25-602: The Venugopala Swamy Temple located at Hosa Kannambadi, near Krishna Raja Sagara , is an example of Hoysala architecture in Karnataka , India . This temple was built in the 12th century AD around the same time as the Chennakesava Temple at Somanathapura , Mysore district. Before the Krishna Raja Sagara dam project was conceived by M.Visvesvaraya in 1909, the temple complex was located in
50-474: A Government of Karnataka enterprise. It is spread across an area of 60 acres (240,000 m ). Adjoining it is also a fruit orchard spread across 75 acres (300,000 m ) and 2 horticultural farms, Nagavana (30 acres) and Chandravana (5 acres). The garden is laid out in 3 terraces which contain water fountains, Ficus trees, foliage plants such as Duranta plumaria and Euphorbia and flowering plants like Celosia , Marigold and bougainvillea . The garden
75-454: A dead weight, which in turn is connected to a float, making up the 'balance weight' together, working inside a masonry well, both on the rear of the dam. The deadweight and float are placed one behind the other so as to have four gates on each side of it. When all eight gates close the sluice , the balance weight moves to the top of its swing and floats to the bottom of the well. The well has an inlet pipe 1 ft (0.30 m) in diameter from
100-460: Is a lake and the dam that creates it. They are close to the settlement of Krishna Raja Sagara in the Indian State of Karnataka . The gravity dam made of surki mortar is below the confluence of river Kaveri with its tributaries Hemavati and Lakshmana Tirtha , in the district of Mandya . Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV Maharaj of Mysore constructed the dam during the famine despite
125-626: Is a garden located 12 k.ms from the city of Mysore in the Mandya District of the Indian State of Karnataka . It lies adjoining the Krishnarajasagara Dam which is built across the river Kaveri . The work on laying out this garden was started in the year 1927 and completed in 1932. Visited by close to 2 million tourists per year, the garden is one of the major attractions of Srirangapatna . Sir Mirza Ismail ,
150-436: Is a show garden that has a botanical park, with fountains, as well as boat rides beneath the dam. Brindavan gardens were built by Maharaja Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar .It was designed by German botanist Gustav Hermann Krumbiegel . Diwan Sir Mirza Ismail of Mysore planned and built the gardens in connection with the construction of the dam.(citation needed) KRS Dam was the first to install automated Crest gates during 1920, which
175-427: Is open to the public and an entry-fee is charged. The garden also has topiary works (sculptures of animals created by clipping shrubs), pergolas (shaded passageway covered by creepers) and gazebos . The main attraction of the park is the musical fountain in which bursts of water are synchronised to the music of songs. There is also a lake within the garden with boating facilities available for visitors. The garden
200-562: Is the main source of water for the districts of Mysore . The water is used for irrigation in Mysore and Mandya , and it is the main source of drinking water for all of Mysore, Mandya and almost the whole of Bengaluru city, the capital of Karnataka . The water released from this dam flows into the state of Tamil Nadu and is stored in Mettur dam in the Salem district. The Brindavan Gardens
225-696: The Deewan of Mysore, a man with a penchant for gardens, founded the Brindavan Gardens (Krishnaraja Sagar Dam in particular) and built the Cauvery River high-level canal to irrigate 120,000 acres (490 km ) in modern Mandya district. The gardens were designed by German botanist and landscape designer Gustav Hermann Krumbiegel . The garden is maintained by the Cauvery Niravari Nigama (Cauvery Irrigation Corporation),
250-523: The construction of the original temple. Each and every temple stone was removed and reconstructed at Hosa Kannambadi with trained artisans and sculptors, with half a dozen experts from Tamil Nadu also involved in the reconstruction. As of December 2011, the temple restoration has been completed, but is awaiting an official inauguration. It however has become a tourist hotspot considering its tale of submersion and relocation. Krishna Raja Sagara Krishna Raja Sagara , also popularly known as KRS ,
275-527: The critical financial condition of State. It was after him that the dam was named. There is an ornamental garden, Brindavan Gardens , attached to the dam. The region of Mysore and especially Mandya had historically been dry and had witnessed mass migration to adjoining areas in the hot summers. A severe drought in 1875–76 partly due to the British Government in India had wiped out one-fifth of
SECTION 10
#1732801814265300-552: The electricity produced from it would not be of complete use due to lack of demand. He then approached T. Ananda Rao , the Diwan of Mysore and the Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV for a reconsideration. Upon examining, the latter gave his consent issuing an order on 11 October 1911 to begin the project and a sum of ₹ 81 lakh was set aside for it. Madras Presidency then opposed the project and urged
325-440: The first phase of the dam was completed and all three temples were submerged. The main idol of Venugopalaswamy, Krishna playing on flute as a cow-herd, was shifted to a new temple in the rehabilitated village before the submersion. The original temple complex was massive, with an area of around 50 acres (20 ha) 100 by 60 yards (91 m × 55 m). The complex was a symmetrical building enclosed by two 'prakaras' and
350-485: The imperial government not to approve it. Upon Visvesvaraya 's persuasion, the government consented. However, the initial plan to build a dam 194-feet high to hold an estimated 41,500,000,000 cu ft (1.18 km ) of water had to be dropped. Construction began in November 1911, and 10,000 workers were employed. A mortar known as surki was used in place of cement, as the latter was not manufactured in India at
375-466: The outer gate (Mahadwara) had verandahs on both sides, flanked by the yagasala and the kitchen. This was enclosed by the second mahadwara, which led to the inner enclosure and was akin to the Somanathapura temple. The temple had a garbhagriha (sanctum sanctorum), a vestibule, a middle hall and a mukhya mantapa (main hall). The cell opposite to the entrance had a figure of Kesava ( Krishna ) and
400-466: The population of the Kingdom of Mysore . Crop failures were common due to a lack of water for irrigation. The Kaveri river was seen as a potential source of irrigation water for the farmers in and around Mysore in the erstwhile Kingdom of Mysore . The Chief Engineer of Mysore, faced opposition from the finance ministry of the government of Mysore, who said the project would "serve no purpose" and that
425-498: The project was estimated to be around ₹ 2.5 crore. The new site is about one km to the north of the original site; the backwaters would touch the outer walls of the temple if the water level of the KRS touched 124.80 ft, its maximum capacity. It is 9 km by road from Brindavan Gardens . The in-house architects of the group had shot the original temple on video, taken over 16,000 photographs, and marked each and every slab used in
450-427: The reservoir that allows water in when the reservoir reaches the maximum permissible level causing the float to rise, and the balance weight to fall pulling the gates up and allowing discharge of water. In the same mechanism, the well gets emptied through an exit pipe when the water level in the reservoir falls. Foundation Stone to dam was laid on 11 November 1911. The dam was built across the river Kaveri in 1924. It
475-533: The rise and fall of water in the reservoir, in six sets, with eight in each. Each gate consists of a sill, lintel, and side grooves and plates; balance weight; float ; chains and pulleys; and inlet and outlet pipes. The gates are made of cast iron and were manufactured at the Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Plant in Bhadravati . The eight sets of gates are connected by means of chains and pulleys to
500-485: The south cell, containing the figure of Gopalakrishna, was a later addition. When the KRS dam was conceived in 1909, the temple was condemned for submersion. By 1930, the entire erstwhile village of Kannambadi was completely buried underwater. However, the temple would resurface whenever the water levels in the reservoir dropped, typically during drought years. This was most evident around the year 2000. For more than 70 years
525-536: The temple lay underwater, when the Khoday Foundation under the guidance of liquor baron and philanthropist Mr. Sri Hari Khoday took up the task of relocating and restoring the temple. It was initially planned to shift the entire complex to Madhuvana Park in Mysore . However, protests from the villagers of Hosa Kannambadi convinced the foundation to shift it to a place near the rehabilitated village. The cost of
SECTION 20
#1732801814265550-490: The time and importing would prove costly for the state. By the time construction was completed in 1931, around 5,000 to 10,000 persons had lost their homes to the project. However, they were rehabilitated and provided with agricultural land in the adjacent areas by the government. The head priest Hindupur Panduranga Rao presided over the inauguration ceremony. In place of spillways that prevent over-topping of dams, Visvesvaraya employed 48 automatic gates that open and close at
575-516: The village of Kannambadi. The KRS Dam project meant that Kannambadi and other surrounding settlements would be submerged. The then king of Mysore, Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV ordered the construction of a new village for the residents of Kannambadi and named it Hosa Kannambadi (New Kannambadi). However, the Venugopala Swamy temple complex and 2 other temples namely Kenneshwara (Ishwara) temple and Kalamma Temple had to be abandoned. By 1930,
600-539: Was initiated by Sir. Erwin who was British chief engineer. Display items include a musical fountain. Various biological research departments are housed here. The landscape of the area represents a complexity of agricultural land, rural habitation, sparingly spread trees and patches of original vegetation at the close by Ranganathittu Wildlife Sanctuary, which attracts wide varieties of local and migrant birds. Nearly 220 species of birds have been recorded here in large numbers. Brindavan Gardens The Brindavan Gardens
625-537: Was renovated in 2005 with a cost of Rs. 50 million. The renovation included sprucing up the musical fountain using a digitised system and repairs of dysfunctional fountains. In 2007, the gardens were closed for a brief duration as a safety measure to avoid trouble related to the Cauvery water dispute . In the year 2003–2004, the gate collection was Rs. 2.07 crores, which increased to Rs 2.69 crores in 2004-05 and Rs 4.3 crores in 2005–06. This revenue
#264735