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85-546: The Vancouver Pride Parade and Festival is an annual LGBT Pride event, held each year in Vancouver , British Columbia, to celebrate lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender people and their allies. It is run by the Vancouver Pride Society ( VPS ), a not-for-profit, volunteer-run organization that seeks to "produce inclusive, celebratory events, and advocacy for LGBTQAI2S+". Vancouver's Pride Parade

170-418: A Twitter meme in 2018, eventually came to be used by some as a response to the perceived tameness of Pride Month. The rainbow flag, also known as the pride flag, is a symbol of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) pride and social movements. The most common variant consists of six horizontal stripes of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Designed in 1978 by artist Gilbert Baker,

255-488: A social group . Pride, as opposed to shame and social stigma , is the predominant outlook that bolsters most LGBTQ rights movements. Pride has lent its name to LGBTQ-themed organizations, institutes, foundations, book titles, periodicals, a cable TV channel , and the Pride Library . Ranging from solemn to carnivalesque, pride events are typically held during LGBTQ Pride Month or some other period that commemorates

340-635: A constant reminder of shame; however, he also states that pride in some simpler forms is still useful to individuals struggling with shame. Savage writes that gay pride can also lead to disillusionment where an LGBT individual realizes the reality that sexual orientation does not say much about a person's personality, after being led by the illusion that LGBT individuals are part of a co-supportive and inherently good group of people. The growth and commercialization of Christopher Street Days, coupled with their de-politicization, has led to an alternative CSD in Berlin,

425-518: A depletion of the claims of such demonstrations and the merchandization of the parade. In this respect, they defend, in countries like Spain, the United States or Canada, a Critical Pride celebration to give the events a political meaning again. Gay Shame , a radical movement within the LGBT community , opposes the assimilation of LGBT people into mainstream, heteronormative society,

510-487: A former member of the Catholic Church, sought to combat the negative energy emanating from the institution. Higgins paired one of the seven deadly sins, "pride," with "gay" due to the church's stance on same-sex behaviors as going against divine and natural laws. "That language was transformative," McConnell said. This approach not only opened doors but also propelled individuals forward. In 1971, McConnell introduced

595-459: A gay pride event in the capital. Homosexual acts are illegal in Uganda . In a special queer issue of The Stranger in 1999, openly gay author, pundit, and journalist Dan Savage questioned the relevance of pride thirty years later, writing that pride was an effective antidote to shame imposed on LGBT people, but that pride is now making LGBT people dull and slow as a group, as well as being

680-518: A not-for-profit, volunteer-run organization. The mission of the VPS is that it "strives to produce events that reflect the pride the LGBTQAI2S+ community has in itself, by strengthening the sense of community, and contributing to the vibrancy, health and overall well-being of all persons in the community." The VPS is managed by a 9-member volunteer board of directors and a handful of paid staff, who handle

765-517: A personally relevant value, belief, or role, as well as engaging in an activity that might evoke a personally relevant value, such as spending time with family if that is personally relevant. Taken together, the four principles suggest that when confronted with information that threatens self-concept, the person experiences distress and is subsequently motivated to self-defense. It is actually affirmation that allows people to see otherwise-threatening information as more self-relevant and valuable. However,

850-419: A positive global image of themselves. Self-affirmation theory purports that when individuals are faced with information that threatens their self-integrity, the response to this information is often defensive in nature. Defensive reactions attempt to minimize the threat in order to preserve the sense of self. Examples of defensive reactions include denial, avoiding the threat, and changing one's appraisal of

935-534: A reduction in cognitive dissonance. Another study examined the effect on individuals from individualist and collectivist backgrounds of writing a values essay about a value that was important to the participant compared to a value that was important to the participant's family. The authors found reduced cognitive dissonance for participants from collectivist cultures who wrote about values important to them and their families, and found reduced cognitive dissonance for participants from individualist cultures who wrote about

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1020-421: A research study two weeks prior to completing a mid-term exam. All participants collected urine samples for 24 hours two weeks prior to their midterm (baseline) as well as for the 24 hours prior to their midterm examination so their catecholamine levels could be measured. Catecholamine levels are thought to be high when individuals are experiencing higher stress. Half of participants completed two values essays in

1105-559: A sign "I am a Lesbian" walked by. – The New York Times coverage of Gay Liberation Day, 1970 Christopher Street Liberation Day on June 28, 1970, marked the first anniversary of the Stonewall riots with the march, which was the first Gay Pride march in New York history, and covered the 51 blocks to Central Park . The march took less than half the scheduled time due to excitement, but also due to wariness about walking through

1190-805: A standstill. Even though the Royal Household of Spain approved publication of the interview and Pilar Urbano offered to share the interview recording, both Queen Sofía and the Royal Household have refuted the comments in question. In 2015 police dispersed the Pride parade using tear gas and rubber bullets. In 2016 and 2017, the Istanbul Governor's Office did not allow the Pride Parade to take place, citing security concerns and public order. In 2016, Ugandan police broke up

1275-437: A statement about a value. An example item from the religion scale would be "The more important study for mankind is (a) mathematics (b) theology". This allows researchers to see where an individual's personal interests and values lie. It is thought that answering questions about a value domain that they find important will make that value more salient to them, resulting in self-affirmation. There are six different value domains on

1360-565: A statement. According to Chief Marlon Macedo, the police alleged that the photographer was interfering with their work, did not have identification, and became aggressive when he was asked to move. Bené denied the allegations, saying the police were belligerent and that the scene was witnessed by "over 300 people", reported Agência Estado. In a 2008 interview for the biography La Reina muy cerca (The Queen Up Close), by Spanish journalist and writer Pilar Urbano , Queen Sofía of Spain sparked controversy by voicing her disapproval of LGBT pride. This

1445-452: A turning point in a country's LGBTQ history , for example Moscow Pride in May for the anniversary of Russia's 1993 decriminalization of homosexuality . Some pride events include Pride parades and marches, rallies, commemorations, community days, dance parties, and festivals. Common symbols of pride include the rainbow flag and other pride flags , the lowercase Greek letter lambda (λ) ,

1530-473: A value important to just them. Benefits from self-affirmation are thought to primarily occur when the perceived threat is in an area of importance to the individual. For example, in the experiment detailed above in which coffee drinkers read an article about caffeine consumption and increased risk of breast cancer, self-affirmation only reduced defensiveness in individuals who were heavy coffee drinkers and not in occasional coffee drinkers. Because an article on

1615-471: A value in another domain. Self-affirmations can come from many sources. Having a flexible self-concept allows people to adapt in the face of threat. It is theorized that engaging in activities that promote the values, beliefs, and roles that are central to an individual's identity can promote self-integrity. Promoting one's values can affirm the individual and reduce the perceived threat. Engaging in such actions when facing threat serves to remind individuals of

1700-728: Is Beautiful ", gay civil rights pioneer and participant in the Annual Reminders Frank Kameny originated the slogan "Gay is Good" in the early 1960s to counter social stigma and personal feelings of guilt and shame . Early on the morning of Saturday, June 28, 1969, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons rioted following a police raid on the Stonewall Inn , a gay bar at 43 Christopher Street in Greenwich Village , Manhattan , New York City. This riot and further protests and rioting over

1785-553: Is believed that there is not just one factor responsible for the effects of self-affirmation, but rather many. To date, increasing positive emotions and self-esteem have been investigated as mechanisms of self-affirmation, but the findings are mixed. Some studies have found that positive mood brings about similar reductions in defensiveness as self-affirmations. In contrast, several studies fail to detect any effect of self-affirmation on mood, suggesting self-affirmation does not operate via increases in positive mood. Similarly, results on

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1870-1101: Is no straight or heterosexual civil rights movement. (federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority , (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies Self-affirmation Self-affirmation theory contends that if individuals reflect on values that are personally relevant to them, they are less likely to experience distress and react defensively when confronted with information that contradicts or threatens their sense of self. Experimental investigations of self-affirmation theory suggest that self-affirmation can help individuals cope with threat or stress and that it might be beneficial for improving academic performance, health, and reducing defensiveness. There are four main principles of self-affirmation theory. Self-affirmation theory proposes that individuals are driven to protect their self-integrity . According to self-affirmation theory, self-integrity

1955-474: Is one's concept of oneself as a good, moral person, who acts in ways that are in accord with cultural and social norms. Steele purported that the self is made up of different domains: roles, values, and belief systems. Roles include responsibilities a person has, such as being a parent, friend, student, or professional. Values are aspirations people live in accordance to, including things like living healthfully and treating others with respect. Belief systems include

2040-758: Is the largest parade of any kind in Western Canada . Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia and the BC Provincial Health Officer order restricting mass gatherings to 50 people or less, 2020 Pride in-person events were moved online. The Vancouver Pride Society has dubbed the festival #vanvirtualpride 2020 and it culminates on August 2 with a virtual parade. A public art exhibition was also held with pieces from local two-spirit , trans and queer artists displayed around

2125-472: The Civic Center (now Richard J. Daley) Plaza . The date was chosen because the Stonewall events began on the last Saturday of June and because organizers wanted to reach the maximum number of Michigan Avenue shoppers. Subsequent Chicago parades have been held on the last Sunday of June, coinciding with the date of many similar parades elsewhere. Subsequently, during the same weekend, gay activist groups on

2210-564: The Trier social stress test , a standardized laboratory paradigm used to induce stress in participants. In the Trier Social Stress task, participants are asked to give a short speech in front of a panel of judges who do not give any comments or positive feedback to the participant. Following the speech, participants must complete a mental arithmetic task, in which they count backwards from 2,083 in increments of 13 while being told by

2295-477: The Workers' Party opposed the bill as enhancing "the possibility of discrimination and prejudice". The bill was nevertheless passed by the city council, but never received the signature of mayor Gilberto Kassab . A Brazilian photographer was arrested after refusing to delete photos of police attacking two young people participating in a gay pride parade on October 16, 2011, in the city of Itabuna, Bahia, reported

2380-406: The commodification of non-heterosexual identity and culture, and in particular the (over) commercialization of pride events. "Straight pride" and "heterosexual pride" are analogies and slogans that contrast heterosexuality with homosexuality by copying the phrase "gay pride". Originating from the culture wars in the United States, "straight pride" is a form of conservative backlash as there

2465-511: The pink triangle and the black triangle , these latter two reclaimed from use as badges of shame in Nazi concentration camps . In the earlier decades of the 20th century before the term "Pride" became widely used, gatherings and protests by the LGBTQ+ community were often referred to as Homophile demonstrations reflecting a more conservative and assimilationist approach to LGBTQ+ rights. As

2550-484: The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Values scale: religion, theoretical, aesthetic, political, social, and economic. Extant empirical research demonstrates that self-affirmations can be beneficial in reducing individuals' stress response as well as their defensiveness toward threats. In one study investigating the effects of self-affirmation on stress response , undergraduate participants completed

2635-797: The Annual Reminder, in order to be more relevant, reach a greater number of people, and encompass the ideas and ideals of the larger struggle in which we are engaged—that of our fundamental human rights—be moved both in time and location. We propose that a demonstration be held annually on the last Saturday in June in New York City to commemorate the 1969 spontaneous demonstrations on Christopher Street and this demonstration be called CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATION DAY. No dress or age regulations shall be made for this demonstration. We also propose that we contact Homophile organizations throughout

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2720-605: The CSD committee, Robert Kastl, countered Butler's allegations and pointed out that the organizers already awarded a counseling center for lesbians dealing with double discrimination in 2006. Regarding the allegations of commercialism, Kastl further explained that the CSD organizers do not require small groups to pay a participation fee (which starts at €50 and goes up to €1500 ). He also distanced himself from all forms of racism and Islamophobia . Some social movements and associations have criticized modern iterations of pride, viewing it as

2805-560: The Civil Courage Award (Zivilcouragepreis) of the Christopher Street Day Parade in Berlin, Germany, at the award ceremony, arguing and lamenting in a speech that the parade had become too commercial, and was ignoring the problems of racism and the double discrimination facing homosexual or transsexual migrants. According to Butler, even the organizers themselves promote racism. The general manager of

2890-570: The UK's diversity and our values of equality, inclusion and freedom". The US embassy in the Emirates also posted a picture of the flying American and Pride flags on its Abu Dhabi residence, stating that it supported "dignity and equality of all people". While the move was remarkable, it faced backlash online and was extensively criticized by the locals over social media. Many called it "disrespectful" and "insulting". The term Wrath Month , which started as

2975-914: The United States constituted an extremely repressive legal and social period for LGBT people . In this context American homophile organizations such as the Daughters of Bilitis and the Mattachine Society coordinated some of the earliest demonstrations of the modern LGBT rights movement. These two organizations in particular carried out pickets called " Annual Reminders " to inform and remind Americans that LGBT people did not receive basic civil rights protections. Annual Reminders began in 1965 and took place each July 4 at Independence Hall in Philadelphia . The anti-LGBT discourse of these times equated both male and female homosexuality with mental illness. Inspired by Stokely Carmichael 's " Black

3060-766: The United States, the month of June is recognized as Pride Month whereas in Canada, it's a full season. For the first time in the history of an Arab monarchy, diplomatic embassies in the United Arab Emirates supported the LGBTQ community by raising the rainbow flag to celebrate Pride Month 2021. The UK embassy in the UAE posted a picture on Twitter of the Pride flag alongside the Union Jack , affirming their "pride in

3145-565: The VPS informed the BC Liberals that they were not permitted to take part in the virtual parade due to inaction on Chilliwack-Kent MLA Laurie Throness , who has been accused of homophobic and transphobic comments and views. The Sunset Beach Festival takes place on the Sunday of the August long weekend, concurrently with the Pride parade. Located at Sunset Beach at the end of the parade route,

3230-670: The West Coast of the United States held a march in Los Angeles and a march and "Gay-in" in San Francisco . The next year, Gay Pride marches took place in Boston , Dallas , Milwaukee , London , Paris , West Berlin , and Stockholm . By 1972 the participating cities included Atlanta , Brighton , Buffalo , Detroit , Washington D.C. , Miami , and Philadelphia , as well as San Francisco. Frank Kameny soon realized

3315-451: The achievement gap for college students from low socioeconomic status and for women in introductory physics courses. These findings suggest that self-affirmation can have a buffering effect on academic achievement for groups who face the most threat. Women concerned with their weight were recruited for a study. Concern with weight has similar effects of stress in that it can cause psychological distress, poor eating, and weight gain. Half of

3400-521: The bars and clubs from the Davie Village . A regular feature of each parade is an institution of parade marshals. Often it is a person representing a country where similar events are banned and gay people are still persecuted. The grand marshal in 2010 was Nikolai Alekseev from Moscow , Russia . In 2013, the Pride Parade was granted official civic status by the City of Vancouver. On July 21, 2020,

3485-523: The birth of the gay liberation movement. Certainly it was the birth of gay pride on a massive scale." In the 1980s there was a major cultural shift in the Stonewall Riot commemorations. The previous more loosely organized, grassroots marches and parades were taken over by more organized and less radical elements of the gay community. The marches began dropping "Liberation" and "Freedom" from their names under pressure from more conservative members of

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3570-417: The broad, principal values by which they define themselves and their lives. This change in perspective shifts attention away from the threat in one domain of the self toward a larger context of who they are. It is thought that when people operate from this broader perspective, they react less defensively to the threat, which allows them to act more effectively. Self-Affirmations can occur by both reflecting on

3655-410: The city with gay banners and signs. Although the parade permit was delivered only two hours before the start of the march, the marchers encountered little resistance from onlookers. The New York Times reported (on the front page) that the marchers took up the entire street for about 15 city blocks. Reporting by The Village Voice was positive, describing "the out-front resistance that grew out of

3740-602: The city. Vancouver's earliest Pride celebrations began when the Gay Alliance Toward Equality (GATE) organized a picnic and art exhibit in Ceperley Park. The August 1973 edition of GATE's newspaper, Gay Tide , features coverage of "Gay Pride Week '73", and was followed shortly thereafter by the first Pride parade in 1978. In 2011 some activists claimed that the actual Pride parade did not start until 1981. The parade, which covered only one side of

3825-690: The community, replacing them with the philosophy of "Gay Pride" (in San Francisco, the name of the gay parade and celebration was not changed from Gay Freedom Day Parade to Gay Pride Day Parade until 1994). The Greek lambda symbol and the pink triangle , which had been revolutionary symbols of the Gay Liberation Movement, were tidied up and incorporated into the Gay Pride, or Pride, movement, providing some symbolic continuity with its more radical beginnings . The pink triangle

3910-456: The context of local opposition. In August 2011, São Paulo city alderman Carlos Apolinário of the right-wing Democrats Party sponsored a bill to organize and sponsor "Heterosexual Pride Day" on the third Sunday of December. Apolinário, an Evangelical Protestant , stated that the intent of the parade was a "struggle ... against excesses and privileges". Members of Gay Group of Bahia  [ ar ; ast ; es ; fr ; it ; pt ] and

3995-683: The country and suggest that they hold parallel demonstrations on that day. We propose a nationwide show of support. All attendees to the ERCHO meeting in Philadelphia voted for the march except for Mattachine Society of New York, which abstained. Members of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) attended the meeting and were seated as guests of Rodwell's group, Homophile Youth Movement in Neighborhoods (HYMN). Meetings to organize

4080-521: The defensive reaction can impede more adaptive ways to solve the problem (like engaging in problem-solving or changing unhealthy behaviors). It is thought that affirming an important value unrelated to the threat helps individuals to shift their perspective to their broader life context. Having a broad viewpoint diminishes the perceived threat, allowing individuals to act less defensively and more effectively. In laboratory experiments, psychologists induce self-affirmation in participants in order to investigate

4165-429: The effects of self-affirmation on the academic performance of historically marginalized groups such as African American and Latino American students, who face a multitude of daily threats in the school environment. Seventh grade students took part in a two-year study. Half of the students completed a values essay about their most important value approximately seven to eight times over the course of two academic years, while

4250-499: The event in order to make it less threatening. Instead of having one self-concept (e.g., I am a good parent), self-affirmation theory posits that individuals flexibly define who they are using various roles (e.g., I am a good parent, child, and worker). Having a flexible sense of self allows individuals to offset weaknesses in one domain, by highlighting the strengths in another domain. That is, if someone perceives threat to one domain, he or she can accommodate this threat by upholding

4335-586: The festival includes a diverse collection of vendors, entertainment, family activities and beer gardens. In addition to the Pride Parade and Festival, the VPS organizes a number of events throughout the summer, including East Side Pride, held on the anniversary of the Stonewall Riots , Gay Day @ Playland, Movie Night, Picnic in the Park, in Stanley Park, Davie Street Pride Party, a large street party in

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4420-464: The finances, logistics and operations of the organization and events. In addition, many hundreds of volunteers are involved in running the events. The events are funded through annual donations, corporate sponsorships, the City of Vancouver, parade entry fees, festival vendor fees, and donations collected during events. The annual Pride parade is the largest parade in Western Canada, and one of

4505-556: The flag's colors were originally eight and had specific meanings in relation to the LGBT+ community. The design has undergone revisions over the years, but it remains a widely recognized symbol of LGBTQ+ identity and activism. From both outside and inside the LGBT community, there is criticism and protest against pride events. Bob Christie's documentary Beyond Gay: The Politics of Pride evaluates gay pride events in different countries within

4590-532: The following nights were the watershed moment in the modern LGBT rights movement and the impetus for organizing LGBT pride marches on a much larger public scale. On November 2, 1969, Craig Rodwell , his partner Fred Sargeant, Ellen Broidy , and Linda Rhodes proposed the first pride march to be held in New York City by way of a resolution at the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations (ERCHO) meeting in Philadelphia. That

4675-423: The following value domains: aesthetic , social, political, religious, economic, and theoretical values. Participants then write about the value they ranked as most important and how it is meaningful to them for 5 minutes. The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Values Scale is another measure that is administered to participants to induce self-affirmation in the laboratory. Participants choose one of two answers after reading

4760-405: The greatest mistakes of his life". The image of gays retaliating against police, after so many years of allowing such treatment to go unchallenged, "stirred an unexpected spirit among many homosexuals". Kay Lahusen , who photographed the marches in 1965, stated, "Up to 1969, this movement was generally called the homosexual or homophile movement... Many new activists consider the Stonewall uprising

4845-601: The heart of the Davie Village, the Terry Wallace Memorial Breakfast and Pride Youth Dance in the evening after the parade and festival. Gay pride Pride (also known as LGBTQ pride , LGBTQIA pride , LGBT pride , queer pride or gay and lesbian pride ) is the promotion of the rights, self-affirmation , dignity, equality , and increased visibility of lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) people as

4930-543: The ideologies to which a person ascribes, such as religious or political beliefs. Self-integrity can take many forms. For example, self-integrity can take the form of being independent, intelligent, a helpful member of a society, part of a family, and/or part of a group. Threats against a person's self-integrity are events or messages that imply an individual is not good or adequate in a personally relevant domain. Self-affirmation theory suggests that when individuals face threat to one of these domains, they are motivated to maintain

5015-403: The influence of self-affirmation on individuals' well-being. There are two chief methods used to self-affirm participants in experimental studies. One of the most common ways to induce self-affirmation is to have participants write about a personally relevant value. In order to do this, participants rank a list of values from most important to least important to them. The list typically includes

5100-477: The judges to go faster. Prior to completing the Trier Social Stress Task, half of the participants completed a variation of values list self-affirmation task. Participants who completed the values list had significantly lower stress response than individuals in the control condition, as indicated by a lower cortisol response in affirmed participants compared to participants who did not complete

5185-770: The largest in North America. Starting at 12 noon on the day of the Pride Festival, at Robson Street and Thurlow Street, the parade heads west down Robson to Denman Street, follows Denman to Pacific and Beach Avenues and finishes at the Sunset Beach Festival site. The parade has a contingent of approximately 150 entries, including cars, floats and marching units. Among the regulars are the Vancouver Police and Fire Departments, Dykes on Bikes , PFLAG , Little Sister's Bookstore , and many of

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5270-574: The march began in early January at Rodwell's apartment in 350 Bleecker Street . At first there was difficulty getting some of the major New York City organizations like Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) to send representatives. Craig Rodwell and his partner Fred Sargeant, Ellen Broidy, Michael Brown , Marty Nixon, and Foster Gunnison Jr. of Mattachine made up the core group of the CSLD Umbrella Committee (CSLDUC). For initial funding, Gunnison served as treasurer and sought donations from

5355-511: The march on a Sunday, and so as to mark the date of the start of the Stonewall uprising, the CSLDUC scheduled the date for the first march for Sunday, June 28, 1970. With Dick Leitsch's replacement as president of Mattachine NY by Michael Kotis in April 1970, opposition to the march by Mattachine ended. There was little open animosity, and some bystanders applauded when a tall, pretty girl carrying

5440-536: The movement became more radical in the late 1960s, particularly after the Stonewall Uprising, they were called Gay Liberation marches or rallies which emphasized demands for full equality and liberation. The term "Gay Pride" was claimed to be coined either by Jack Baker and Michael McConnell , an activist couple in Minnesota, or by Thom Higgins , another gay rights activist in Minnesota. Higgins,

5525-500: The national homophile organizations and sponsors, while Sargeant solicited donations via the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop customer mailing list and Nixon worked to gain financial support from GLF in his position as treasurer for that organization. Other mainstays of the organizing committee were Judy Miller, Jack Waluska, Steve Gerrie and Brenda Howard of GLF. Believing that more people would turn out for

5610-506: The negative consequences of stress. More research is needed to understand how self-affirmations decrease stress responses. Results from studies provide support for the idea that when individuals complete an activity that affirms their self-integrity they are less defensive and more accepting of information that is potentially threatening. However, more research is needed to better understand why people are more open-minded after they have completed an affirmation task. Studies have examined

5695-421: The newspaper Correio 24 horas. According to the website Notícias de Ipiau, Ederivaldo Benedito, known as Bené, said four police officers tried to convince him to delete the photos soon after they realized they were being photographed. When he refused, they ordered him to turn over the camera. When the photographer refused again, the police charged him with contempt and held him in jail for over 21 hours until he gave

5780-625: The other half wrote a values essay about why their least important value might be of value to someone else. The study tracked the students' grades for three years. Ethnic minority students in the self-affirmation condition received higher grade point averages than the ethnic minority students who wrote about why their least important value might be important to someone else. There was no effect of self-affirmation in white students. Findings suggest that for students who face daily, repeated stressors at school, self-affirmation buffers against worsening school performance. Similarly, values affirmation decreased

5865-633: The pivotal change brought by the Stonewall riots. An organizer of gay activism in the 1950s, he was used to persuasion, trying to convince heterosexuals that gay people were no different from themselves. When he and other people marched in front of the White House, the State Department and Independence Hall only five years earlier, their objective was to look as if they could work for the U.S. government. Ten people marched with Kameny then, and they alerted no press to their intentions. Although he

5950-529: The police raid on the Stonewall Inn one year ago". There was also an assembly on Christopher Street. On Saturday, June 27, 1970, Chicago Gay Liberation organized a march from Washington Square Park ("Bughouse Square") to the Water Tower at the intersection of Michigan and Chicago avenues, which was the route originally planned, and then many of the participants extemporaneously marched on to

6035-506: The risks associated with caffeine consumption might not pose the same threat to occasional coffee drinkers as to heavy coffee drinkers, self-affirmation likely does not provide the same benefit for occasional coffee drinkers. Thus, the importance of the threatened domain to one's self-integrity is thought to influence the effectiveness of self-affirmations. Research has not yet identified the underlying mechanisms of how self-affirmation buffers against stress and reduces defensiveness. However, it

6120-408: The self-affirmation condition. In a different experiment, undergraduate students completed difficult problem solving puzzles in the presence of an evaluator. Participants also reported how much chronic stress they endured over the past month. Prior to completing the problem-solving puzzles half of the participants completed a values essay self-affirmation task. For the individuals who did not complete

6205-434: The self-affirmation task, low-stress participants performed significantly better than high-stress participants. For individuals in the self-affirmation condition, high-stress individuals performed equally as well as low-stress individuals. Findings suggest that self-affirmation buffered against the negative effects of stress on problem-solving performance. For another experiment, undergraduates were recruited to participate in

6290-530: The so-called "Kreuzberger CSD" or "Transgenialer" ("Transgenial"/Trans Ingenious") CSD. Political party members are not invited for speeches, nor can parties or companies sponsor floats. After the parade, there is a festival with a stage for political speakers and entertainers. Groups discuss lesbian/transsexual/transgender/gay or queer perspectives on issues such as poverty and unemployment benefits (Hartz IV), gentrification, or "Fortress Europe". In June 2010, American philosopher and theorist Judith Butler refused

6375-575: The street while the other remained open to traffic, ran from Nelson Park to Alexandra Park via Thurlow, Pacific and Beach. One of the notable founders of the Pride Parade, Barb Snelgrove was inducted into the Vancouver Queer Hall of Fame in 2013. The three-year theme for the 2009–2011 Pride Parade and Festival was Educate, Liberate, Celebrate. The Pride Parade and Festival is run by the Vancouver Pride Society (VPS),

6460-540: The term "gay pride" in Chicago, setting off a powerful movement. Brenda Howard along with the bisexual activist Robert A. Martin (aka Donny the Punk) and gay activist L. Craig Schoonmaker are credited with popularizing the word "Pride" to describe these festivities. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs was one of the first openly gay activists and is considered a predecessor of the LGBT pride movement. The 1950s and 1960s in

6545-423: The two weeks leading up to their midterm examination. Participants who did not complete the self-affirmation condition demonstrated increased catecholamine response from baseline to their midterm exam. However, participants who completed the two values essays did not show an increase in catecholamine levels from baseline to their midterm. Preliminary research results suggest that self-affirmation can protect against

6630-447: The women completed a values essay. Self-affirmed participants had lost more weight, had lower body mass index , and smaller waist circumference than non-affirmed women. Patients with end stage renal disease participated in a study assessing the effects of self-affirmation on adherence to phosphate binders that facilitate control of phosphate levels. Poor phosphate control in this population can be dangerous and life-threatening. There

6715-450: The world. At many colleges, which are not in session in June, LGBT pride is instead celebrated during April, which is dubbed "Gaypril". Pride month is not recognized internationally as pride celebrations take place in many other places at different times, including in the months of February, August, and September. In Canada, Pride Season refers to the wide array of Pride events held from June to September.[1] In other countries like

6800-427: The world. I call upon all Americans to observe this month by fighting prejudice and discrimination in their own lives and everywhere it exists. – Proclamation 8529 by U.S President Barack Obama, May 28, 2010 Three presidents of the United States have officially declared a pride month. First, President Bill Clinton declared June "Gay & Lesbian Pride Month" in 1999 and 2000. Then from 2009 to 2016, each year he

6885-648: Was a significant improvement in serum phosphate levels for the affirmed patients compared to the group of non-affirmed patients, suggesting better adherence to phosphate binders. Individualist and collectivist cultures place different levels of importance on belonging to in-groups, and it is thought that this may vary the effects of self-affirmation. One study investigated the effects of self-affirmation on reducing cognitive dissonance . This study found that self-affirmed participants from individualist cultures saw reductions in cognitive dissonance, whereas self-affirmed participants from collectivist cultures did not experience

6970-514: Was also the inspiration for the homomonument in Amsterdam , commemorating all gay men and lesbians who have been subjected to persecution because of their homosexuality. Pride Month occurs in the United States to commemorate the Stonewall riots , which occurred at the end of June 1969. As a result, many pride events are held during this month to recognize the impact LGBTQ people have had in

7055-539: Was in addition to overstepping her official duties as a member of the Royal Family by censoring the Spanish Law on Marriage in how it names same-sex unions as "matrimonio" (marriage). Without using the slogan "Straight Pride", Queen Sofía was directly quoted as saying that if heterosexuals were to take the streets as the LGBT community does for Gay Pride parades, that the former collective would bring Madrid to

7140-697: Was in office, President Barack Obama declared June LGBT Pride Month. Later, President Joe Biden declared June LGBTQ+ Pride Month in 2021. Donald Trump became the first Republican president to acknowledge LGBT Pride Month in 2019, but he did so through tweeting rather than an official proclamation; the tweet was later released as an official "Statement from the President." Beginning in 2012, Google displayed some LGBT-related search results with different rainbow-colored patterns each year during June. In 2017, Google also included rainbow-coloured streets on Google Maps to display Gay Pride marches occurring across

7225-463: Was stunned by the upheaval by participants in the Annual Reminder in 1969, he later observed, "By the time of Stonewall, we had fifty to sixty gay groups in the country. A year later there were at least fifteen hundred. By two years later, to the extent that a count could be made, it was twenty-five hundred." Similar to Kameny's regret at his own reaction to the shift in attitudes after the riots, Randy Wicker came to describe his embarrassment as "one of

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