedra, which he also completed in Pontevedra in 1883. The school

1012-512: The hot water, heating and lighting systems will be renewed and the structure of the building will be improved by reinforcing the floor slabs and the metal roof of the covered courtyard will be renovated. During the 20th century, renowned teachers such as Castelao , Gonzalo Torrente Ballester , Aquilino Iglesias Alvariño, Jesús Muruais, Emilio Álvarez Jiménez, Víctor Said Armesto, Antón Losada Diéguez , José Filgueira Valverde and Bibiano Fernández-Osorio Tafall made it sufficiently famous to be one of

1056-672: The incorporation of similar decorative elements became a desirable feature in domestic decoration. Aesthetic preferences varied from region to region across America, with Spanish styles being favoured in California , and elements of American Colonial architecture being popular in New England . In contemporary society, styles that draw from many different cultural and historical styles are loosely described as "eclectic" though references to eclectic architecture within literature and media are usually about buildings constructed within

1100-437: The late 19th century, as architects sought a style that would allow them to retain previous historic precedent, but create unseen designs. From a complete catalogue of past styles, the ability to mix and combine styles allowed for more expressive freedom and provided an endless source of inspiration. Whilst other design professionals (referred to as ' revivalists ') aimed to meticulously imitate past styles, Eclecticism differed, as

1144-523: The main driving force was creation, not nostalgia and there was a desire for the designs to be original. Eclectic architecture first appeared across continental Europe in various countries such as France ( Beaux-Arts architecture ), England ( Victorian architecture ) and Germany ( Gründerzeit ), in response to the growing push amongst architects to have more expressive freedom over their work. The École des Beaux-Arts in Paris , considered to be one of

1188-448: The main wing of the building organised around a central rectangular courtyard with metal roof surrounded by large windows that bring in light. The building has 8,300 square metres of floor space and 323 windows on four floors. On the ground floor is the school's library. This large room has a wooden staircase that leads to the upper floor where there is a walkway surrounding the shelves and a wooden railing. More than 760 pupils study at

1232-430: The most highly regarded in the field of education. It is one of the few former Spanish high schools that has retained its original use over the years, since the building was inaugurated. It is a sober and elegant example of the eclectic and Art Nouveau styles. Its main façade and entrance are located on the Gran Vía de Montero Ríos, although it has a rear exit that leads to an irregularly shaped backyard enclosed by

1276-508: The original Pennsylvania station and the first Madison Square garden—both in New York City ), projects that remain from this era are still valued as some of the most important structures in the USA. Some of the most extreme examples of eclectic design could be seen onboard ocean liners (which at the time were the primary form of overseas transport). The lavish interiors were crafted with a mix of traditional styles—in an attempt to ease

1320-412: The period between World War I and World War II). By contrast, a post-war period marks the cessation of armed conflict entirely. The term "post-war" can have different meanings in different countries and refer to a period determined by local considerations based on the effect of the war there. Some examples of post-war events are in chronological order: The Cold War was a geopolitical conflict between

1364-418: The skill, understanding and knowledge of past historical styles, to produce suitable accompanying interiors. This resulted in the emergence of interior designer as a regarded profession. Prominent interior designers in this era (between the late 19th and early 20th century) include Elsie De Wolfe , Rose Cumming , Nancy McClelland, Elsie Cobb Wilson , Francis Elkins, Surie Maugham and Dorothy Draper . Whilst

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1408-430: The style selected, or itself an eclectic mixture. Gothic Revival architecture , especially in churches, was most likely to strive for a relatively "pure" revival style from a particular medieval period and region, while other revived styles such as Neoclassical , Baroque , Palazzo style , Jacobethan , Romanesque and many others were likely to be treated more freely. Eclecticist architecture came into practice during

1452-523: The war on behalf of South Korea, expelled the North Korean invasion, and then invaded and nearly captured North Korea. In response, Chinese forces entered the war on behalf of North Korea and pushed the US, South Korean, and UN forces back to the 38th parallel. After 3 years of advances and retreats nearly five million people died. To this very day there are still border disputes between the two Koreas. In

1496-726: The westernmost side of the Gran Vía de Montero Ríos avenue (built in the 1870s), opposite the Alameda de Pontevedra . This is the new middle-class neighbourhood created by the demolition of the city walls in 1855. The construction of other large buildings such as the Palace of the Provincial Council of Pontevedra , or the Pontevedra Normal School Building made this place the great leisure space of

1540-445: Was apparent to all. Projects that failed to harmoniously blend the different styles were subject to criticism from professionals (particularly those who opposed the movement). Enthusiasm for historical imitation began to decline in the 1930s and eclecticism was phased out in the curriculums of design schools, in favour of a new style. The shift towards Late Modernism , Postmodernism , Brutalism , Art Deco and Streamline Moderne

1584-525: Was created and the building was renovated. The girls' high school was temporarily moved in 1964 to the Normal School during the renovation works. The last complete renovation of the building was undertaken in 1972. A major renovation of the building will begin in 2023, in which the Xunta de Galicia will invest 4.7 million euros. Among other improvements, all the windows in the building will be replaced,

1628-412: Was drawn up on the site to begin work. In February 1906, the construction of the building got underway, and by April, numerous workers were already working on it, with the material being transported by means of carts. The work was completed in early 1926, taking longer than expected due to the economic crisis. The architect Joaquín Rojí went to Pontevedra on 28 February 1926 to sign off on the building. He

1672-703: Was fought between the communist North Vietnam supported by the Soviet Union, China , and the Eastern Bloc and China and South Vietnam supported by the United States and SEATO . This war is especially brutal due to North Vietnamese regular forces and Viet Cong insurgents in South Vietnam adapting to guerrilla fighting and ambush tactics against the South Vietnamese military and the United States Armed Forces . Vietnam

1716-428: Was one of the first wars to be broadcast to television . Many American civilians and soldiers were opposed to the war due to the condition and many thought the war was pointless. Finally after many protests the United States slowly withdrew from Vietnam due to public backlash. Considering the post-war era as equivalent to the Cold War era, post-war sometimes includes the 1980s, putting the end at 26 December 1991, with

1760-571: Was promoted by the Minister Augusto González Besada (a former student of the high school). On 5 January 1905, the two architects who designed the building project arrived from Madrid to start work on the Provincial General and Technical High School of Pontevedra and met with the mayor Bernardo López Suárez and the contractor, Manuel Domínguez. On 4 May, the architects returned to the city and the ground plan

1804-425: Was significant as it was seen by many as avant-garde and the new technology and materials being produced at the time allowed for greater innovation . Despite the move away from eclecticism, the era still remains historically significant as it "re-opened the doors to innovation and new forms" for architecture in the following years. The rise in eclectic architecture created a need for interior specialists who had

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1848-582: Was the birthplace of the Aula Castelao of Philosophy and, at the same time, of the Galician Philosophy Week . Eclecticism in architecture The term is also used of the many architects of the 19th and early 20th centuries who designed buildings in a variety of styles according to the wishes of their clients, or their own. The styles were typically revivalist , and each building might be mostly or entirely consistent within

1892-461: Was then asked to budget for its interior, which took more than a year. The school was inaugurated on 27 September 1927 by King Alfonso XIII during a visit to Pontevedra. In the Post-war period, the students of the high school (boys and girls) were separated into two different floors with independent entrances. In 1963, a girls' high school, which would become the current Valle-Inclán High School,

1936-665: Was transferred to the Normal School , a building that now belongs to the Pontevedra County Council , to put an end to the numerous expenses incurred by the repairs of the old Jesuit College. The official initiative for the construction of a new building for the High School came from the Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, Manuel Allendesalazar Muñoz de Salazar , at the beginning of 1903, when

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