An abbreviation (from Latin brevis , meaning "short" ) is a shortened form of a word or phrase, by any method including shortening, contraction , initialism (which includes acronym) or crasis .
79-417: Vevo LLC ( / ˈ v iː v oʊ / VEE -voh , an abbreviation for "Video Evolution", stylized in all caps until 2013) is an American multinational video hosting service , best known for providing music videos to YouTube . The service is also available as an app on selected smart TVs , digital video recorders , digital media players , and streaming television services. The service once offered
158-441: A list of words that are forbidden. Some explicit videos are provided with intact versions in addition to the edited version. There is no formal rating system in place, aside from classifying videos as explicit or non-explicit, but discussions are taking place to create a rating system that allows both users and advertisers to choose the level of profanity they are willing to accept. The 24-Hour Vevo Record , commonly referred to as
237-505: A consumer mobile and tablet app; this was shut down in May 2018 to allow the service to focus on its other platforms. The service was launched on June 16, 2009, as a joint venture among three major record companies : Universal Music Group (UMG), Sony Music Entertainment (SME), and EMI . In August 2016, Warner Music Group (WMG), the world's third-largest record company, agreed to license premium videos from its artists to Vevo. Initially,
316-488: A day , featuring blocks of music videos and specials. The channel was only available to viewers in North America and Germany, with geographical IP address blocking being used to enforce the restriction. Vevo had planned launches in other countries. After revamping its website, Vevo TV later branched off into three separate networks: Hits , Flow (hip hop and R&B), and Nashville (country music). Vevo shut down
395-450: A deal with WMG was completed on August 2, 2016, making again the entirety of the "big three" record companies' music available on Vevo. The concept for Vevo was described as being a streaming service for music videos (similar to the Hulu streaming service for movies and TV shows after they air), with the goal being to attract more high-end advertisers. The site's other revenue sources include
474-444: A few examples, there is Aldi , from Theo Albrecht , the name of its founder, followed by discount ; Haribo , from Hans Riegel , the name of its founder, followed by Bonn , the town of its head office; and Adidas , from Adolf "Adi" Dassler , the nickname of its founder followed by his surname. Geo-blocking Geo-blocking , geoblocking or geolocking is technology that restricts access to Internet content based upon
553-435: A field pioneered by Cyril Houri , the inventor of one of the first systems capable of identifying a user's geographical location via their IP address. is typically used for geo-blocking. This technology have become widely used in fraud prevention, advertising, and content localization, which are integral to geo-blocking applications. The result of the checks is used to determine whether the system will approve or deny access to
632-546: A local store with different prices. Such discrimination cannot exist in a Single Market ." However, proposals issued by the European Commission on 25 May 2016 excluded the territorial licensing of copyrighted audiovisual works from this strategy. On 1 April 2018, new digital media portability rules took effect, which requires paid digital media services to offer "roaming" within the EU. This means that, for example,
711-554: A merchandise store and referral links to purchase viewed songs on Amazon Music and iTunes . UMG acquired the domain name vevo.com on November 20, 2008. SME reached a deal to add its content to the site in June 2009. The site went live on December 8, 2009, and later that same month became the number one most visited music site in the United States, overtaking Myspace Music . Upon Vevo's launch, many YouTube videos added by Vevo over
790-502: A participating pay television provider in order to access the online content, a large number of American viewers used VPN services to stream foreign online coverage of the 2012 Summer Olympics and 2014 Winter Olympics from British and Canadian broadcasters. Unlike NBC's coverage, this foreign coverage only used a geo-block and did not require a TV subscription. However, many services, including Netflix, Hulu, and even Misplaced Pages, have implemented measures to recognize and limit or block
869-480: A person's name, such as Migjeni —an abbreviation from his original name ( Millosh Gjergj Nikolla ) a famous Albanian poet and writer—or ASDRENI ( Aleksander Stavre Drenova ), another famous Albanian poet. Other such names which are used commonly in recent decades are GETOAR, composed from Gegeria + Tosks (representing the two main dialects of the Albanian language, Gegë and Toskë), and Arbanon —which
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#1732797653167948-555: A plural of an initialization without an apostrophe can also be used for a number, or a letter. Examples: For units of measure, the same form is used for both singular and plural. Examples: When an abbreviation contains more than one period, Hart's Rules recommends putting the s after the final one. Examples: However, the same plurals may be rendered less formally as: According to Hart's Rules , an apostrophe may be used in rare cases where clarity calls for it, for example when letters or symbols are referred to as objects. However,
1027-518: A similar feature known as "global mode"; initially intended for travellers to enable access to local websites blocked in New Zealand, the service was re-launched in July 2014 as a feature to all Slingshot subscribers. The consumer-focused re-launch focused on its ability to provide access to U.S. online video services. Unlike manually-configured VPN services, Global Mode was implemented passively at
1106-557: A single letter and was originally spelled with lower case letters then there is no need for capitalization. However, when abbreviating a phrase where only the first letter of each word is taken, then all letters should be capitalized, as in YTD for year-to-date , PCB for printed circuit board and FYI for for your information . However, see the following section regarding abbreviations that have become common vocabulary: these are no longer written with capital letters. A period (a.k.a. full stop)
1185-639: A subscriber to Netflix in one EU country must still be able to access their home country's version of the service when travelling into other EU countries. The European Union has approved the Regulation on Measures to Combat Unjustified Geoblocking and Other Forms of Discrimination Based on Citizenship, Place of Residence or Location of a Person in the Internal Market, which entered into force on 3 December 2018. The geo-blocking regulation aims to provide more options for consumers and businesses in
1264-517: A symbol such as "km" for " kilometre ". In the International System of Units (SI) manual the word "symbol" is used consistently to define the shorthand used to represent the various SI units of measure. The manual also defines the way in which units should be written , the principal rules being: A syllabic abbreviation is usually formed from the initial syllables of several words, such as Interpol = International + police . It
1343-407: A video are counted from across all of Vevo's platforms, including YouTube, Yahoo! and other syndication partners. On April 14, 2013, Psy 's " Gentleman " unofficially broke the record by reaching 38.4 million views in its first 24 hours. However, Vevo did not acknowledge this record because it was not associated with them until four days after its release to YouTube. On August 19, 2014, Minaj broke
1422-738: A word to a single letter was common in both Greek and Roman writing. In Roman inscriptions, "Words were commonly abbreviated by using the initial letter or letters of words, and most inscriptions have at least one abbreviation". However, "some could have more than one meaning, depending on their context. (For example, ⟨A⟩ can be an abbreviation for many words, such as ager , amicus , annus , as , Aulus , Aurelius , aurum , and avus .)" Many frequent abbreviations consisted of more than one letter: for example COS for consul and COSS for its nominative etc. plural consules . Abbreviations were frequently used in early English . Manuscripts of copies of
1501-568: Is a syllabic abbreviation of Commonwealth and (Thomas) Edison . Sections of California are also often colloquially syllabically abbreviated, as in NorCal (Northern California), CenCal (Central California), and SoCal (Southern California). Additionally, in the context of Los Angeles, the syllabic abbreviation SoHo (Southern Hollywood) refers to the southern portion of the Hollywood neighborhood. Partially syllabic abbreviations are preferred by
1580-533: Is a variant of the acronym. Syllabic abbreviations are usually written using lower case , sometimes starting with a capital letter , and are always pronounced as words rather than letter by letter. Syllabic abbreviations should be distinguished from portmanteaus , which combine two words without necessarily taking whole syllables from each. Syllabic abbreviations are not widely used in English. Some UK government agencies such as Ofcom (Office of Communications) and
1659-488: Is a violation of copyright laws, as the foreign service does not hold the rights to make its content available in the user's country—thus infringing and undermining the rights held by a local rights holder. Accessing online video services from outside the country in which they operate is typically considered a violation of their respective terms of use ; some services have implemented measures to block VPN users, despite there being legitimate uses for such proxy services, under
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#17327976531671738-777: Is an alternative way used to describe all Albanian lands. Syllabic abbreviations were and are common in German ; much like acronyms in English, they have a distinctly modern connotation, although contrary to popular belief, many date back to before 1933 , if not the end of the Great War . Kriminalpolizei , literally criminal police but idiomatically the Criminal Investigation Department of any German police force, begat KriPo (variously capitalised), and likewise Schutzpolizei ( protection police or uniform department ) begat SchuPo . Along
1817-418: Is controversy as to which should be used. One generally accepted rule is to be consistent in a body of work. To this end, publishers may express their preferences in a style guide . Some controversies that arise are described below. If the original word was capitalized then the first letter of its abbreviation should retain the capital, for example Lev. for Leviticus . When a word is abbreviated to more than
1896-490: Is not illegal under copyright law of Australia . However, an amendment to Australian copyright law allows courts to order the blocking of websites that primarily engage in "facilitating" copyright infringement —a definition which could include VPN services that market themselves specifically for the purpose of evading geo-blocking. Prior to the passing of this amendment in June 2015, Turnbull acknowledged that VPN services have "a wide range of legitimate uses, not least of which
1975-449: Is not used for such shortened forms. A contraction is an abbreviation formed by replacing letters with an apostrophe. Examples include I'm for I am and li'l for little . An initialism or acronym is an abbreviation consisting of the initial letter of a sequence of words without other punctuation. For example, FBI ( /ˌɛf.biːˈaɪ/ ), USA ( /ˌjuː.ɛsˈeɪ/ ), IBM ( /ˌaɪ.biːˈɛm/ ), BBC ( /ˌbiː.biːˈsiː/ ). When initialism
2054-695: Is sometimes used to signify abbreviation, but opinion is divided as to when and if this convention is best practice. According to Hart's Rules , a word shortened by dropping letters from the end terminates with a period, whereas a word shorted by dropping letters from the middle does not. Fowler's Modern English Usage says a period is used for both of these shortened forms, but recommends against this practice: advising it only for end-shortened words and lower-case initialisms; not for middle-shortened words and upper-case initialisms. Some British style guides, such as for The Guardian and The Economist , disallow periods for all abbreviations. In American English ,
2133-535: Is still available through various apps and devices including YouTube, DVRs, smart TVs , gaming consoles and streaming devices such as Roku. Versions of videos on Vevo with explicit content such as profanity may be edited, according to a company spokesperson, "to keep everything clean for broadcast, 'the MTV version. ' " This allows Vevo to make their network more friendly to advertising partners such as McDonald's . Vevo has stated that it does not have specific policies or
2212-625: Is the preservation of privacy—something which every citizen is entitled to secure for themselves—and [VPN providers] have no oversight, control or influence over their customers' activities." On 6 May 2015, the European Union announced the adoption of its " Digital Single Market " strategy, which would, among other changes, aim to end the use of "unjustified" geo-blocking between EU countries, arguing that "too many Europeans cannot use online services that are available in other EU countries, often without any justification; or they are re-routed to
2291-584: Is typically US . There are multiple ways to pluralize an abbreviation. Sometimes this accomplished by adding an apostrophe and an s ( 's ), as in "two PC's have broken screens". But, some find this confusing since the notation can indicate possessive case . And, this style is deprecated by many style guides. For instance, Kate Turabian , writing about style in academic writings, allows for an apostrophe to form plural acronyms "only when an abbreviation contains internal periods or both capital and lowercase letters". For example, "DVDs" and "URLs" and "Ph.D.'s", while
2370-522: Is used as the preferred term, acronym refers more specifically to when the abbreviation is pronounced as a word rather than as separate letters; examples include SWAT and NASA . Initialisms, contractions and crasis share some semantic and phonetic functions, and are connected by the term abbreviation in loose parlance. In early times, abbreviations may have been common due to the effort involved in writing (many inscriptions were carved in stone) or to provide secrecy via obfuscation . Reduction of
2449-597: The European Economic Area due to concerns of liability under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Geo-blocking can be circumvented . When IP address-based geo-blocking is employed, virtual private network (VPN) and anonymizer services can be used to evade geo-blocks. A user can, for example, access a website using a U.S. IP address in order to access content or services that are not available from outside
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2528-576: The Modern Language Association explicitly says, "do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of an abbreviation". Also, the American Psychological Association specifically says, "without an apostrophe". However, the 1999 style guide for The New York Times states that the addition of an apostrophe is necessary when pluralizing all abbreviations, preferring "PC's, TV's and VCR's". Forming
2607-690: The Old English poem Beowulf used many abbreviations, for example the Tironian et ( ⁊ ) or & for and , and y for since , so that "not much space is wasted". The standardisation of English in the 15th through 17th centuries included a growth in the use of such abbreviations. At first, abbreviations were sometimes represented with various suspension signs, not only periods. For example, sequences like ⟨er⟩ were replaced with ⟨ɔ⟩ , as in mastɔ for master and exacɔbate for exacerbate . While this may seem trivial, it
2686-579: The Vevo Record , is the record for the most views a music video associated with Vevo has received within 24 hours of its release. The video that currently holds this record is Taylor Swift 's " Me! " with 65.2 million views. In 2012, Nicki Minaj 's " Stupid Hoe " became one of the first Vevo music videos to receive a significant amount of media attention upon its release day, during which it accumulated around 4.8 million views. The record has consistently been kept track of by Vevo ever since. Total views of
2765-901: The website or to particular content. The geolocation may also be used to modify the content provided, for example, the currency in which goods are quoted, the price or the range of goods that are available, besides other aspects. The term is most commonly associated with its use to restrict access to premium multimedia content on the Internet, such as films and television shows, primarily for copyright and licensing reasons. There are other uses for geo-blocking, such as blocking malicious traffic or to enforce price discrimination , location-aware authentication, fraud prevention, and online gambling (where gambling laws vary by region). Websites also use geo-blocking to comply with sanctions rules and regulations. The ownership of exclusive territorial rights to audiovisual works may differ between regions, requiring
2844-459: The 1990s led to a marked rise in colloquial abbreviation. This was due largely to increasing popularity of textual communication services such as instant and text messaging. The original SMS supported message lengths of 160 characters at most (using the GSM 03.38 character set), for instance. This brevity gave rise to an informal abbreviation scheme sometimes called Textese , with which 10% or more of
2923-661: The 20th century. The contractions in Newspeak are supposed to have a political function by virtue of their abbreviated structure itself: nice sounding and easily pronounceable, their purpose is to mask all ideological content from the speaker. A more recent syllabic abbreviation has emerged with the disease COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (itself frequently abbreviated to SARS-CoV-2 , partly an initialism). In Albanian, syllabic acronyms are sometimes used for composing
3002-441: The EU internal market. It addresses the problem that (potential) customers cannot buy goods and services from sellers located in another Member State for reasons related to their citizenship, place of residence or location, and therefore discriminate against them when they try to get access to the best offers, prices or terms of sale compared to the nationals or residents of the member state of the sellers. The new rules only apply if
3081-580: The French Criminal Code, and it was demonstrated that IP geolocation could be used to filter at least 90% of traffic coming from France. Other noted uses include blocking access from countries that a particular website is not relevant to (especially if the majority of traffic from that country is malicious), and voluntarily blocking access to content or services that are illegal under local laws. This can include online gambling , and various international websites blocking access to users within
3160-477: The ISP level and was automatically activated based on a whitelist, without any further user intervention. The legality of circumventing geo-blocking to access foreign video services under local copyright laws is unclear and varies by country. Members of the entertainment industry (including broadcasters and studios) have contended that the use of VPNs and similar services to evade geo-blocking by online video services
3239-541: The ISPs of facilitating copyright infringement by violating their exclusive territorial rights to content in the country, and misrepresenting the alleged legality of the services in promotional material. In particular, Spark argued that the use of VPNs to access foreign video on demand services was cannibalizing its own domestic service Lightbox. At least two smaller providers ( Lightwire Limited and Unlimited Internet) announced that they would pull their VPN services in response to
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3318-567: The Regulation does not affect the TFEU rules, including the non-discrimination rules. In April 2015, a group of media companies in New Zealand, including MediaWorks , Spark , Sky Network Television , and TVNZ , jointly sent cease and desist notices to several ISPs offering VPN services for the purpose of evading geo-blocking, demanding that they pledge to discontinue the operation of these services by 15 April 2015, and to inform their customers that such services are "unlawful". The companies accused
3397-768: The US Navy, as they increase readability amidst the large number of initialisms that would otherwise have to fit into the same acronyms. Hence DESRON 6 is used (in the full capital form) to mean "Destroyer Squadron 6", while COMNAVAIRLANT would be "Commander, Naval Air Force (in the) Atlantic". Syllabic abbreviations are a prominent feature of Newspeak , the fictional language of George Orwell 's dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four . The political contractions of Newspeak— Ingsoc (English Socialism), Minitrue (Ministry of Truth), Miniplenty ( Ministry of Plenty )—are described by Orwell as similar to real examples of German ( see below ) and Russian ( see below ) contractions in
3476-514: The Vevo website. In 2017, Vevo announced in a brief online statement the departure of Erik Huggers as the company's president and CEO and his replacement by CFO Alan Price as the interim CEO. In April 2018, Vevo's YouTube channel was hacked by two hackers using the name of Prosox and Kuroi'SH and caused the renaming of many videos and the deletion of the most viewed YouTube video, " Despacito " by Luis Fonsi . On May 24, 2018, Vevo announced that it
3555-460: The apostrophe can be dispensed with if the items are set in italics or quotes: In Latin, and continuing to the derivative forms in European languages as well as English, single-letter abbreviations had the plural being a doubling of the letter for note-taking. Most of these deal with writing and publishing. A few longer abbreviations use this as well. Publications based in the U.S. tend to follow
3634-402: The artists' total, regardless of the Vevo channel on which it appears. Featured appearances (featuring, feat., ft. etc.) are not counted. Abbreviation An abbreviation may be a shortened form of a word with a trailing period. For example: etcetera is usually abbreviated etc. and abbreviation is sometimes abbreviated abbr. , abbrv. , or abbrev. . But sometimes the trailing period
3713-402: The assumption that they are using them to evade geographic filtering. Leaked e-mails from the 2014 Sony Pictures hack revealed statements by Keith LeGoy, Sony Pictures Television 's president of international distribution, describing the international usage of Netflix over VPN services as being "semi-sanctioned" piracy that helped to illicitly increase its market share, and criticizing
3792-540: The basis of citizenship is a fundamental principle of EU law. In situations not covered by this Regulation, Article 20 (2) of the Services Directive (2006/123 / EC) may apply. According to this provision, sellers can only apply a difference of treatment based on nationality or place of residence if this is justified by objective criteria. In some cases, industry-specific legislation (such as transport or health) may also apply that addresses this issue. In addition,
3871-670: The channel until they were relaunched later that year. Vevo was available in Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, the Philippines, Spain, the United Kingdom and the United States. The website was scheduled to go worldwide in 2010, but as of March 23, 2018, it was still not available outside these countries. Vevo's official blog cited licensing issues for
3950-600: The company for not taking further steps to prevent usage of the service outside of regions where they have licenses to their content, such as detecting ineligible users via their payment method. On 14 January 2016, Netflix announced its intent to strengthen measures to prevent subscribers from accessing regional versions of the service that they are not authorized to use. In Australia, a policy FAQ published by then Minister for Communications Malcolm Turnbull , states that users violating an "international commercial arrangement to protect copyright in different countries or regions"
4029-409: The count). List of Vevo videos which held the record for most views in their first 24 hours online Vevo Certified is given from Vevo to artists with over 100 million views on Vevo and its partners (including YouTube) through special features on the Vevo website. It was launched in June 2012. Artists with 20 or more Vevo Certified music videos. All lead and co-lead appearances are counted towards
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#17327976531674108-411: The country. Hulu , Netflix , Amazon and BBC iPlayer are among the foreign video services widely used through these means by foreign users. Its popularity among VPN users in the country prompted Netflix to officially establish an Australian version of its service in 2014. In response to complaints over the quality of domestic coverage by NBC , along with a requirement for viewers be a subscriber to
4187-555: The course of the year had their views inflated. In early 2013, these views were subtracted from various Vevo channels, most notably Lady Gaga's Vevo channel. The affected videos include the " Just Dance " video, which lost more than half of its existing views. Other affected videos include " Heartless " and " Toxic ", whose graphs showed similar traces of inflation. In June 2012, Vevo launched its Certified awards, which honors artists with at least 100 million video views on Vevo and its partners (including YouTube) through special features on
4266-421: The delay in the worldwide rollout. Most of Vevo's videos on YouTube are viewable by users in other countries, while others will produce the message "The uploader has not made this video available in your country." The Vevo service in the United Kingdom and Ireland was launched on April 26, 2011. On April 16, 2012, Vevo was launched in Australia and New Zealand by MCM Entertainment. On August 14, 2012, Brazil became
4345-631: The first Latin American country to have the service. It was expected to be launched in six more European and Latin American countries in 2012. Vevo launched in Spain, Italy, and France on November 15, 2012. Vevo launched in the Netherlands on April 3, 2013, and on May 17, 2013, also in Poland. On September 29, 2013, Vevo updated its iOS application that now includes launching in Germany. On April 30, 2014, Vevo
4424-428: The former Oftel (Office of Telecommunications) use this style. New York City has various neighborhoods named by syllabic abbreviation, such as Tribeca (Triangle below Canal Street) and SoHo (South of Houston Street). This usage has spread into other American cities, giving SoMa , San Francisco (South of Market) and LoDo, Denver (Lower Downtown), amongst others. Chicago -based electric service provider ComEd
4503-400: The globally popular term OK generally credited as a remnant of its influence. Over the years, however, the lack of convention in some style guides has made it difficult to determine which two-word abbreviations should be abbreviated with periods and which should not. This question is considered below. Widespread use of electronic communication through mobile phones and the Internet during
4582-705: The inverse is often the case). The " Australia Tax " has been cited as an example of this phenomenon, which has led to governmental pressure to restrict how geo-blocking can be used in this manner in the country. Geo-blocking is also applied to enforce compliance with local laws and regulations. One notable example is the Ligue contre le racisme et l'antisémitisme et Union des étudiants juifs de France v. Yahoo! ( LICRA v. Yahoo! ) case in 2000. The Tribunal de grande instance of Paris ruled that Yahoo! must prevent French users from accessing its auction sites where Nazi memorabilia were being sold, in violation of Article R645-1 of
4661-549: The legal concerns. However, CallPlus, the parent company of Slingshot and Orcon , objected to the claims, arguing that the Global Mode service was "completely legal", and accused the broadcasters of displaying protectionism . Later that month, it was reported that the broadcasters planned to go forward with legal action against CallPlus. On 24 June 2015, it was announced that the media companies reached an out-of-court settlement, in which ByPass Network Services, who operates
4740-483: The library of content available on subscription video on demand services such as Netflix may also vary between regions, or the service may not even be available in the user's country at all. Geo-blocking can be used for other purposes as well. Price discrimination by online stores can be enforced by geo-blocking, forcing users to buy products online from a foreign version of a site where prices may be unnecessarily higher than those of their domestic version (although
4819-496: The other party is a consumer or a company that purchases services or products exclusively for end use (B2C, B2B). Geo-blocking regulation does not apply if products are sold to business customers for commercial purposes. The Geoblocking Ordinance does not completely prohibit geoblocking and geo-discrimination: it only prohibits certain forms. Geo-blocking regulations prohibit geo-blocking and geo-discrimination in three situations: The prohibition of direct or indirect discrimination on
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#17327976531674898-487: The period is usually included regardless of whether or not it is a contraction, e.g. Dr. or Mrs. . In some cases, periods are optional, as in either US or U.S. for United States , EU or E.U. for European Union , and UN or U.N. for United Nations . There are some house styles, however—American ones included—that remove the periods from almost all abbreviations. For example: Acronyms that were originally capitalized (with or without periods) but have since entered
4977-614: The providers of the content to disallow access for users outside of their designated region; for example, although an online service, HBO Now is only available to residents of the United States, and cannot be offered in other countries because its parent network HBO had already licensed exclusive rights to its programming to different broadcasters (such as in Canada, where HBO licensed its back-catalogue to Bell Media ), who may offer their own, similar service specific to their own region and business model (such as Crave ). For similar reasons,
5056-485: The record with her " Anaconda " video which garnered 19.7 million views. Swift broke the record with " Bad Blood " with 20.1 million views, on May 17, 2015, which was later surpassed by Adele 's " Hello ", which received 27.7 million views in first 24 hours. On August 28, 2017, both YouTube and Vevo records were eclipsed by Swift again, with " Look What You Made Me Do ", which gained 43.2 million views in 24 hours. On December 1, 2018, Ariana Grande 's " Thank U, Next " broke
5135-461: The record, accumulating 55.4 million views in 24 hours. Swift then regained the record on April 27, 2019, when her video for "Me!" garnered 65.2 million views in first 24 hours. Swift's channel is the first and only to break the record three times. One Direction , Justin Bieber , Nicki Minaj , and Miley Cyrus , have all broken the record twice (Minaj would have tied Swift if features were included in
5214-835: The same lines, the Swiss Federal Railways' Transit Police—the Transportpolizei —are abbreviated as the TraPo . With the National Socialist German Workers' Party gaining power came a frenzy of government reorganisation, and with it a series of entirely new syllabic abbreviations. The single national police force amalgamated from the Schutzpolizeien of the various states became the OrPo ( Ordnungspolizei , "order police");
5293-401: The secret police) and VoPo for Volkspolizei . The phrase politisches Büro , which may be rendered literally as "office of politics" or idiomatically as "political party steering committee", became Politbüro . Syllabic abbreviations are not only used in politics, however. Many business names, trademarks, and service marks from across Germany are created on the same pattern: for
5372-419: The service during the first half of 2016 as part of a site-wide redesign. Vevo TV ran on an automated schedule, similar to video-exclusive networks run by Paramount Media Networks . Music videos would play twice within an hour and original programming, such as Top 10 Now and Vevo Lift , would air several times per day. After rebranding in 2016, Vevo TV was slowly phased out. Vevo's mobile app continued to run
5451-416: The service hosted only music videos from UMG and SME, syndicated on YouTube and its app, and the advertising revenue was shared by Google and Vevo. Originally, WMG was reported to be considering hosting its content on the service after it launched, but formed an alliance with rival MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks ). In August 2015, Vevo expressed renewed interest in licensing music from WMG and
5530-556: The state KriPos together formed the "SiPo" ( Sicherheitspolizei , "security police"); and there was also the Gestapo ( Geheime Staatspolizei , "secret state police"). The new order of the German Democratic Republic in the east brought about a conscious denazification , but also a repudiation of earlier turns of phrase in favour of neologisms such as Stasi for Staatssicherheit ("state security",
5609-546: The style guides of The Chicago Manual of Style and the Associated Press . The U.S. government follows a style guide published by the U.S. Government Printing Office . The National Institute of Standards and Technology sets the style for abbreviations of units. Many British publications follow some of these guidelines in abbreviation: Writers often use shorthand to denote units of measure. Such shorthand can be an abbreviation, such as "in" for " inch " or can be
5688-512: The use of VPNs by identifying IP addresses associated with such services. This limits users' ability to access geo-blocked content through VPNs or anonymizers. In 2009, Venezuela subsidized the launch of the communications satellite Venesat-1 , in part to amplify Telesur 's programming by enabling it to avoid geo-blocking efforts by DirectTV , an American company. In 2013, the New Zealand internet service provider Slingshot introduced
5767-415: The user's geographical location . In a geo-blocking scheme, the user's location is determined using Internet geolocation techniques, such as checking the user's IP address against a blacklist or whitelist , GPS queries in the case of a mobile device, accounts, and measuring the end-to-end delay of a network connection to estimate the physical location of the user. The IP address location tracking,
5846-453: The vocabulary as generic words are no longer written with capital letters nor with any periods. Examples are sonar , radar , lidar , laser , snafu , and scuba . When an abbreviation appears at the end of a sentence, only one period is used: The capital of the United States is Washington, D.C. In the past, some initialisms were styled with a period after each letter and a space between each pair. For example, U. S. , but today this
5925-464: The words in a typical SMS message are abbreviated. More recently Twitter, a popular social networking service , began driving abbreviation use with 140 character message limits. In HTML , abbreviations can be annotated using < abbr title = "Meaning of the abbreviation." > abbreviation </ abbr > to reveal its meaning by hovering the cursor . In modern English, there are multiple conventions for abbreviation, and there
6004-453: Was launched in Mexico. Vevo is also available for a range of platforms including Android , iOS , Windows Phone , Windows 8 , Fire OS , Google TV , Apple TV , Boxee , Roku , Xbox 360 , PlayStation 3 , and PlayStation 4 . In May 2018, Vevo announced that it would be discontinuing its consumer website and app on mobile platforms in order to focus on YouTube syndication. However, Vevo
6083-487: Was shutting down its consumer website and removing its app from mobile platforms, so that it could focus on YouTube syndication. However, Vevo is still available through various apps and devices including YouTube, DVRs, smart TVs , gaming consoles and streaming devices such as Roku. In October 2020, it was announced that Vevo partnered with Netherlands-based music video service Xite . On March 15, 2013, Vevo launched Vevo TV , an Internet television channel running 24 hours
6162-478: Was symptomatic of an attempt by people manually reproducing academic texts to reduce the copy time. Mastɔ subwardenɔ y ɔmēde me to you. And wherɔ y wrot to you the last wyke that y trouyde itt good to differrɔ thelectionɔ ovɔ to quīdenaɔ tinitatis y have be thougħt me synɔ that itt woll be thenɔ a bowte mydsomɔ. In the Early Modern English period, between the 15th and 17th centuries, the thorn Þ
6241-451: Was used for th , as in Þ ('the'). In modern times, ⟨Þ⟩ was often used (in the form ⟨y⟩ ) for promotional reasons, as in Y Olde Tea Shoppe . During the growth of philological linguistic theory in academic Britain, abbreviating became very fashionable. Likewise, a century earlier in Boston , a fad of abbreviation started that swept the United States, with
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