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43-665: The city hosts Vasylkiv Air Base and is an industrial centre, producing electrical appliances and leather goods. Population: 37,068 (2022 estimate). Vasylkiv was founded in 988 CE, and fortified in the 11th century . According to the Primary Chronicle , it was the place where Vladimir the Great 's numerous wives lived. After the Christianization of Kyiv , Vladimir built there a fortress and named it Vasilev , after his patron saint , Saint Basil (Vasily). In

86-495: A Treaty . It was also where peace was achieved with the signing of the Treaty of Bila Tserkva . In 1666, six-thousand Muscovite troops laid siege to Bila Tserkva. The standoff lasted until the following year when Polish reinforcements led by Jan Stachurski with the aid of allied Cossacks and Iwan Brzuchowiecki smashed Petro Doroshenko 's stranglehold. The next owner was Great Crown Hetman Stanislaw Jan Jabłonowski. In 1702,

129-463: A centre of agricultural education. During the Cold War , a major Soviet Air Force base was located near the city. As part of independent Ukraine, Bila Tserkva served as a city of regional significance until 2020. In the aftermath of the administrative reform, it became the centre of one of hromadas (communities) of Kyiv Oblast. Founded in 1032, the city was originally named Yuriiv by Yaroslav

172-511: A rebel-peasant unit in the Kladova tract near the village of Dzvinkova, which conducted combat operations against the occupiers together with Ataman Zeleni's units. Since 1920 - under Bolshevik rule. On August 24, 1919, during the offensive on Kyiv, Vasylkov was approached by units of the UNR Army. According to patrol reports, the city was occupied by enemy infantry. After the battle of Vasylkiv,

215-618: A slight majority of the population at 52.9% of the city's total population, or 18,720 total inhabitants. According to the Jewish Virtual Library, in 1904, Jews owned 250 workshops and 25 factories engaged in light industry employing 300 Jewish workers." Cossack -led attacks, Stalin's purges , pogroms and the Holocaust , including the horrors of the Bila Tserkva massacre , caused a major demographic shift. By 2001, it

258-539: Is a city in central Ukraine . It is situated on the Ros River in the historical region of right-bank Ukraine . It is the largest city in Kyiv Oblast (which does not include the city of Kyiv ) and serves as the administrative centre of Bila Tserkva Raion and Bila Tserkva urban hromada , and has a population of 207,273 (2022 estimate). , 205,000 (2024 estimate). The oldest preserved document that mentions

301-402: Is almost 68 square kilometres (26 sq mi). Bila Tserkva is located at 49°47'58.6" North, 30°06'32.9" East and is 178 metres (584 ft) above sea level. The city has a total area of 67.8 square kilometres (26.2 sq mi). An important regional center during Lithuanian and, later, Polish rule, Bila Tserkva remained prominent due to its close proximity to Kyiv, and its place at

344-809: Is known for a variety of late 18th and early 19th-century buildings, courtesy of the Branickis, who ruled there during this era. Highlights include: The Winter Palace on the bank of the Ros River, the Summer Palace, an ensemble of postal station buildings, the Church of Saint John the Baptist (1789–1812), the Transfiguration Cathedral (1833–9), and the Church of Saint Mary Magdalene (1843). The Church of Saint Nicholas, whose construction

387-443: Is now a part of Ukraine's National Academy of Sciences , and currently cultivates more than 1,800 endemic and exotic plant species, with more than 600 species of exotic trees and shrubs alone, in addition to publishing academic research. Modern-day industry in the city includes Railway Brake product manufacturers "Tribo Rail", Tribo plant and a major automobile tire manufacturer "Rosava" . Architecturally, Bila Tserkva

430-774: Is provided by many private and public institutions. Its best known is the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University was founded in 1929 as a scientific research center publishing academic studies on modern agrobiotechnology, nature and environmental protection; the latest technologies for processing livestock products; biosafety, the veterinary welfare of livestock; regulation of bioresources and sustainable nature management; rationalization of social development of rural areas; economics of agro-industrial complex, legal sciences, linguistics and translation. They partner with institutions of higher learning worldwide, and participate in programs with Erasmus+,

473-712: The Decembrist movement and a branch of the Society of United Slavs formulating "plans to assassinate Tsar Alexander I ." A center of Hassidim, it also hosted vigorous factions arguing for assimilation. Home to many artists and writers, Sholem Aleichem and Shaye Shkarovsky spend periods writing there in Yiddish, and Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky was also writing in Ukrainian during this era. Education in Bila Tserkva

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516-484: The Decembrist movement and a branch of the Society of United Slavs formulating"plans to assassinate Tsar Alexander I by Sergei Muravev-Apostol and his co-conspirators." Home to many artists and writers, Sholem Aleichem and Shaye Shkarovsky were both writing in Yiddish, with Ivan Nechuy-Levytsky writing in Ukrainian. It also was the home of artists like Luka Dolinski and Halyna Nevinchana; as well as theater and film directors Eugene Deslaw and Les Kurbas . . During

559-691: The Kingdom of Poland within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , administratively in the Kijów Voivodeship , part of Lesser Poland Province . It was crown property, but in recognition of his great service, it was granted to the Castellan of Kraków , Janusz Ostrogski . The next owner was Stanisław Lubomirski (1583–1649) and during his time the town was granted Magdeburg Rights by Sigismund III Vasa in 1620. After subduing

602-606: The Second Partition of Poland in 1793. Meanwhile, after 1861, the Czarist authorities converted Roman Catholic churches into Orthodox Churches. By the late 18th century, however, Jews were already living in the region, and within a century they would comprise nearly half the population of the city. An important Jewish city, as a result, by the early 1900s it was a fount of idea about politics, religion, art, and culture, with an active Zionist movement, an active branch of

645-475: The 2014 Revolution of Dignity , Volodymyr Groysman became Ukraine's first Jewish prime minister. Three years later, Ukraine elected Volodymyr Zelenskyy as its first Jewish president. A 2017 Pew Research study found that Ukraine was the most accepting of Jews among all Central and Eastern European countries, a later research study in 2019 confirmed those results. The city is ocated on the Ros River about 80 km (50 mi) south of Kyiv . Its total area

688-558: The Baptist, and started construction of the Orthodox church, which was completed by his successor, his son Count Władysław Grzegorz Branicki . The latter also built the gymnasium-school complex in Bila Tserkva. Aleksander Branicki, the youngest grandson of the hetman, renovated and finished Mazepa's Orthodox church. Under the rule of count Władysław Michał Branicki, Bila Tserkva developed into a regional commercial and manufacturing centre. Various Polish Crown Army units were stationed in

731-507: The Black Zaporizhzhia Cavalry Regiment was freed from the occupying Russian troops. Until 18 July 2020, Vasylkiv was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Vasylkiv Raion even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, the city of Vasylkiv

774-673: The British Council, NATO and Fulbright, among several others. The city is home to football team FC Ros Bila Tserkva , which plays in the lower levels of competitions managed by the Football Federation of Ukraine : Kyiv Oblast Football Championship . The city is also home to hockey club Bilyi Bars , that plays on Bilyi Bars Ice Arena, built by Kostyantyn Efymenko Charitable Foundation ( Благодійний фонд Костянтина Єфименка ). Domestic transport and private flights provide services via Bila Tserkva Airport (UKBC), which

817-693: The Middle East and India, passing through it. From its earliest incarnation, Bila Tserkva was considered to provide important defense against nomadic tribes that included both the Cumans and the Tatars . However, a 13th century invasion by the Mongols devastated the city, and illustrated the fallibility of its defense. From 1363, Bila Tserkva belonged to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , and from 1569 to

860-486: The Wise , whose Christian name was Yuri. The contemporary name of the city, literally translated, is "White Church" and may refer to the white-painted cathedral (no longer extant) of medieval Yuriiv. In its long history, Bila Tserkva spent its first few hundred years privately owned, later, though the owner was typically a citizen of the ruling empire, it was organized as a fiefdom , with important trade routes to Kyiv, Hungary,

903-556: The army of hetman Ivan Vyhovsky 's brother Konstantin near Vasylkiv, after the Ukrainian hetman switched sides in favour of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . The first medical quarantine house in Ukraine was established in Vasylkiv in 1740. Through the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Vasylkiv remained an obscure place, almost forgotten in spite of the glorious history and connection to many earlier historic events, it

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946-533: The beginning of Operation Barbarossa in June 1941, the airfield was host to the 36th Fighter Aviation Division of the Air Defence Forces, comprising the 2nd, 43rd, 254th, and 255th Fighter Aviation Regiments. Units stationed at Vasylkiv included the 146th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment (146 Gv IAP) flying 41 Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25 PD aircraft. The regiment arrived at the base in 1950. The regiment

989-469: The castle was taken by the Cossack leader, Semen Paliy who made it his domain. In 1708, the town was overrun by prince Golitsyn 's Russian army. The next owner of the town was Jan Stanislaw Jabłonowski , then Stanisław Wincenty Jabłonowski who erected a catholic church. After him ownership passed to Jerzy August Mniszech. The town was substantially refortified. In 1774, Bila Tserkva (Biała Cerkiew), then

1032-533: The center of Europe's "breadbasket," with some of the continent's most fertile land. The city economy first began diversifying in the late 1700s, when Alexandra Branicki, the wife of the Polish Hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki had a 400-hectare landscaped park designed. In 1809–14, Market Stalls were created to provide space for 85 merchants at a time when the grain trade and sugar industry also began to contribute to

1075-519: The city at various times, including the 5th and 6th National Cavalry Brigades and 4th Infantry Regiment. In 1791, Russia's Catherine II , included Bila Tserkva in the region that came to be known as the Pale of Settlement , which encompassed parts of seven contemporary nations, including large swaths of modern-day Ukraine. Bila Tserkva was formally annexed into the Russian Empire as a result of

1118-496: The city took part in the failed Decembrist revolt against the Russian Empire in 1825. In 1918-1919, the city was liberated from Bolshevik control by the Ukrainian army several times, on February 28 the Battle of Vasylkiv took place. On April 5, the city was occupied by Ataman Zeleny's rebels, and the villagers of 7 surrounding villages joined these forces. During the liberation struggle, Marko Shlyakhovy, aka Ataman Karmelyuk, based

1161-565: The city, at that time called Yuryiv , is the Hypatian Codex (1115). Historically, the city has been at the centre of the Porossia (River Ros) region. Founded as a border fortification of Kievan Rus' , Bila Tserkva later became property of Polish nobility and served as a prominent commercial centre. Since the 19th century, industry and tourism have been important elements of the city's economy. Under Soviet rule , Bila Tserkva became

1204-549: The early 11th century, it was the birthplace of Saint Theodosius of Kiev . The Anthony and Theodosius Pechersky Church, built in the Ukrainian Baroque style in the 1750s , commemorates both Theodosius and Anthony of Kiev . In 1240, the city was destroyed by the invading Mongol Empire . It slowly recovered, and was incorporated as a city in 1796. In 1658, the Russian military commander Yuri Baryatinsky defeated

1247-408: The first plane was reportedly shot down at Vasylkiv airbase, “killing upwards of 250 elite Russian paratroopers with a single missile.” A second plane was also claimed to have been shot down over Bila Tserkva , which was allegedly carrying over 100 paratroopers. As of 18 January 2024, claims that Ukraine had killed 350 paratroopers in the downed planes were still unconfirmed by independent sources. In

1290-529: The first two decades of the 20th century, the city's Jewish residents were subject to multiple pogroms. In 1919 and 1920 alone, pogroms were responsible for the deaths of 850 Jews. In 1932–1933, as many as 22,000 of greater Bila Tserkva's residents died in the Holodomor . During World War II , Bila Tserkva was occupied by the German Army from 16 July 1941 to 4 January 1944. In August 1941 Bila Tserkva

1333-554: The growth of the city. By 1850, Bila Tserkva had built its first major factory. Later, it "began to specialize in building machines for the production of feed for livestock, electrical capacitors, tires, rubber-asbestos products, shoes, clothing, furniture, and reinforced-concrete products." In 1929, the Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University was founded in as a scientific research center, which now specializes in academic research focusing on environmental protection, veterinary welfare and biosafety. The Oleksandriia Dendrological Park

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1376-492: The morning of 27 February 2022, Russian forces struck an oil depot in the city, leading to large explosions and fires. Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census : Vasylkiv Air Base Vasylkiv (also Vasyl'kiv ) was an air base of the Ukrainian Air Force located near Vasylkiv , Kyiv Oblast , Ukraine. The base was home to the 40th Tactical Aviation Brigade . On

1419-487: The rebellious Cossacks in the 1626 Battle of Bila Tserkva , the next owner of the estate was Prince Jerzy Dymitr Wiśniowiecki. The castle was successfully taken by Bohdan Khmelnytsky in 1648. In 1651, it was also the site of the Battle of Bila Tserkva between the warring Zaporozhian Cossack Army (and their Tatar allies ) and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth , but Bila Tserkva was also where they made peace, and signed

1462-538: The seat of the sub-prefecture ( Starostwo ), came into the possession of Stanisław August Poniatowski who that same year granted the property to Franciszek Ksawery Branicki , Poland's Grand Hetman who then built his urban residence, the Winter Palace complex and a country residence with the "Oleksandriia" Arboretum (named after his wife Aleksandra Branicka ). He founded the Catholic Church of John

1505-459: Was allegedly shot down over Bila Tserkva. In Jewish folklore the city came to be referred to as the "Black Contamination" (Yid. Shvartse Tume ), a play on its name in Russian ("White Church"). The earliest Jewish inhabitants have been traced to 1648. The population, however, has risen and fallen due to outbreaks of violence and, later, pogroms . By the end of the 19th century, Jews made up

1548-563: Was flying Mikoyan MiG-29s at the time. The air base was the focus of fighting during the Battle of Vasylkiv , part of the Kyiv offensive in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . It was damaged on 12 March 2022 along with its airstrip after Russian missile strikes. According to Google Earth imagery, as of March 3, 2020 Bila Tserkva Bila Tserkva ( Ukrainian : Біла Церква [ˈbilɐ ˈtsɛrkwɐ] ; lit.   ' 'White Church' ' , Polish : Biała Cerkiew )

1591-429: Was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Bila Tserkva Raion even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, the city of Bila Tserkva was merged into Bila Tserkva Raion. During the Battle of Vasylkiv , a Russian Il-76 , carrying over 100 paratroopers,

1634-406: Was initiated by Hetman Ivan Mazepa and Colonel Kostiantyn Maziievsky in 1706, and was finally completed in 1852. By the late 19th century, Jews would comprise nearly half the population of the city. An important Jewish center, it also evolved into an active center for the exchange of influential ideas about politics, religion, art, and culture, with an active Zionist movement, an active branch of

1677-655: Was merged into Obukhiv Raion. In the early morning of 26 February 2022, Russian invasion forces landed near the city in an attempt to capture the Vasylkiv Air Base , resulting in the Battle of Vasylkiv . According to the city's mayor Natalia Balasinovich  [ uk ] , the fighting had died down by later that day, with Ukraine still in possession of the city. Claims have been made that Ukrainian aircraft shot down two Russian Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft transporting assault troops. According to Ukrainian accounts,

1720-482: Was mostly inhabited by ethnic Ukrainians , with a meager Jewish population of less than 0.1%. In the late 1980s, Kyiv's Judaica Institute began taking form"after the tragic decades of Bolshevik repressions, Nazi genocide of the Jewish people, and bans on Jewish studies" to research and "popularize the past and the present of the Jewish community of Ukraine." In 1991, Ukraine declared independence , and two years after

1763-461: Was put back on the map by an anecdotal story related to Catherine II of Russia . As per legend, while passing through it during the night, the carriage lost one wheel. Catherine II woke up from the sudden jerk, and asked the name of the town. When she fell asleep again, her servants repaired the wheel and the carriage moved again. She woke up again and upon learning that it is still Vasylkiv, she remarked : "A large town, indeed". Russian troops in

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1806-430: Was subordinate to the 19th Air Defence Division, which was reorganised as the 49th Air Defence Corps in June 1989. Both formations were part of the 8th Air Defence Army . The regiment was taken over by Ukraine on 1 June 1992 and then disbanded 1 June 1993. The 92nd Red Banner Fighter Aviation Regiment arrived from Mukachevo (air base) in 1993, and was briefly stationed at the base before disbanding in 1994. The regiment

1849-578: Was the site the Nazi massacre, now known as the Bila Tserkva massacre of the city's Jewish population, which required the separate executions of nearly 100 children. A Monument to Jewish Children and the Holocaust was unveiled in Bila Tserkva in 2019. During the Cold War , the town was host to the 72nd Guards Krasnograd Motor Rifle Division and the 251st Instructor Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment of Long Range Aviation . Until 18 July 2020, Bila Tserkva

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