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123-458: Vanderbilt University (informally Vandy or VU ) is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee , United States. Founded in 1873, it was named in honor of shipping and railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt , who provided the school its initial $ 1 million endowment in the hopes that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by

246-583: A 60% increase since the establishment of HEC in 2002. The HEC digital library now provides access to over 20,000 leading research journals, covering about 75% of the world's peer-reviewed scientific journals. Until 1991, there were only two recognized private universities in Pakistan: Aga Khan University , established in 1983, and Lahore University of Management Sciences , established in 1985. By 1997, there were 10 private universities. From 2001–2002, this number had doubled to 20. Among

369-492: A Divinity School student who was expelled from Vanderbilt due to racial conflicts. As early as November 1959, a number of Black college students hosted sit-ins at Harveys and Cain-Sloan department stores, demonstrating against injustice and asking to speak with the owners. Lawson participated in this series of activities, applauded the students' efforts, taught them how to perform nonviolent sit-ins with great self-discipline, and tried his best to ensure their success. However, he

492-444: A Trustee and the influential editor of the local newspaper, Branscomb expelled Divinity student James Lawson . Lawson was a Congress of Racial Equality leader who organized sit-ins in defiance of Nashville's segregation laws. A dozen faculty members resigned in protest. Branscomb later re-examined his decision, regretting he did not consider referring it to committee to delay action for three months until Lawson's graduation. The school

615-489: A central gable that protruded outward, much like a pediment . After the fire of 1905, Kirkland Hall was rebuilt in the Italianate style, with only one tower reconstructed. Donations from alumni , Vanderbilt students, and Nashville residents funded a new bell to replace the old one. In 1937, Chancellor James Hampton Kirkland ended his leadership and passed away on August 5, 1939. In recognition of his contributions to

738-604: A decrease in blood volume and fluid loss outside the vascular bed as a key factor in traumatic shock and pioneered the use of replacement fluids for its treatment. This treatment saved countless lives in World War II, during which Vanderbilt was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. German biophysicist Max Delbrück joined

861-635: A distinction between free institutions (as in free from the State), which are recognized and funded by the Communities of Belgium (the State until 1990) and follow the same rules and laws as fully public universities, and fully private institutions, which are not recognized nor funded by the authorities, and thus do not issue valid degrees. Private ( free ) institutions are predominantly Catholic: UCLouvain , KU Leuven or Saint-Louis University, Brussels . On

984-405: A hub of activity on campus, hosting both festival celebrations and protests. In recent years, it has been the site of numerous sit-ins and picketing events. To end Vanderbilt's investment in an African agricultural corporation accused of land-grabbing, Vanderbilt students organized a sit-in at Kirkland and a two-month-long "tent city" starting in mid-March 2012. The university allegedly eliminated

1107-695: A large impact on American thought and letters: the Fugitives and the Agrarians . Meanwhile, Frank C. Rand , who served as the President and later Chairman of the International Shoe Company , donated US$ 150,000 to the university in 1925; Rand Hall was subsequently named for him. In 1928, the construction of three more buildings was completed: Garland Hall, named for Chancellor Landon Garland; Buttrick Hall, named for Wallace Buttrick of

1230-532: A low point. Enrollment dropped, and arsonists set fire to the Main Building and others. The Main Building withstood this disaster and remained one of the most imposing structures on campus. About a decade later, in 1899, with the help of a new endowment totaling $ 1.2 million, the heating and sewage systems on campus were rebuilt. The Main Building was connected to Science Hall via pipes, and water closets in

1353-541: A prank by hacking the new carillon installed in Kirkland Tower, making a ghostly indictment of the new fraternity scheme in the name of the "Ghost of Kirkland". The situation escalated when 500 boys, many in pajamas, gathered in front of the tower, shooting off firecrackers, throwing water-filled bags, and threatening a "panty raid" at the women's dorms. On Tuesday, a more determined group of around 250 students tried to get into two dorms, prompting serious action from

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1476-765: A private institution to be called " université ", and most of the universities in France are public. In France, grandes écoles are part of an alternative educational system that operates alongside the mainstream French public university system . Grandes écoles can be public , semi-private or private, but the most prestigious ones are public. These institutions operate mostly in engineering studies and business administration. The best-known semi-private grandes écoles are generally business, engineering, and humanities schools; they are generally managed by chambers of commerce and industry, with capital open to other private companies. Other grandes écoles are entirely private, but this

1599-651: A railroad executive. He is the namesake of the annual Cole Lecture; his marble bust and his wife's portrait can be seen in Kirkland Hall. His son, Whitefoord Russell Cole , who was the chairman of the Board of Trust from 1915 to 1934, defended Chancellor Kirkland's decision to split with the Methodist Church. He is the namesake of Cole Hall, completed in 1949. In the 1920s and 1930s, Vanderbilt University hosted two partly overlapping groups of scholars who had

1722-614: A reporter for the Nashville Scene, was arrested by VUPD near Kirkland Hall while covering the student protests. Many students rallied outside the building in support of their suspended peers throughout the following week. The university expelled three students, suspended one, and placed 22 students on disciplinary probation in relation to the protest. Alumni and faculty issued open letters criticizing student BDS efforts, calling for campus civility, and expressing solidarity with Vanderbilt’s pro-Israel Jewish community. As of publication,

1845-461: A requirement for all foreign institutions endeavoring to operate businesses in the country. Almost all the private universities in Ghana focus on similar areas of academic study, including business administration, human resources, accounting, information technology, and related fields, which are offered by universities like Ashesi , Regent , Valley View , and Ghana Telecom , among others. In addition,

1968-577: A student-led drive to retire Wallace's jersey finally succeeded. In 1964, Vanderbilt held its first IMPACT Symposium, which has since become a university tradition of hosting speakers in a multi-day annual symposium to discuss current events and topics of a controversial nature. Participants have included Martin Luther King Jr. , Allen Ginsberg , Stokely Carmichael , Strom Thurmond , Robert F. Kennedy , Margaret Thatcher , Madeleine Albright , Vicente Fox , Ehud Barak , and multiple Presidents of

2091-498: A “Sanctuary Campus” for undocumented immigrants. From 12:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m., the students hosted a sit-in to pressure Chancellor Zeppos, who happened to be out of office. On Oct. 24 at 5:30 p.m., outside Kirkland Hall, students celebrated Halloween by spooking each other. Dr. BethAnn McLaughlin, a professor at Vanderbilt Medical School advocating for tenure, had her previously approved tenure decision overturned due to her involvement in multiple Title IX investigations. This decision

2214-1123: Is due to the form of testing in schools in Taiwan, in which students take a national entrance exam to determine their university qualifications. The most well known private university is Fu Jen Catholic University , and the oldest is Tunghai University . Since the 1990s, several private universities have opened in Vietnam including Ho Chi Minh City Open University being one of the first. Some characteristics of Vietnamese private universities as of 2010 are high (very high in some cases) tuition fees, poor infrastructure, limited faculty, and human resources. Private universities are often named after scholars ( Fulbright University Vietnam, Vo Truong Toan University, Nguyen Trai University, Luong The Vinh University, Chu Van An University, Yersin University, Phan Chau Trinh University), or heroes/legends ( Hung Vuong University, Quang Trung University); although there are exceptions such as FPT University , named after

2337-540: Is home to several private universities, including Sohar University , the University of Nizwa , Middle East College , and the German University of Technology in Oman . These universities offer a range of undergraduate, graduate, and professional programs in fields such as business, engineering, and information technology. Private universities in Oman offer a more personalized and interactive learning experience, as

2460-496: Is one of the most selective universities in the United States. In 2015, Vanderbilt was ranked fifth overall and fourth among private universities in enrollment of National Merit Scholars. In its most recent annual comparison of admissions selectivity, The Princeton Review gave Vanderbilt a rating of 99 out of 99. The class of 2023 included 231 National Merit Scholars and 116 valedictorians or salutatorians . Additionally,

2583-731: Is one private university in Madaba city, the American University of Madaba (AUM) . There are 11 private universities and colleges in Kuwait . There are 19 private universities in Lebanon. Among these, the American University of Beirut and the Lebanese American University are internationally acknowledged. The languages used for teaching in private universities are mainly French and English ; Arabic

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2706-487: Is rarer, and they sometimes establish partnerships with public universities. Kirkland Hall Kirkland Hall , designed by William Crawford Smith , was built in 1874 as the first teaching building at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee . Located on the then 74-acre main campus of Vanderbilt, it burned down in 1905 due to a large fire and was rebuilt in 1906. In the following years, many renovations and reconstructions took place on various scales. In 2015,

2829-509: Is responsible for the accreditation of these institutes and degrees. These mostly provide undergraduate degrees with a few providing postgraduate degrees. The Informatics Institute of Sri Lanka (IIT), NSBM Green University (NSBM), Horizon Campus and Sri Lanka Institute for Information Technology (SLIIT) are examples. Some foreign universities franchise parts of their degree courses in Sri Lanka with local institutes. Students are charged for

2952-563: Is speculation that the school initially intended to rebuild both towers of the original Kirkland Hall but lacked the funds to do so. Many of the university's early leaders had prominent ties to slavery and the Confederacy before the Civil War. Frank Vanderbilt was "a Confederate sympathizer" during the Civil War. McTyeire was born into a slave-owning family and authored an essay in favor of slavery. Garland owned "up to 60 slaves" before

3075-742: Is widely used in religious universities and Armenian is used in the Armenian university. The first university opened in Lebanon was the Syrian Protestant College in 1866 (which became the American University of Beirut in 1921). It was founded by Daniel Bliss, a Protestant missionary. The second university opened in Lebanon was the Université Saint-Joseph , founded by the Jesuits in 1875. Oman

3198-569: The Times Higher Education 2016 World University Rankings, Vanderbilt is 87th. The 2023 QS World University Rankings ranked Vanderbilt 199th in the world. Human Resources & Labor Review , a national human competitiveness index & analysis, ranked the university as one of 50 Best World Universities in 2011. Poets & Writers ranked Vanderbilt's English Department's MFA Program in Creative Writing 18th among

3321-607: The American Civil War . Vanderbilt is a founding member of the Southeastern Conference and has been the conference's only private school since 1966. The university comprises ten schools and enrolls nearly 13,800 students from the US and 70 foreign countries. Vanderbilt is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". Several research centers and institutes are affiliated with

3444-693: The American University in Cairo , the German University in Cairo , The British University in Egypt , the Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport , Misr University for Science and Technology , Misr International University , Future University in Egypt and the Modern Sciences and Arts University . In addition to the state-funded national and private universities in Egypt , international university institutions were founded in

3567-755: The College of Arts and Science , the School of Engineering , Peabody College of Education and Human Development , and Blair School of Music . The university also has six graduate and professional schools, including the Divinity School , Graduate School , Law School , School of Medicine , School of Nursing , and Owen Graduate School of Management . As of 2021, Vanderbilt has a student-to-faculty ratio of 8:1. The university's undergraduate programs are highly selective: in 2022, Vanderbilt's acceptance rate and yield rate were 6.1% and 52.3%, respectively. Vanderbilt

3690-823: The FPT Corporation and Tan Tao University in Tan Tao Group . In Vietnam, there are also "semi-private university"; schools in this category which can receive partial financial support from the government. Almost all private universities have to invite professors and lecturers from state universities. Many lecturers from state-owned universities take up positions in private universities after their retirement. There are numerous private universities and independent faculties in Armenia , mostly in Yerevan . As of 2022, there are 31 private higher education institutions in

3813-558: The General Education Board ; and Calhoun Hall, named for William Henry Calhoun , a silversmith and Odd Fellows Grand Master. In 1933, the United Daughters of the Confederacy donated $ 50,000 (roughly $ 925,166 in 2015 dollars) for the construction of Confederate Memorial Hall , designed by architect Henry C. Hibbs . It was completed in 1935. In the 1930s, Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues in

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3936-679: The International University Vienna , whose accreditation was withdrawn in 2003 due to academic misconduct; Imadec University , whose first accreditation period ended in January 2006 and was not renewed; TCM Privatuniversität Li Shi Zhen in Vienna , whose accreditation period ended 2009 without renewal students; and PEF Private University of Management Vienna , which closed for economic reasons in March 2012. Belgium makes

4059-540: The New Administrative Capital and are hosting branches of Universities from abroad. The Knowledge Hub (TKH) and European Universities in Egypt (EUE) are among these institutions. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church doctrine embraces traditional higher institutions in Ethiopia . Modern higher education could be traced back to the regime of Emperor Haile Selassie , with the first university,

4182-539: The Private Universities Act, 1992 was instituted, consolidated, and re-enacted as the Private Universities Act, 2010 . All private universities must be approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) before they are given a permit to operate. As of April 2018, there were 97 private universities in Bangladesh . Private institutions must confer the students with external programs such as BDTVEC,

4305-414: The School of Medicine invented methods for cultivating viruses and rickettsiae in fertilized chicken eggs. This work made possible the production of vaccines against chicken pox , smallpox , yellow fever , typhus , Rocky mountain spotted fever and other diseases caused by agents that only propagate in living cells. Alfred Blalock , Professor of Surgery, and his assistant Vivian Thomas identified

4428-635: The Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition , a statue of Cornelius Vanderbilt, designed by Italian sculptor Giuseppe Moretti , was moved from the grounds of the Parthenon to the Vanderbilt campus. In 1905, Main Building (Kirkland Hall), which originally had two Victorian towers, burnt down and was rebuilt in an Italianate design with a single 170-foot tower after the university received donations totaling over $ 50,000. There

4551-727: The UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Standards in Private Universities) Regulations, 2003 . Per the UGC act and these regulations, private universities are established by acts of state legislative assemblies and listed by the UGC in the Gazette upon receiving the relevant act. As confirmed by the ruling of the Supreme Court of India , recognition by the UGC is required for the university to operate. Also, per

4674-697: The periodic table of elements with the symbol Ts, collaborating with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Moscow Oblast , Russia and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory . It was officially named after the state of Tennessee by the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics in 2016. The university's research record is blemished, however, by a study university researchers, in conjunction with

4797-705: The 14th best college in America, and the 16th hardest college to get into in America. In the 2024 graduate program rankings, U.S. News & World Report ranked the Peabody College of Education the 5th best national school of education, the Vanderbilt University Law School the 19th best national law school, the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine the 5th best national research-oriented medical school,

4920-520: The 1950s, fraternities and sororities dominated much of Vanderbilt student life. By 1959, 76 percent of male students and 79 percent of female students were involved in social fraternities and sororities. Then-Chancellor Harvie Branscomb sought a reformation to shift students' sense of belonging from their fraternities and sororities to the university itself. The reform, which began in early 1951, faced significant resistance. In April and May 1959, violence broke out. On Sunday, May 17, students orchestrated

5043-720: The 2003 regulations, the UGC sends committees to inspect the private universities and publishes their inspection report. The UGC publishes and regularly updates the lists of private universities. As of 23 August 2022 , the UGC lists 421 private universities. As of 2010 , Japan had 597 private universities, 86 national universities , and 95 public universities . Private universities thus account for over 75% of all universities in Japan. A large number of junior colleges in Japan are private and like public and national universities, many private universities use National Center Test for University Admissions as an entrance exam . There

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5166-455: The 21st century. However, since then, Ghana has seen a flood of private universities and colleges established – a reflection of the country's stable governance and the pace of economic growth. Most of these universities are not known to be sponsored by foreign corporate organizations or government universities and the aim is to avoid the Ghanaian government's excessive payment of bonds, which is

5289-509: The Auston Institute of Management, Singapore. The Sri Lanka campus was established in 2010 and is a Board of Investment or (BOI) company. It retains a similar focus to the home campus and occupies a prime spot along Colombo's famous Galle Road. In Taiwan , private universities are typically not as prestigious as some public (national) universities. They are not ranked as high as public institutions and cost nearly twice as much. This

5412-540: The Board of Trust voted to limit Methodist representation on the board to just five bishops. Former faculty member and bishop Elijah Hoss led a group attempting to assert Methodist control. In 1910, the board refused to seat three Methodist bishops. The Methodist Church took the issue to court and won at the local level. On March 21, 1914, the Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that the Commodore, and not

5535-580: The Board of Trustees approved a recommendation from Chancellor Branscomb to admit African Americans in all of the university's educational schools. The first black undergraduates entered the school in the fall of 1964. The university drew national attention in 1966 when it recruited Perry Wallace , the first African American to play varsity basketball in the Southeastern Conference (SEC). Wallace, from Nashville, played varsity basketball for Vanderbilt from 1967 to 1970, and faced considerable opposition from segregationists when playing at other SEC venues. In 2004,

5658-784: The Burlington Plantation. In 2015, Vanderbilt opened a new innovation center, the Wond'ry, as part of its Academic Strategic Plan. The three-story, 13,000-square foot building is meant to serve as an interdisciplinary hub of knowledge for the Vanderbilt community, serving as the location of hackathons , partnerships with the Nashville Entrepreneurship Center, and several social venture programs. In April 2024, Vanderbilt University students joined other campuses in support of Palestine by setting up an encampment on campus. The protestors demanded that

5781-538: The Center for Intelligent Mechatronics at Vanderbilt began testing a powered exoskeleton intended to assist paraplegics , stroke victims and other paralyzed or semi-paralyzed people to walk independently. The Vanderbilt exoskeleton received funding from Parker Hannifin Corporation in 2012 and has since gone to market internationally. Vanderbilt is a discovering institution of tennessine , atomic number 117 on

5904-486: The Civil War. One of the founding trustees, Hezekiah William Foote , was a Confederate veteran and the owner of four plantations in Mississippi , including Mount Holly . The Treasurer of the Board of Trust from 1872 to 1875, Alexander Little Page Green , whose portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall, was a Methodist preacher and a former slave owner. His son-in-law, Robert A. Young , was a Methodist minister who served as

6027-661: The Department of Physics in 1940, and in the following year, he met Italian microbiologist Salvador Luria . In 1942, they published on bacterial resistance to virus infection mediated by random mutation . The culminating Luria–Delbrück experiment , also called the Fluctuation Test, demonstrated that Darwin's theory of natural selection acting on random mutations applies to bacteria as well as to more complex organisms. The 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

6150-501: The Engineering building could no longer house them all. The critical moment came on February 19, 1932, when Wesley Hall burned down. The reconstruction cost for Wesley Hall was too great to be met, and it was not rebuilt. Consequently, the student body had to be disseminated to other classrooms, worsening the situation. Despite all these years of challenges, College Hall stood resilient. A non-negligible contributor to its endurance

6273-606: The FUTURE VU Initiative was proposed, with one of the projects being the Kirkland Hall renovation. Initially projected to be completed in October 2023, the project was only finalized in the early months of 2024. The original Kirkland Hall – also known as Main Building, Old Main, University Hall, and College Hall – was initially constructed in the Victorian Gothic style, featuring two towers flanking

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6396-444: The Financial Secretary on the Board of Trust from 1874 to 1882, retiring from the board in 1902. The Elliston family, who owned slaves, donated some of their Burlington Plantation , in one of the first expansions of the campus. During the first 40 years, the Board of Trust, and therefore the university, was under the control of the General Conference (the governing body) of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South . Tension grew between

6519-445: The Main Building met the water supply demands of the college. On Thursday, April 20, 1905, Vanderbilt students attended their morning classes as usual, unaware of what was forthcoming. Around 11 a.m., they smelled smoke, and later, when the blaze was discovered, it was already uncontrollable due to the ineffectiveness of the water system. Students fled the building, some bringing their books with them. Many threw books and lab apparatus,

6642-413: The Methodist Church, was the university's founder and that the board could therefore seat whomever it wished. The General Conference in 1914 voted 151 to 140 to sever its ties with Vanderbilt; it also voted to establish a new university, Southern Methodist University , and to greatly expand Emory University . Colonel Edmund William Cole , the treasurer of the Board of Trust, was a Confederate veteran and

6765-413: The Owen Graduate School of Management was ranked 25th by Bloomberg Businessweek among full-time MBA programs. The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks Vanderbilt as the 64th-best university in the world. Additionally the ARWU Field rankings in 2022 placed Vanderbilt as fourth best in the world for Education and Library & Information Science, 14th in Law, and 20th in Political Science. In

6888-407: The Peabody campus to Memorial Hall. Nationwide attention resulted, in part due to a lawsuit by the Tennessee chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The Davidson County Chancery Court dismissed the lawsuit in 2003, but the Tennessee Court of Appeals ruled in May 2005 that the university must pay damages based on the present value of the United Daughters of the Confederacy's contribution if

7011-537: The South and 10% from outside of the United States. As of 2022, the incoming undergraduate class was 49% male and 51% female. Moreover, 12.7% of the class was classified as Hispanic, 11.9% Black or African American, 16.9% Asian, 6% other/two or more races, and 10.4% international. 88% of Vanderbilt's students graduate in four years and 93% within six years. 97% of first-years return for their second year. Vanderbilt lets undergraduates choose among 70 majors , or create their own, in its four undergraduate schools and colleges:

7134-415: The Tennessee Department of Health, conducted on iron metabolism during pregnancy in the 1940s. Between 1945 and 1949, over 800 pregnant women were given radioactive iron. Standards of informed consent for research subjects were not rigorously enforced at that time, and many of the women were not informed of the potential risks. The injections were later suspected to have caused cancer in at least three of

7257-436: The United States at the time, had been planning to establish a university on Staten Island , New York. However, McTyeire convinced him to donate $ 500,000 to endow Central University in order to "contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country". Vanderbilt eventually increased the endowment to $ 1 million (roughly $ 25 million in 2023), and though he never expressed any desire that

7380-428: The United States. In March 1978, Vanderbilt hosted the South African tennis team in Memorial Gymnasium for the Davis Cup . The match was disrupted by anti-apartheid protesters who chanted "Don't play with apartheid", and a copy editor for The Tennessean was removed by police. In 1979, Vanderbilt acquired Peabody College , then called the "George Peabody College for Teachers", residing on 53 acres adjacent to

7503-411: The University College of Addis Ababa (now called the Addis Ababa University or AAU) formed in 1950. In 1954, the Haramaya University opened. As of 2022, there are 83 private universities, 42 public universities, and more than 35 institutions of higher learning. There are 16,305 students enrolled in higher education as a whole. There were a few private universities in Ghana before the beginning of

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7626-460: The University Grant Commission (UGC), is the primary regulator of higher education in Pakistan . It also facilitates the development of the higher educational system in Pakistan. Its main purpose is to upgrade the schools to be world-class centers of education, research, and development. It also plays a leading role in building a knowledge-based economy in Pakistan by giving out hundreds of doctoral scholarships for education abroad every year. Despite

7749-404: The Vanderbilt University School of Nursing the 4th best national nursing school, the School of Engineering the 41st best national engineering school, and the Owen Graduate School of Management the 20th best national business school. Additionally, U.S. News & World Report ranked Vanderbilt 1st in the nation in the fields of special education, educational administration, and audiology . In 2024,

7872-418: The children on campus collected $ 553, enough for a new clock and bell. The raised funds were able to meet the restoration costs of the building. He and his engineers directed the project. Although the rebuilding of the Main failed to include a new library due to a rejection of the expected grant from Andrew Carnegie , the restoration, in general, was satisfying to the Vanderbilt community. A flat roof replaced

7995-428: The children who were born to these mothers. In 1998, the university settled a class action lawsuit with the mothers and surviving children for $ 10.3 million. Vanderbilt consistently ranks among the top universities in the United States. In the 2023 edition of 'Best National Universities' by U.S. News & World Report , Vanderbilt ranked 13th in a tie with Brown University. In 2024, Niche ranked Vanderbilt

8118-533: The class had standardized test scores that were well above average: the interquartile range (25th percentile – 75th percentile) of SAT scores was 1460–1560, while the interquartile range of ACT scores was 33–35. For students of the class of 2016 whose schools reported exact class rankings, 93% ranked in the top 10% of their class. According to the National Science Foundation , Vanderbilt spent $ 1 billion on research and development in 2021, ranking it 24th among American universities. In 2013, Vanderbilt University

8241-417: The company from its endowment in 2013, and Chancellor Nicholas Zeppos personally responded to the letter submitted by the activists. In 2015, Vanderbilt's Hidden Dores, led by Akaninyene Ruffin, silently marched to Kirkland Hall. Each student presented a signed list of demands to Zeppos, advocating for a more prominent student role in discussions regarding diversity, equity, and inclusion. They also emphasized

8364-423: The contrary, the Free University of Brussels (nowadays split into ULB and VUB ) was founded by masonic individuals. All of these institutions began to be recognized by the State from 1891 onwards. It is forbidden by law to call a fully private institution "university" or "faculty", meaning fully private (non- free ) 'universities' have limited visibility. Bulgaria has many private universities, among which

8487-443: The country, most notably the American University of Armenia and the Eurasia International University . In Austria , educational institutions must be authorized by the country to legally grant academic degrees . All state-run universities are governed by the 2002 Austrian Universities' and University Degree Programmes' Organisation Act (Federal Law Gazette No. 120/2002). In 1999, a federal law ( Universitäts-Akkreditierungsgesetz )

8610-409: The criticism of the HEC, its creation had a positive impact on higher education in Pakistan. Its two-year report for 2004 to 2006 states that according to the Institute of Scientific Information, the total number of publications appearing in the 8,000 leading journals indexed in the Web of Science arising out of Pakistan in 2005 was 1,259 articles, representing a 41% increase over the past two years and

8733-411: The deans. The names of as many boys as possible were collected for disciplinary actions. The "Ghost of Kirkland" was accused, and the hackers were initially expelled, although they were later allowed to make up for the semester while remaining on probation. In 1960, another picketing took place at Kirkland Hall. In early March, Divinity School students picketed Kirkland Hall in support of James Lawson ,

8856-811: The eighth-best value university in the nation. Vanderbilt is ranked the 98th best university in the world in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings . Reuters ranked it the 19th most innovative university in the world. Private university Across the world, different countries have different regulations regarding accreditation for private universities and as such, private universities are more common in some countries than in others. Some countries do not have any private universities at all. Egypt currently has 21 public universities with about two million students and 23 private universities with 60,000 students. Egypt has many private universities including

8979-488: The fall of 1875, about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt, and in October the university was dedicated. Bishop McTyeire was named chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment. McTyeire named Landon Garland (1810–1895), his mentor from Randolph-Macon College , as chancellor . Garland shaped the school's structure and hired the school's faculty. Most of this faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire, including over pay rates. When

9102-532: The first buildings of the Vanderbilt Campus. In April 1874, Smith joined in laying the cornerstone of the first main building, now known as Kirkland Hall. The building housed classrooms, libraries, laboratories, seven new faculty homes, and a small observatory. From the onset of the Main Building's construction, its design was overseen by the first Chancellor, Landon C. Garland , who was assigned by Bishop McTyeire to collaborate with William C. Smith on

9225-446: The first fraternity chapter, Phi Delta Theta , was established on campus in 1876, it was shut down by the faculty, only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877. In 1880, Old Gym , a Victorian building designed by Peter J. Williamson , was completed and became the university's first gymnasium. By 1883, the Board of Trust passed a resolution allowing fraternities on campus, and more chapters were established in 1884. Following

9348-544: The first to gain degree awarding status was Hajvery University, Lahore (HU), established in 1990. From 2003–2004, Pakistan had a total of 83 private degree granting institutions. There are nine private universities in Saudi Arabia . In Sri Lanka , state-recognized private institutes are allowed to award degrees under Section 25A of the Universities Act No. 16 of 1978. The University Grants Commission

9471-532: The first women graduated as engineers. Women's rights advocate Maryly Van Leer Peck graduated as the first chemical engineer in 1951 after not being able to study this field at Georgia Tech where her father was president. In 1953, Chancellor Branscomb orchestrated admission of the first African American student to Vanderbilt, in the School of Divinity . In 1960, under intense pressure from the Vanderbilt Board of Trust, especially James Geddes Stahlman ,

9594-500: The four classroom buildings exhibited inadequacies in meeting the booming academic needs of all students. In 1925, 162 law students occupied the top floor of College Hall, and over 1,000 students crammed into the four class buildings - Main, Furman, Science, and Engineering. The circumstances became even more dire in 1927 when an additional 20,000 volumes of selected books were added to College Hall's 50,000-volume repertoire. By 1933, College Hall had to accommodate engineering students, as

9717-476: The ground, the morale of the Vanderbilt community remained high. Before this fire, the university was in a serious financial crisis and had failed to meet its proposed academic expenses. Chancellor James Kirkland, seeing an opportunity in the crisis, deemed the fire the perfect time for fundraising. William K. Vanderbilt , grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt , contributed $ 150,000; the citizens of Nashville pledged over $ 50,000; and alumni contributed around $ 10,000. Even

9840-693: The heart of Nashville, 1.5 miles (2.4 km) from downtown. Vanderbilt alumni, faculty, and staff have included 54 current and former members of the United States Congress , 18 U.S. Ambassadors , 13 governors, 9 Nobel Prize laureates, 2 Vice Presidents of the United States , and 2 U.S. Supreme Court Justices . Other notable alumni include 3 Pulitzer Prize winners, 27 Rhodes Scholars , 2 Academy Award winners, 1 Grammy Award winner, 6 MacArthur Fellows , 4 foreign heads of state, and 5 Olympic medalists . Vanderbilt has more than 145,000 alumni, with 40 alumni clubs established worldwide. In

9963-556: The inscription and pay damages. In August 2016, the university agreed to remove the word "Confederate" from the building after "anonymous donors" donated $ 1.2 million to repay the United Daughters of the Confederacy. In 2009, Vanderbilt instituted a no-loan policy. The policy states that any student granted admission and a need-based aid package will have an award that includes no student loans. Following this, in 2015, Vanderbilt implemented Opportunity Vanderbilt, which committed

10086-424: The inscription bearing the name "Confederate Memorial Hall" was removed from the building or altered. The Court of Appeals' decision has been critiqued by legal scholars. In late July 2005, the university announced that although it had officially renamed the building, and all university publications and offices will refer to it solely as Memorial Hall , the university would neither appeal the matter further, nor remove

10209-643: The largest awarding body in the country, BTEC , and Cambridge International Examinations pathways. Accreditation by the Brunei Darussalam National Accreditation Council (BDNAC) is crucial to establish a private institution. Private universities have been established in Cambodia since 1997. Since 2003, joint-partnership private universities have been established in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Typically,

10332-608: The latter, he managed to strip the Methodist church's right to name board members, gaining Vanderbilt relative independence from the church. In 1937, he ended his tenure, and two years later, he died in Ontario. Kirkland is regarded as one of the most important chancellors in Vanderbilt history. After his death, the board renamed the Main Building in his honor. Today, Kirkland Hall is primarily used as an office building and no longer holds regular academic classes. However, it remains

10455-420: The modern form of the latter was developed by Harold Stirling Vanderbilt , a former president of the university's Board of Trust and a great-grandson of the Commodore. In addition, in mid-2004 it was announced that Vanderbilt's chemical biology research may have serendipitously opened the door to the breeding of a blue rose , something that has long been coveted by horticulturalists and rose lovers. In 2010,

10578-482: The most renowned are New Bulgarian University , located in the capital city Sofia ; Burgas Free University ; Varna Free University and American University in Bulgaria . Finland does not officially recognize private universities but does not explicitly forbid them either. Helsinki School of Business is an example of one such educational institution operating in this market. Since 1880, it has been illegal for

10701-603: The necessity of improvements in mental health assistance, curriculum, staffing, accountability, and policy. On Nov. 11, 2016, hundreds of members of the Vanderbilt community gathered to protest Donald Trump 's election as president. The demonstrators marched across campus, passing through Rand Hall, Sarratt Student Center, the Divinity School, Law School, Warren and Moore Colleges, Wilson Hall, and finally reaching Kirkland Hall. Five days later, students sat outside Kirkland Hall, demanding that Zeppos declare Vanderbilt

10824-459: The original gables, a single tower was erected, and perhaps most importantly, the interior was reinforced with concrete, making it finally fireproof. Despite lacking the old magnificence, the construction of the new Main (then called College Hall) nonetheless manifested the solidarity of the Vanderbilt community. In the following years, College Hall constantly faced the pressure of limited spatial capacity. By World War I , enrollment had soared, and

10947-715: The partners may include a Chinese university and a non-Chinese institution. English is often the only language of instruction at such universities and many focus on providing a comprehensive liberal arts education modeled after research universities in the United States and Europe. Universities in India are recognized by the University Grants Commission (UGC), which draws its power from the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 . Private universities in India are regulated under

11070-468: The precious assets that Chancellor Garland had brought back to Vanderbilt decades ago, out of the windows. The Nashville fire department arrived but was unable to save the building. The Old Main, proudly standing for almost 20 years, was reduced to only the outer shell. Fortunately, casualties were minimal, and many books and machines were saved. The main library, located on the top floor, originally contained around 22,000 books, 4,000 of which were saved by

11193-545: The project was expected to be completed in October 2023 but was only finished in early 2024. James Hampton Kirkland was born and raised in Spartanburg, South Carolina on September 9, 1859. He received his college education at Wofford College in Spartanburg and earned his PhD at Leipzig University . After graduation, he was appointed Professor of Latin at Vanderbilt University in 1886. Seven years later, he

11316-442: The project. Although Garland did not focus on the Victorian Gothic style in general, he was primarily concerned with supervising the design of scientific rooms in the Main Building. However, despite careful planning and inspections, the Main Building faced issues of overcrowding. During 1878–1879, the overcrowding problem was alleviated by Science Hall, which accommodated geology labs. In 1884–1885, Vanderbilt University experienced

11439-558: The ravaged state of the Reconstruction Era South delayed the opening of the college. The following year, McTyeire stayed at the New York City residence of Cornelius Vanderbilt . Vanderbilt's second wife, Frank Armstrong Crawford Vanderbilt (1839–1885), was a cousin of McTyeire's wife, Amelia Townsend McTyeire (1827–1891), and both women were from Mobile, Alabama . Cornelius Vanderbilt, the wealthiest man in

11562-512: The rear entry stairs, the rear 4th and 5th floors, elevators, and a dock ramp were added. The current HVAC and electrical systems were installed in 1988. To celebrate the 150th anniversary of its founding, Vanderbilt dedicated over $ 20 million to completing the fifth project of FUTURE VU—the renovation of Kirkland Hall—which began in 2022 and concluded in 2023. In a 2023 debrief, Chancellor Daniel Diermeier admitted that Kirkland Hall had not been renovated for around 25 years and faced issues with

11685-652: The recent discovery of oil and gas in commercial quantities has influenced the development of oil and gas management courses within the private universities' curricula. Libya has several recognized private education institutions and universities that have been approved by the Ministry of Higher Education. They are ranked and qualified to specialize in academic programs in Business Administration, Computer Science, Law, Medicine, and Humanitarianism. The National Universities Commission of Nigeria holds

11808-796: The responsibility to approve private universities and accredit their courses. This ensures a minimum standard in curriculum and teaching. There are currently 60 approved private universities in Nigeria and many applications are being processed. In South Africa , there are many distinctions between public universities and what are officially termed private higher education institutions. Recognized private higher education institutions include Akademia ( af ), Regent Business School , Eduvos , Varsity College , Vega School , Milpark , Midrand Graduate Institute , and Regenesys Business School . Numerous private universities were established in Bangladesh after

11931-428: The same privileges including social security, foreign law, and state scholarships as students at state universities. Educational services of private universities are not subject to value added tax , and donations are tax-deductible. Accreditations must be renewed regularly and can be withdrawn, e.g., in the case of repeated academic misconduct as happened in 2003 when the accreditation of International University Vienna

12054-430: The start of the 2024-25 academic year, Vanderbilt imposed mandatory training for students in an attempt to suppress disruptions. As of 2021, Vanderbilt had an enrollment of 7,111 undergraduate and 6,685 graduate and professional students, for a total of 13,796 students. Students from all 50 states and more than 100 countries attend Vanderbilt, with approximately 68% of the undergraduate student body coming from outside

12177-684: The student-teacher ratio is typically lower and there are more opportunities for hands-on learning. Additionally, private universities in Oman often have more flexible curriculums and can respond quickly to changing labor markets and global trends.   All private universities in Oman must be recognized by the Omani Ministry of Higher Education to offer degree programs and receive approval for new degrees. The Ministry has procedures and standards that all universities must meet to receive accreditation and recognition as an institution of higher education. The Higher Education Commission (HEC), formerly

12300-460: The students. On that day, Chancellor James Kirkland addressed the calamity in a letter to the anxious student body. He reassured them that the academic program would not be interrupted and praised the student body for standing with Vanderbilt University with unwavering confidence. The next morning, Friday, classes began normally at 8 a.m. in substitute buildings. The year 1905 was a critical one for Vanderbilt. Although its Main Building had burnt to

12423-403: The study (some of these institutes are state-funded institutions of their home countries) and these charges are often a fraction of the cost of studying in the home countries of these institutions. Efforts to establish private universities have been blocked due to protests from state universities' undergraduates and leftist political parties. Many private colleges have sprung up since, including

12546-721: The term "university" as opposed to "private university" in their advertisements in all languages except German while still complying with Austrian law. While the legal definition of "private university" prohibits funding by the federal government of Austria, funding by other public bodies is not prohibited. Consequently, some of Austria's private universities are partly or wholly funded by provincial governments, while others are fully privately funded. Accreditation of private universities began in 2001. As of 2020 , Austria has 16 private universities. Most are small (fewer than 1000 students) and specialize in only one or two fields of study. Four former private universities are not accredited anymore:

12669-501: The top 50 writing programs in the United States in 2010 and 14th in the United States in 2011. Fortune magazine ranked Vanderbilt among the top 100 places to work in the United States, the only university on their list. In 2018, Kiplinger's Best College Values rankings listed Vanderbilt as one of the top ten "best value" universities and one of the top five private universities for value. In 2020, Money 's "Best Colleges in America, Ranked by Value" rankings listed Vanderbilt as being

12792-400: The undergraduate student body was African-American. In 2001, the university determined to remodel the undergraduate experience by creating an academic residential college system. Since then Vanderbilt has been constructing new buildings and renovating existing structures to support the college system. In 2002, the university decided to rename Confederate Memorial Hall, a residence hall on

12915-441: The university boycott companies that support Israel and demanded an end to what they call a Palestinian genocide . The protests escalated when the administration blocked a student vote on a BDS resolution. Students were forcibly removed by police from a building with three arrests. In an extreme reaction compared to other universities, the three students were expelled.  More than 170 faculty members opposed this expulsion. With

13038-573: The university administration and the Conference over the future of the school, particularly over the methods by which members of the Vanderbilt Board of Trust would be chosen, and the extent that non-Methodists could teach at the school. Conflicts escalated after James H. Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893. Then the Southern Methodist Church congregations raised just $ 50,000 in a campaign to raise $ 300,000. Meanwhile,

13161-459: The university be named after him, McTyeire and his fellow trustees rechristened the school in the Spring of 1873 in his honor. They acquired land from Confederate Congressman Henry S. Foote , who had built Old Central, a house still standing on campus. The first building, Main Building, later known as Kirkland Hall , was designed by William Crawford Smith , and its construction began in 1874. In

13284-798: The university to need-blind admissions, meeting 100% of demonstrated financial need of admitted students, and including only grants in awards. In 2011, the Oakland Institute exposed a university investment in EMVest Asset Management , a private equity firm "accused of ' land grabbing ,' or taking over agricultural land used by local communities through exploitative practices for large-scale commercial export farming in five sub-Saharan African countries. The revelation led to student protests in 2012. By 2013, Vanderbilt administrators had divested from EMVest. In 2012, Vanderbilt built Elliston Hall in honor of Elizabeth Boddie Elliston of

13407-628: The university, including the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities , the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center , and Dyer Observatory . Vanderbilt University Medical Center , formerly part of the university, became a separate institution in 2016. With the exception of the off-campus observatory , all of the university's facilities are situated on its 330-acre (1.3 km) campus in

13530-412: The university, the board renamed the building from Old Main (recently called College Hall) to Kirkland Hall. Until March 2024, the renovation of Kirkland Hall remained closed, allegedly due to construction. Protests took place both inside and outside the building, leading to the suspension of several students. In July 1874, Bishop McTyeire commissioned William Crawford Smith to design and construct

13653-605: The university. Peabody College traces its history to the 1785 Davidson Academy. In the early 1980s, Vanderbilt University was an investor the Corrections Corporation of America prior to its IPO. The company was co-founded by Thomas W. Beasley , a Vanderbilt Law School alumnus who was honored with a Distinguished Alumnus Award. In 1989, the university began offering Posse Foundation scholarships to groups of promising young leaders from urban backgrounds to increase their share of diverse students. By 1995, 4.23% of

13776-412: The water system, windows, floor instabilities, and other problems. The project, led by Centric Architecture, a Nashville-based design firm, aimed to enhance accessibility and inclusion, connectivity and community engagement, and sustainability. Key project details include making the entrance accessible, repairing the roof and drainage system, and redesigning the restrooms to be gender-neutral. Initially,

13899-665: The years before the American Civil War of 1861–1865, the Methodist Episcopal Church South had been considering the creation of a regional university for the training of ministers in a location central to its congregations. Following lobbying by Nashville bishop Holland Nimmons McTyeire , church leaders voted to found "The Central University of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South" in Nashville in 1872. However, lack of funds and

14022-439: Was James Hampton Kirkland. During his tenure at Vanderbilt, he boosted enrollment, grew the faculty, developed the campus, raised funds, and saved the institution from many crises. On January 2, 1937, Kirkland submitted his official resignation letter. Two years later, on August 5, 1939, he passed away shortly after moving to his lakeside cabin in Ontario. Out of respect, the Board of Trust renamed College Hall to Kirkland Hall. In

14145-454: Was appointed as Vanderbilt University's second Chancellor. During his tenure, he raised funds, developed the campus, and led Vanderbilt University through various crises. Two prominent contributions included the 1905 Main Fire and the 1910 Methodist conflict. In the former crisis, he helped boost morale, raised renovation funds, and resumed the normal academic schedule as quickly as possible. In

14268-557: Was awarded to both scientists. Shortly after the war, from 1945 to 1947, researchers at Vanderbilt University conducted an experiment funded by the Rockefeller Foundation where they gave 800 pregnant women radioactive iron without their consent. In a lawsuit the women received $ 9.1 million from Vanderbilt University and $ 900,000 from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1998. In the early 1950s, some of

14391-531: Was identified as the leading organizer, and as tensions grew, he was accused of advising young people to violate the law. Facing immense pressure, Chancellor Branscomb held board meetings to discuss action against Lawson, which eventually led to his expulsion. The debate over the controversial decision was relentless, and Kirkland Hall was one of the locations where protestors gathered. Six years later, in 1966, an expansion and renovation of Kirkland Hall began, following ambitious academic facility expansions. In 1968,

14514-614: Was passed to allow the accreditation of private universities. The Akkreditierungsrat (Accreditation Council) evaluates applicants and issues recommendations to the responsible Austrian accreditation authority (the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science & Research). Accreditation by the council yields a couple of privileges: degrees issued by accredited private universities have the same legal status as those issued by state-run universities. Private universities can appoint or promote professors . Their students enjoy

14637-480: Was placed on probation for a year by the American Association of Theological Schools , and the power of trustees was curtailed. The university took Stahlman's $ 5 million donation in 1972–1973, and named a professorship in his honor. In 2005, Lawson was re-hired as a Distinguished University Professor for the 2006–2007 academic year. He was named a Distinguished Alumnus for his achievements. In May 1962

14760-491: Was ranked 12th in the country in funding from the National Institutes of Health. Its Institute for Space and Defense Electronics , housed in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, includes the largest academic facility in the world involved in radiation-effects research. Among its more unusual activities, the university has institutes devoted to the study of coffee and of bridge . Indeed,

14883-419: Was reportedly a retaliation by some members of the university. The only remedy was for Chancellor Zeppos, who had the final say on this matter, to overturn her rejection. Students supporting Dr. McLaughlin held sit-ins in front of Kirkland Hall. Dores Divest organized a climate walkout at 12 p.m. CST on February 16, 2022, in front of Rand Dining Hall. The walkout ended with a march to Kirkland Hall. The purpose

15006-450: Was to protest the university's investment in fossil fuels. On March 26, 2024, a group of students entered Kirkland Hall with the intention of protesting while it was reportedly still closed for construction, demanding a higher degree of free speech amidst the ongoing conflict in Gaza. The sit-in continued until 6 a.m. the next morning, resulting in 27 students being suspended. Eli Motycka,

15129-541: Was withdrawn. In 2006, when the accreditation of Imadec University expired, the Accreditation Council rejected any renewal requests. Austrian law provides that private universities in Austria must use the term Privatuniversität ("private university") in their German names, although their formal names in other languages are not regulated. Thus, there is the possibility of private institutions employing

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