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37-665: Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary is a bird sanctuary in the Madurantakam taluk of the Chengalpattu district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu . Established in 1936, it is the oldest wildlife sanctuary in India . It has been designated as a protected Ramsar site since 2022. More than 40,000 birds have been recorded in the sanctuary during the migratory season every year. The Vedanthangal fresh water lake attracted water birds and

74-440: A further two lakh Barringtonia saplings were planted in the sanctuary. The periphery of the tank and the tank bund consists of a number of Terminalia arjuna trees. The tank bund also consists of Streblus and Calamus trees. There are other species such as Acacia nilotica , Alangium salviifolium , Albizzia lebbek , Azadirachta indica , Morinda tinctoria , Borassus flabellifer , Cassia fistula , and Solanum trilobatum on

111-651: A large population of their kind and can be easily overwhelmed or agitated. Because of this, they can be held for a certain amount of time before being admitted to the general public. In this time, veterinarians study the new animal's behavioral and dietary habits and try for a smooth transition into the sanctuary's environment. Also, some species of animals, dogs for example, are social creatures. In isolation they get lonely and become depressed. Animal sanctuaries often accommodate these types of animals by putting them in living quarters where they're in groups or pairs that they fit well with. Enrichment activities are also available for

148-466: A location. The need for cetacean sanctuaries is  quickly emerging due to shifting regulations and changes in public attitudes toward cetaceans in captivity. With an estimated 3,600 cetaceans in captivity globally, the need for spacious natural ocean environments that provide feeding and care is increasing, as globally marine parks and aquariums move away from whales and dolphins in their facilities. A primary criticism of commercial facilities

185-500: A movement began with Gene Baur , the co-founder of Farm Sanctuary , the first official farm sanctuary that opened in 1986. The daily tasks of a FAS involve the primary guardians, volunteers and at time visitors. Each day is structured by routines such as feeding, care and health procedures, as well as cleaning and maintenance. Points of conflict for sanctuaries include human intervention in matters of sterilizing animals and species segregation. Moreover, effective altruists have critiqued

222-473: Is a secondary role of FAS. Investing in transforming visitors' and volunteers' perspectives on animal agriculture is a key component of FAS, enlisting farmed animal residents as "ambassadors" of their species to serve a fundraiser role. Sue Donaldson and Will Kymlicka have outlined two different types of FAS models. FAS can be distinguished by ascribing to either refuge and advocacy model or intentional community model. Refuge- and advocacy-based models are

259-547: Is creating a coastal sanctuary for beluga whales and orcas in Port Hilford, Nova Scotia and plans to welcome their first residents in late 2023, assuming the project gets the required federal and provincial permits. The National Aquarium in Baltimore, Maryland , is seeking a Caribbean location to create a warm water seaside dolphin sanctuary to become the permanent home for the dolphins currently at their facility. And

296-691: Is home to approximately 1,600 animals. According to the sanctuary, "Best Friends has become the heart of a collaborative no-kill movement, and a model for the future of animal welfare," and the sanctuary hopes to "bring the entire nation to no-kill in 2025." While there are many ways to donate and support animal sanctuaries throughout the United States, many sanctuaries have begun bringing awareness to their causes on social media with ranging, but largely significant success. Many have brought in tens or hundreds of thousands of followers. Social media has become an opportunity for sanctuaries to raise awareness of

333-595: Is that animals are expected to perform unnatural behaviors for audiences in spaces that are small and cannot adequately approximate a natural setting. The first cetacean sanctuary for belugas opened in August 2020 by SEA LIFE Trust, as two belugas "Little Grey" and "Little White" were transported 6,000 miles from an aquarium in China to the first open-water whale sanctuary for belugas in Iceland . The Whale Sanctuary Project

370-443: Is the philosophy that the residents come first. In a sanctuary, every action is scrutinized for any trace of human benefit at the expense of non-human residents. Sanctuaries act on behalf of the animals, and the caregivers work under the notion that all animals in the sanctuary, human and non-human, are of equal importance. Most sanctuaries are not open to the public in the sense of a zoo ; that is, allowing unescorted public access to

407-462: Is the priority and the mission is to provide an environment where the cetacean residents can thrive. Animal sanctuary services include spaying and neutering , hygiene, and physical well-being. These services are mainly performed by licensed veterinarians . Other positions that can be held by people at sanctuaries include specialized animal trainers, groomers, and volunteers . When it comes to new residents, they are typically not used to living with

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444-531: The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) for compliance with the Animal Welfare Act . Morinda tinctoria Morinda coreia is a species of flowering plant in the coffee family, Rubiaceae . It was described by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1822. Morinda coreia is native to southeast Asia, from Sri Lanka and India southeast to Java. This Rubioideae -related article

481-603: The District Collector of Chingleput district about the British soldiers shooting the birds and obtained a cowle (a written acceptance) from the collector to protect the birds. Due to its ecological importance, the British Government initiated further steps to develop it into a bird sanctuary in 1798. Several accounts of the area being a breeding place for birds were published in the 19th century. In

518-407: The bamboo trees around the lake. There are also reptiles and amphibians such as water snakes , Indian cobra , sand boas , terrapins , tortoises , lizards , and frogs . Bird sanctuary Unlike animal shelters , sanctuaries do not seek to place animals with individuals or groups, instead maintaining each animal until their natural death (either from disease or from other animals in

555-619: The Archipelagos Institute of Marine Conservation is planning to create the Aegean Marine Life Sanctuary for previously captive dolphins on the island of Lipsi, south of Samos in the eastern Aegean Sea . Like other animal sanctuaries, cetacean sanctuaries adhere to a set of principles that put the animals first above the needs of the public, researchers, donors or other stakeholders. In cetacean sanctuaries, each animal's physical and mental well-being

592-584: The Riverdale Farm Sanctuary Project has launched a campaign to transform Riverdale Farms, an urban farm in Toronto into a FAS advocating for: 1) Animal Rescue, Refuge, and Advocacy, 2) Compassion and Nonviolence, 3) Ecological and Food Justice and Compassionate Interspecies Community. Expanding beyond the traditional role of a safe haven for farmed animals, sanctuaries can also be understood as playing political roles in transforming

629-681: The abuse and cruelty that is present in many animal-based industries and educate the general population on how they can help. There are two primary organizations that provide accreditation and support for animal sanctuaries: the Global Federation of Animal Sanctuaries and the American Sanctuary Association . In the United States, sanctuaries must also be licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and regularly inspected by

666-516: The animals, is educating the public. The ultimate goal of many sanctuaries is to change the way that humans think of, and treat, non-human animals. On the basis of the types of animals being cared for, sanctuaries are of five types: Farmed animal sanctuaries (FAS) provide care, shelter and advocacy of farmed animal species such as chickens , cows , goats , fish , horses , pig , turkeys , and sheep . The farm sanctuary layout tends to resemble traditional farms however functions differently. FAS as

703-421: The area surrounding the tank. The partly submerged scrubs around the tank provides twigs for the birds to build nests and also serve as roosting grounds. The unique ecosystem attracts a rich diversity of birds. Nearly 40000 birds are seen in the tank during the breeding season. When the nesting birds return with the young lings, there can be over 70000 birds in a good monsoon year. The prime nesting species seen in

740-480: The area was protected by the local people, who benefited from the manure-rich water from the lake. The guano of the birds increased the agriculture yield of the surrounding fields. The area was later used as hunting grounds for sport hunting of birds by the rich in the early 17th century. Vedanthangal literally means the 'hamlet of the hunter' in Tamil language . Towards the end of the 18th century, locals complained to

777-399: The best care that the sanctuaries can provide. Animals are not bought, sold, or traded, nor are they used for animal testing . Additionally, no parts of nor secretions from the animals are commodified, such as eggs, wool, or milk. The resident animals are given the opportunity to behave as natural as possible in a protective environment. What distinguishes a sanctuary from other institutions

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814-612: The breeding season. Other terrestrial birds such as darters , parakeets , babblers , mynas , barbets , bee-eaters , kingfishers , roller , cuckoo , oriole , drongo , and raptors such as black-winged kite , brahminy kite , short-toed eagle , pariah kite have been observed in Vedanthangal. Mammals seen in the sanctuary include Indian jackal , jungle cat , wild boar , black-naped hare , bonnet macaque , mongoose , mole rat , palm civet , flying fox , and Indian fox . A large number of fruit bats are also present in

851-414: The effectiveness of the educational component of sanctuaries. The intentional community model addresses the shortcomings of the standard sanctuary model by focusing on movement building that includes a spectrum of speciesist issues such as developing farmed animal veterinary care that exist outside of standard practices that have aimed at meeting animal agricultural interests. The six characteristics of

888-713: The efficiency of FAS's ability to reduce animal suffering as demonstrated in the "arithmetic of compassion", a utilitarian measure of advocacy that applies mathematical formulas to reduce the most suffering in light of individual lives. Jon Bockman of Animal Charity Evaluators , states, "expending too many resources on direct rescue results in less money directed toward education and a lower overall impact in helping animals, and all advocates should give consideration to this concern when deciding how best to help animals". FAS has, in some ways, evolved to more actions such as re-homing to increase sanctuary capacity and rescuing farmed animals in criminal or domestic cases. The educational role

925-439: The facility. A legitimate sanctuary avoids activity that would place the animals in an unduly stressful situation. Most sanctuaries are also not government-funded and are usually nonprofit . Public help is accepted by sanctuaries in the form of volunteering, monetary contributions, donations of food and materials, spreading the word, and in some cases, adoption. One of the most important missions of sanctuaries, beyond caring for

962-571: The geographies in which farmed animals are found serve as a corrective to forming human-farmed animal friendships. An example of the intentional sanctuary model can be found in the Microsanctuary Movement started by Rosemary and Justin Van Kleeck. The Microsanctuary Movement encourages city-dwellers to rescue farmed animals to expand what species are considered to be companion animals . Similarly, Darren Chang, co-founder of

999-414: The intentional community model include: belonging, absence of fixed hierarchical relationships, self-determination , citizenship, dependent agency, and scaffolded choices and reconfigured spaces. These characteristics redress some of the critiques of the refuge and advocacy model by grounding sanctuary practices in animal agency and expanding the geographical boundaries of where animals can live. Expanding

1036-418: The lake is 5 m (16 ft) and it supplies water to nearly 250 acres of agricultural land in the region. The west and south sides of the lake are bordered by a long bund, whereas the northern and eastern sides extend to the agricultural lands. The area receives an average annual rainfall of 140 cm (55 in), mostly from the north-east monsoon . There is a 24 ft (7.3 m) observation tower in

1073-503: The mid 19th century, the collector of Chingleput ordered it to be established as a protected area. It was officially declared as a wildlife sanctuary in 1936 and was the first such protected area to be established within the Indian boundaries. The surrounding wetland was declared as reserve area as per the Madras Forest Act, 1882 on 4 June 1962. Subsequently, the surrounding 5 km (3.1 mi) zone were declared as part of

1110-403: The most standard. These sanctuaries are found in traditional agricultural communities in part because of the physical and legal infrastructure. Six characteristics of this model include: duty of care, support for species-typical flourishing, recognition of individuality, non-exploitation, non-perpetuation, and awareness and advocacy. The latter characteristic has launched a series of questions into

1147-800: The political and spatial lives of animal residents and their broader species communities leaning into pioneering a less-speciesist future. Cetacean sanctuaries are designed for autonomy and well-being, enabling as natural a life as possible in ocean water.  Lifetime of care is provided for these whales , dolphins , or porpoises . Like other wild animals who have spent much or all of their lives in zoos , cetaceans who have lived in marine parks for most or all of their lives are potentially poor candidates for reintroduction and, therefore, sanctuaries are an alternative to living on display or in entertainment facilities. Sanctuary site selection, as far as size, water quality, protection from hazards and weather events, and more, introduce unique considerations for finding

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1184-508: The residents. There are currently over 1500 wildlife sanctuaries in the United States, ranging from elephant rehabilitation (The Elephant Sanctuary, Tennessee) to those caring for farm animals saved from slaughterhouses (Farm Animal Refuge, San Diego, California). The largest animal sanctuary in the United States is the Best Friends Animal Sanctuary near Kanab, Utah. This sanctuary spans across nearly 4,000 acres and

1221-531: The sanctuary are spot billed pelican , Asian open-billed stork , painted stork , Indian cormorant , little cormorant , black-crowned night heron , little egret , intermediate egret , grey heron , glossy ibis , black-headed ibis , Eurasian spoonbill , and Indian pond heron . Migratory waterbirds wintering here include northern pintail , garganey , northern shoveller , black-winged stilt , and other shorebirds and terns such as whiskered tern . Cattle egrets and little cormorants are also seen outside

1258-475: The sanctuary as per the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 in 1996 and the final notification was issued on 8 July 1998. The sanctuary occupies an area of 74 acres (30 ha) and is one of the smallest wildlife sanctuaries in India . The sanctuary consists of many small water bodies interconnected with the main tank, located at an altitude of about 122 m (400 ft). The maximum depth of

1295-402: The sanctuary). However, they can offer rehoming services, which can include veterinarians' help. In some cases, an establishment may have characteristics of both a sanctuary and a shelter; for instance, some animals may be in residence temporarily until a good home is found and others may be permanent residents. The mission of sanctuaries is generally to be safe havens, where the animals receive

1332-526: The sanctuary. In 2013, the lake was de-silted and new water channels were built by the Public Works Department to facilitate water supply to the lake from neighbouring water bodies. The sanctuary consists of a mixture of tropical and sub-tropical dry broadleaf forests interspersed with thorns and shrubs. The wetland and the surrounding areas have been subject to deforestation and over grazing from domestic livestock, which resulted in

1369-489: The stunted scrub vegetation. There are two distinct types of vegetation in the sanctuary. The water area mainly consists of Barringtonia acutangula and Acacia nilotica trees, most of which were planted by the Tamil Nadu Forest Department and are the main nest-supporting trees. The Barringtonia trees also serve as roosts for the non-breeding birds and safe high perches for the young lings. In 2013,

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