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21-636: According to the 2002 Russian census , there were 8,240 Veps in Russia. Of the 281 Veps in Ukraine , 11 spoke Vepsian according to the 2001 Ukrainian census . The self-designations of these people in various dialects are vepslaine , bepslaane and (in northern dialects, southwest of Lake Onega ) lüdinik and lüdilaine . Almost all Vepsians are fluent in Russian . The younger generation, in general, does not speak Vepsian although many have an understanding of

42-460: A rural population of 38,738,000 (27%). The non-resident populations included: Census participants were asked what country (or countries) they were citizens of. 142,442,000 respondents reported being Russian citizens; among them, 44,000 also had citizenship of another country. Among Russia's resident population, 1,025,413 foreign citizens and 429,881 stateless persons were counted. [1] 1,269,023 persons did not report their citizenship. Among

63-529: Is Nganasan -like. This Siberian-related component is linked to the spread of Uralic languages. Like other Baltic Finnic peoples, Vepsians have a high Steppe -related admixture. Vepsians share more IBD (identity-by-descent) segments with several Uralic-speaking populations, including geographically distant ones like the Mansis and the Nganasans, than with Russians or other non-Uralic groups near to them. This

84-618: Is consistent with the idea that the Uralic-speaking peoples share some common roots. They have significant IBD segment sharing with the Turkic-speaking Dolgans from Siberia , too. The most common maternal haplogroups among Vepsians include H (57.6%) and U5 (16.8%), showing similarity with other Baltic Finnic groups. 56.4% of Vepsian men have the haplogroup N , which is of East Eurasian origin and commonly found among Uralic-speaking populations. 38.5% belong to

105-593: The Collapse of the Soviet Union or Russia's aging population. As of 2021 , 4,534 people identified as Vepsian. However, 16.5 million people refused to declare an ethnicity in the census, leading some to doubt the legitimacy of the most recent census, and whether the population counts of Ethnic minorities in Russia were accurate. Vepsians cluster with Karelians and Finns . They share most of their autosomal ancestry with Europeans, but about 12% of their ancestry

126-698: The Kargopol area merged linguistically with the Russians before the 20th century. The existence of the Vepsian people was not widely known until the mid-19th century. Despite its close relationship to the Karelian and the Finnish languages, the Vepsian language was thus one of the last Uralic languages to be recognized as one. Vepsians numbered 25,607 in 1897. Some 7,300 of them inhabited East Karelia . In

147-411: The 1990s and the federal authorities abolished the autonomy in 2006. Nowadays the younger generation in general does not speak the language. Since 1926 , The Vepsian population has been significantly declining likely due to multiple factors such as Stalin's mass forced deportation and assimilation within the Soviet Union. However, it could also be attributed to other factors such as immigration after

168-535: The Vepsian culture in 1937. All national activities were stopped and the national districts were abolished. When Finland invaded East Karelia in the Continuation War , some Vepsians joined the so-called Kindred Battalion of the Finnish Army. These troops were relinquished to the Soviet Union after the war. In the postwar period many Veps moved from their historic villages to larger cities. In 1983, on

189-768: The Vepsians. One of the eastern routes on which the Vikings went through their area, and the bjarm people mentioned by the Vikings as inhabiting the coast of the White Sea may have referred to the Veps. Evidence from tombs proves that they had contact with Staraya Ladoga , Finland and Meryans , other Volga Finnic tribes and later with the Principality of Novgorod and other Russian states. Later Vepsians also inhabited

210-401: The beginning of the 20th century there were some signs of national awakening among Vepsians. Early Soviet nationality politics supported this progress, and 24 administrative units with the status of national village soviets were formed. The alphabet and the written language were developed. Teachers started to instruct in Vepsian in some elementary schools. The Soviet authorities started to oppress

231-644: The degree of language competence. For small children, presumably, the recorded answer was based on the language(s) spoken by the parents. 142.6 million (98.3%) of the responders claimed competence in Russian. Other widely reported languages (more than 500,000 speakers each) are listed in the table below. 1.42 million responders did not provide language information. For a more detailed list, see List of languages of Russia . Primer (textbook) A primer (in this sense usually pronounced / ˈ p r ɪ m ər / , sometimes / ˈ p r aɪ m ər / , usually

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252-675: The initiative of national academics, an inquiry was carried out which showed that there were nearly 13,000 Veps in the Soviet Union, 5,600 of whom lived in Karelia, 4,000 in the Leningrad region and just under a 1,000 in the Vologda region. The new Vepsian primer Abekirj and other elementary school books were published in Petrozavodsk in 1991. Kodima , a newspaper in Vepsian, has been published since 1993. The Vepsian rural community

273-921: The language. In modern times, they live in the area between Lake Ladoga , Lake Onega and Lake Beloye – in the Russian Republic of Karelia in the former Veps National Volost , in Leningrad Oblast along the Oyat River in the Podporozhsky and Lodeynopolsky Districts and further south in the Tikhvinsky and Boksitogorsky Districts , and in Vologda Oblast in the Vytegorsky and Babayevsky Districts . Archeological and linguistic studies suggest that Vepsians lived in

294-405: The latter in modern British English ) is a first textbook for teaching of reading , such as an alphabet book or basal reader . The word also is used more broadly to refer to any book that presents the most basic elements of any subject. Secular primer textbooks developed out of medieval religious primer prayer books and educationally-oriented revisions of these devotionals proliferated during

315-511: The participants was also asked more detailed questions about their economic and housing situation. The census also counted two more groups of people: Foreign citizens present in Russia as employees of foreign diplomatic missions or international organizations and members of their household were excluded from the census altogether. The Census recorded a resident population of 145,166,731 persons, including 67,605,133 men and 77,561,598 women. That included an urban population of 106,429,000 (73%) and

336-440: The questions asked was, "Are you competent in the Russian language?" (Владеете ли Вы русским языком?) and "What other languages are you competent in?" (Какими иными языками Вы владеете?) . As the census manual explained, "competence" (владение) meant either the ability to speak, read and write a language, or only the ability to speak it. The questions did not distinguish native and non-native speakers, nor did they try to measure

357-537: The subclade N1a1a (M178) and 17.9% have the subclade N-P43 . The second most common Y-DNA haplogroup among the Veps is R1a (35.9%). 2002 Russian census The 2002 Russian census ( Russian : Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да ) was the first census of the Russian Federation since the dissolution of the Soviet Union , carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It

378-717: The valleys of the Sheksna , the Suda , and the Syas rivers, developing, according to Kalevi Wiik , from the proto-Vepsian Kargopol culture to the east of Lake Onega . They probably also lived in East Karelia and on the northern coast of Lake Onega. It is possible that the earliest mention of the Veps dates to the sixth century CE, when the Gothic historian Jordanes mentioned a people called Vasina broncas, which may have indicated

399-540: The western and eastern shores of Onega. In early Kievan Rus' chronicles, they are called "Весь" (Ves’) and in some Arabic sources they are called Wisu . It is assumed that Bjarmians were at least partly Vepsians. From the 12th century their history is connected with first the Principality of Novgorod and then Muscovy . Russian settlement reached the Onega Veps in the 14th or 15th century. Eastern Vepsians in

420-804: Was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics (Rosstat). The census data were collected as of midnight October 9, 2002. The census was primarily intended to collect statistical information about the resident population of the Russian Federation. The resident population included: All detailed census tables are for the resident population. All (resident) participants were asked questions on their gender, birth date, marital status, household composition, birthplace, citizenship, ethnic or tribal self-identification (национальность), education level, language competence, sources of income, and employment status. A sample of

441-576: Was formed in East Karelia in 1994, encompassing 8,200 square kilometers of land and 3,373 inhabitants, 42% of them Vepsian. The authorities of the Republic of Karelia granted some budgetary autonomy to the Vepsian community in 1996. The language was taught as a subject in two schools, in Shyoltozero and Rybreka  [ ru ] . However, the cultural revival slowed in the second half of

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