124-563: The Mitsubishi Magna is a mid-size car that was produced over three generations between 1985 and 2005 by Mitsubishi Motors Australia Limited (MMAL). Developed as a replacement for the Mitsubishi Sigma , each Magna generation derived from Japanese platforms re-engineered for the Australian market and conditions. Initially, Magna offered inline-four engines in a mid-size sedan package—a station wagon debuted in 1987. Over
248-699: A CD player and alloy wheels. Subsequent additions to the model range included the Advance (safety-package) and the Altera LS (mid-luxury package), which featured ABS, airbags, CD player and alloy wheels as standard. The TE series was launched with an initial palette of eight colours. Four were carried over from the previous TS Magna (i.e. Paris White , Calypso Red , Arctic Blue , and Maderia (maroon)) and another four were newly introduced (i.e. Silverleaf (silver), Kashmir (light beige), Greenstone and Embassy (charcoal grey)). A short-lived Olive Green colour
372-570: A cab over van equipped for both commercial and commuting duties using the Corona engines, called the Toyota HiAce , offering more payload than the Corona was suited for. The coupé utility was produced by the former Central Motors between October 1964 and August 1968. In July 1965 the 2-door hardtop coupé body style was introduced. Top speed for the 1.2-litre Corona is 110 km/h (68 mph). In January 1967 this also became available as
496-576: A front-wheel drive (FWD) vehicle released in August 1983. Engineers accomplished this by splicing an extra 65 millimetres (2.6 in) of width through the Galant's body and by strengthening it for Australian road conditions. Mitsubishi Motors codenamed these cars as "YF" and "YFW"—"W" for "wide". To emphasise the size advantage of the Mitsubishi over other medium cars, it was named Magna—deriving from
620-544: A "Toyota" rather than a "Toyopet" in the Japanese domestic market. All models featured MacPherson strut independent front suspension as well as a four-link trailing arm rear suspension arrangement with a Panhard rod , except for the wagon, which used leaf springs, like the Corolla and Cressida wagons. Disc brakes were fitted as standard equipment on the front of all models. Rear disc brakes were fitted as standard on
744-684: A "light van" in Japan. This was registered as a commercial vehicle for certain tax benefits and less restrictive emissions standards. When introduced, the Corona Van was available as a 1600 (TT137V) or an 1800 (RT137V), both using engines not installed in the rest of the range. The 2T-J in the 1600 Standard produces 93 PS (68 kW) at 6000 rpm while the DX and GL models' 1.8-litre 16R offered 95 PS (70 kW) at 5600 rpm but with considerably more torque. The 2T and 16R were both replaced by
868-584: A 1,200-kilogram (2,600 lb) load capacity. In June 1988, a sporty Elante model (with EFI, sportier suspension tuning and bodykit) and an Elite wagon also arrived. In June 1989, a final update and facelift of the first generation Magna was launched, known as the TP series. Trimmings were again updated with a further revised grille insert and rear lights fascia (now featuring a grey row) as well as new wheels designs and paint colours. An improved four-speed automatic transmission, interior console and seats were also part of
992-420: A 1.5-litre OHV engine and four-speed manual and then the 6R 1.7-litre OHC engine. After the first facelift (new nose and tail, square instead of round instrument housings) for 1972, the 6R engine was again used. The 1972 facelift (another new grille) saw two models – 1.6-litre OHV with three-speed column-shift manual and bench front seat and 1.7-litre four-speed floor shift manual and high-back buckets. This version
1116-537: A GLX and Super Saloon, whereas the V3000 comprised an Executive, Super Saloon (renamed Elite for wagons) and SEi. The new Australian-made Mitsubishi was designed to be exported internationally and its build quality reflected this engineering intent, with planned initial station wagon volumes of 10,000 units per year to Japan, the US, UK and New Zealand for an eventual total of 40,000 units per year. The Verada station wagon formed
1240-543: A GLX base model, which was only carbureted and was priced lower than the other models to make the new Magna more appealing to fleet buyers. In July 1991, MMAL introduced an upmarket derivative called the Mitsubishi Verada with a 3.0-litre V6 engine and codenamed KR series. Both Magna and Verada shared the same body, although the latter featured a unique grille and larger bumpers from the US export models as well as luxury fittings. The Australian-made 3.0-litre V6
1364-476: A car's width was a crucial factor to Australian buyers who have traditionally favoured large cars. As a result, to compete more effectively against the large RWD rivals, viz. the Ford Falcon and Holden Commodore , former Chrysler engineers now working for MMAL, developed a wider mid-sized car specific to the Australian market. This model derived from the fifth-generation Japanese Mitsubishi Galant Σ (Sigma) ,
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#17327797865561488-655: A claimed A$ 50 million development cost, Mitsubishi introduced the Magna to Australia in April 1985, initially as a sedan only model, but with a station wagon added in June 1987. It was manufactured at Tonsley Park, South Australia . MMAL designated this first, 1985 Magna as the TM series, with the 1987 and 1989 updates known as the TN and TP series respectively. Mitsubishi developed the Magna as
1612-497: A claimed top speed of 200 km/h (125 mph). In 1972, a new set of performance coupes is introduced on the Corolla platform called the Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno . North American models had longer bumpers (hiding recoverable bumper shocks) to meet local 5 mph (8.0 km/h) impact standards; they gained standard radial tires in 1975. Side door impact upgrades were installed in all doors. This series also saw
1736-579: A displacement of 1587 cc was equipped with a twin SU carburetor (Australian models with 12R engine had one double barrel Aisin downdraft carburetor), and was capable of 90 bhp (67 kW; 91 PS). Disc brakes were also introduced for the front wheels. Exports of this Corona proved popular in the US and Europe, with increased engine performance and durability improvements over previous versions. In September 1967 alone, Toyota produced 80,000 cars, with 30,000 being Coronas. In August 1967 Toyota installed
1860-530: A driver's fingertips and making them jointly height adjustable with the steering column. Elite also featured an LCD instrument panel, in line with the Japanese automotive trend in the late 1980s. Common to all models were a tilt adjustable steering and cable-operated fuel filler door release. Non-Elite models also had a roof mounted manual antenna above the right A-pillar and the following optional equipment: air conditioning (GLX, Executive and SE), power steering and automatic transmission (GLX and SE). Sale prices were
1984-401: A five-door van. In April 1967, the larger and more powerful 3P (1.35-litre) and 2R (1.5-litre) engines became available, replacing the lesser 2P in most markets. Power of these were 77 and 65 PS (57 and 48 kW) respectively. The Toyota automatic transmission, marketed as Toyoglide , was introduced on this version of the Corona. The 4R (12R in Australian versions) engine that had
2108-574: A four-door sedan and station wagon. The engine continued to use an OHV on base level vehicles, and SOHC on better equipped versions and most of the two-door coupés. The engines used in the Mark II were often shared with the Corona. Trim levels originally offered were the 1500 standard or DX, 1600 DX, and the 1600 SL (although the 1900 cc 8R engine was offered in North America and South Africa). The 1.5 offered 77 PS (57 kW), while
2232-486: A four-link beam axle with coil springs. Between 1985 and 1990, MMAL sold almost 209,000 Magnas. At launch in April 1985, the TM series included the following models: the base GLX, the mid-range SE and the high-end Elite. August 1986 saw the range expanded with a better-than-GLX equipped model known as the "Executive". Aimed at fleet buyers, this new variant added full plastic wheel coverings, standard power steering and manual or automatic transmission with air conditioning as
2356-636: A full bodykit, gold striping and gold alloy wheels. The TP sedan remained in production until April 1991 whereas the station wagon continued to be sold alongside the new TR series Magna sedan until May 1992. Several limited editions were introduced to support sales. These included the GLX-based Encore sedan and wagon of May 1991 with air-conditioning as standard. Then in September 1991, 500 more Grand Tourers were released—this time as station wagons featuring silver striping and silver alloy wheels from
2480-598: A key critical factor in Magna's market competitiveness, since for less money, MMAL was able to sell a more refined and economical package relative to its main rivals. This was especially reflected in the merits highlighted under the "value for money" category of the Wheels Car of the Year title won by Magna in 1985. The TM series was marred by various quality-control problems (chiefly, fragile engine heads and automatic transmissions), which were gradually rectified throughout
2604-684: A more premium status than the increasingly popular Magna V6. In December 1995, the export version of the V6 wagon was sold locally as the Verada Touring wagon, in a limited edition of only 81 manuals and 99 automatics. The successful introduction of the Verada as the luxury flagship and upmarket shift of the Magna SE, resulted in the demise of the Magna Elite. The TS and KS series were replaced by
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#17327797865562728-522: A novel security system that would make the unit completely inoperable in the event that its power was disconnected) with the Elite also adding a rear quarter panel electric antenna, separate equaliser and steering wheel controls. In addition, instead of standard control steering stalks and ventilation panel on the centre console, both the SE and Elite had two steering side pods, thus bringing all major controls within
2852-433: A rearward-sloping front end and a modestly restyled rear; North American cars received quad rectangular headlamps and a standard five-speed manual or an optional four-speed automatic. To meet an 85 per cent overall local parts content as a manufacturer, Toyota Australia chose to manufacture Corona sedans and wagons using 1.9-litre Holden Starfire engines . As installed by Toyota, the engine received some minor changes in
2976-468: A replacement for the rear-wheel drive (RWD) Sigma . Previously, Mitsubishi had a larger family car in the form of the mainly six-cylinder Chrysler Valiant , inherited upon MMAL's takeover of Chrysler Australia 's operations in 1980. Nevertheless, the Valiant was put out of production the following year, making the medium-sized Sigma MMAL's largest offering. When a replacement became due, MMAL opined that
3100-416: A revised grille and bonnet, new headlight surrounds and a restyled dashboard. The taillights were also modified; while still rectangular, they were less busy in appearance. New Zealand assembly began with 1.6 OHV, three-speed manual column shift and bench front seat and 1.8-litre 16R OHC four-speed manual bucket front seat options. Later, the 18R 2.0-litre OHC engine replaced the 1.8 and was also offered with
3224-478: A separate platform, eventually dispensing with the "Corona" part of the name. The T80 series Corona was introduced February 1970 and was a complete redesign, and was developed on a separate platform from the Toyota Corona Mark II , which became a larger, more comfortable and powerful car, where the Corona remained focused on fuel economy. Body styles were further reduced to a two-door hardtop coupé,
3348-434: A single-occupant car that could accommodate three other passengers. A bench seat was not offered for front-seat passengers, and a console was blended into the dashboard, accommodating 4-speed or optional 5-speed. Due to its sporting nature, no automatic transmission was offered, and a limited slip differential was standard equipment. The interior only came in black, with reclining front bucket seats. The steering wheel matched
3472-587: A substantial styling update in 2003. They were replaced by the Mitsubishi 380 in 2005. MMAL manufactured the Magna/Verada at its Clovelly Park, South Australia plant. The majority of its engines—most notably, the original four-cylinder Astron II (codenamed 4G54 ) and subsequent Cyclone V6 engines (codenamed 6G72 and 6G74 )—were manufactured at the Lonsdale, South Australia plant. Following
3596-600: A three-speed automatic, the first auto Corona in New Zealand. A later update replaced the 2000 with an upgraded trim version badged 2000SE and wagon assembly commenced. Australian models had the 18R from the start, as did South African ones. Introduced in Japan in September 1978, the T130 series Corona adopted a boxier design over the outgoing T100/110/120 series. It maintained the standard front-engine / rear-wheel-drive layout of all Coronas that preceded it. The T130 series
3720-568: A two-litre engine at this time. Among the mechanical updates were electronic fuel injection installed on the 18R-E with a SOHC engine design that appeared in the two-door coupé. The 18R-B had twin SU Carburetors, with an electronically controlled automatic transmission, labeled ECT. Four-cylinder engine choices were pushrod 1.35 (van Standard only), 1.5, and 1.6-litre engines, and overhead-cam 1.7, 1.9, and 2.0-litre petrol units. Vans (wagons) were sold with 1.35 3P or 1.5-litre 2R engines for
3844-1044: A variant of the Corona was offered in various markets as the Carina . The Corona was ultimately replaced in Japan by the Toyota Premio ; in Europe by the Toyota Avensis ; and in Asia, Pacific markets, and the Americas by the Toyota Camry . The nameplate corona derives from the Latin word for "crown", the sedan taking its place just below Toyota's similarly named flagship, the Toyota Crown . The first-generation Corona, introduced in May 1957 and became available on
Mitsubishi Magna - Misplaced Pages Continue
3968-647: Is a UK term and a part of the D-segment in the European car classification. Mid-size cars are manufactured in a variety of body styles, including sedans , coupes , station wagons , hatchbacks , and convertibles . Compact executive cars can also fall under the mid-size category. The automobile that defined this size in the United States was the Rambler Six that was introduced in 1956, although it
4092-466: The 2000SL and the 2000SR with fuel injection. The 7R-engined RT82 was short-lived in Japan, only being available between February and September 1970, but in other markets it may have remained available until the introduction of the next Corona. In the United States, the 1970s were probably the Corona's high point, helped by the fuel crises of 1973 and 1979. Competition for sales continued from
4216-789: The Crown hardtop coupé in October 1968, the Corona Mark II GSS , the Celica GT, and the Carina GT in 1970 and the Toyota Corolla Levin and Sprinter Trueno in 1972, while a 2.0-litre DOHC engine continued to be offered in subsequent Corona GT coupés until 1983. On the front fenders, grilles were installed, and the inverted triangle found on the grille of the 2000GT is also installed on the 1600GT's grille. The Corona
4340-621: The Crown . The Corona was marketed in the JDM at Toyota's Toyopet Store dealership channels, and the Corona was one of Toyota's first models exported to other global markets, followed by the smaller Toyota Corolla . The Corona played a key role in Toyota's North American success. Having previously entered the North American passenger car market in 1957 as Toyopet , the company met little success, withdrawing in 1961. The company re-entered
4464-718: The Electronics Car . Based on the Corona Hardtop 1700SL, it showed many electronic innovations but was not put into production. 31 August 1973 saw the introduction of the Corona T100-Series, which continued to be built as a two-door or four-door sedans , a two-door hardtop coupé (T110 chassis codes) and as a four-door station wagon (marketed as a van for commercial use in Japan). Chassis codes 100–105 were reserved for sedans, with 106–109 for vans,
4588-626: The Japanese domestic market . A total of only 318 of these vehicles were sold in the US. In Australia the Tiara was produced in Port Melbourne , Victoria by Australian Motor Industries (AMI) starting from 1963. Two concept cars were shown at the 1963 Tokyo Motor Show – the Corona 1500S Convertible and the Corona 1900S Sporty Sedan . The Corona Sports Coupe was a concept car shown at
4712-574: The Nissan Bluebird , and from a new competitor from the Mazda RX-2 in 1971, with an introduction to the US in 1972. As with the prior generation models offered were limited to the four-door sedan and the hardtop coupe for most of the run, with the wagon added only for 1973, the final model year of the generation. These models were assembled in New Zealand (by Steel's) and Australia (Australian Motor Industries or AMI). NZ models initially had
4836-652: The Supra ). In spite of its air of sports and luxury, the Corona XX received the 58 kW (79 PS; 78 hp) Starfire engine, albeit here only with a five-speed manual. Beginning in November 1979, Toyota Australia also imported the five-door Corona liftback fitted with Toyota's own, much more modern 2.0-litre 18R-C engine with 63 kW (86 PS; 84 hp). In 1981 the Australian Corona received
4960-582: The early 1990s recession , MMAL's ambitions to compete more directly with Ford and Holden with a six-cylinder Magna remained on hold. Finally, in 1993, with the economy recovering and oil prices stabilised after the Gulf War , the Verada's V6 engine was offered on Magna for the first time—albeit as an option. This 3.0-litre V6 was only available on the Executive, which was also equipped with larger 15-inch wheels and different interior trim. A small "V6" badge on
5084-577: The "big cars of the future." By 1978, General Motors made its intermediate models smaller. New "official" size designations in the U.S. were introduced by the EPA , which defined market segments by passenger and cargo space. Formerly mid-sized cars that were built on the same platform, like the AMC Matador sedan, had a combined passenger and cargo volume of 130 cubic feet (3.68 m ), and were now considered "full-size" automobiles. Cars that defined
Mitsubishi Magna - Misplaced Pages Continue
5208-463: The 1,198 cc 2P engine, with 55 PS (40 kW) at 5,000 rpm. This allowed for a maximum load of 500 kg (1,102 lb) for the two-seater versions and 300 kg (661 lb) for the five-seaters. Heavier loads were better accommodated by the Toyota Stout , while larger commercial grade trucks became available at Toyota Diesel Store locations. 1967 also saw the debut of
5332-513: The 1,587 cc (96.8 cu in) DOHC 9R engine in the RT55 1600GT . This engine used the 4R engine block borrowed from the Corona 1600S with a Yamaha built DOHC head derived from the 2.0 L 3M engine in the exotic 2000GT that was introduced May 1967, and produced 110 PS (81 kW). The 1600GT was offered as a more affordable junior version of the larger, more exclusive 2000GT. In production for only 13 months, 2,222 examples of
5456-475: The 1.6 has 85 or 100 PS (63 or 74 kW) depending on the spec. A slight change occurred in January 1971, when the 2R and 7R engines (RT80/82/86V) were replaced by the more powerful 12R and 6R units (RT81/84/87V). At the same time, the larger 1.9-litre RT83 was added to the lineup. A plethora of transmissions were offered, with a three-speed manual as standard. A four-speed manual with a floor-mounted lever
5580-478: The 110–115 was for the hardtop coupé while 116–119 was for the wagon versions. The 120-series model codes were used for late-series facelifted models in the Japanese market fitted with the new emissions control TTC-C motors. The two-speed automatic was no longer offered. The facelift revised the bonnet and grille and enlarged the tail lights. The station wagon featured optional wood panel body claddings. Engines were 1.6, 1.8 and 2.0-litre SOHC units. In North America,
5704-473: The 1600GT were manufactured in Bellatrix Yellow, Pegasus White, Solar Red, and Thunder Silver metallic – all colours that were also offered on the 2000GT. The introduction of a two-door hardtop coupe reflected the growing prosperity of the Japanese economy . While the coupé offered some practical items like a spacious trunk and a rear seatback that folded down for additional items, it was offered as
5828-430: The 1962 Ford Fairlane was viewed by consumers as too close to the compact Falcon in size and performance as well as too close to the full-sized Ford models in price. It was the introduction of General Motors " senior compacts " that grew the mid-size market segment as the line of cars themselves kept increasing in size. By 1965, these GM "A platform" mid-size models matched the size of 1955 full-size cars. During
5952-463: The 1963 Tokyo Motor Show – it shared little with the Corona except the suspension and the name. The load carrying variants, Coronaline van and pickup (technically a coupé utility ) were introduced in July and September 1960 with rigid axle semi-oval leaf spring rear suspension and 500 kg payload capacity, to fill commercial segment below the heavier capacity Toyota Stout . The third generation
6076-416: The 1970s, the intermediate class in the U.S. was generally defined as vehicles with wheelbases between 112 inches (2,845 mm) and 118 inches (2,997 mm). Once again, the cars grew and by 1974 they were "about as large as the full-size cars of a decade or so ago ... best sellers include Ford Torino , Chevrolet Chevelle , AMC Matador , Plymouth Satellite ..." The domestic manufacturers began changing
6200-455: The 2.2-litre 20R engine with the Celica. Emission regulations passed in 1978 were applied across the range of models offered. The 1.8L engine was equipped with electronic fuel injection as well as the 2.0L engine. In Japan the venerable 2.0L 18R-G was offered in the range-topping 2000GT, developing 101 kW (135 hp) at 5800 rpm. The station wagon was, as usual at the time, marketed as
6324-465: The 2000GT and 2000SL, which were not available to all international markets. Other models were fitted with rear drum brakes . The Corona range received a thorough facelift in August 1980, with new rearwards sloping rectangular headlights which gave it a more modern appearance at the front. The T130 series was manufactured with a wide range of engine and transmission combinations. 1.6-litre 12R , 2T (and associated 12T ) and 2.0-litre 18R engines are
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#17327797865566448-564: The 20R 2.2-litre engine was used. The high-performance 2000GT Sedan and Hardtop Coupé with 18R-G twin cam engine were only offered in Japan. Yamaha supplied the alloy head for these high performance normally aspirated engines fitted with twin Mikuni-Solex 40 mm side-draft carburettors and a compression ratio of 9.7:1. Gearbox was the Porsche-type synchromesh 5-speed P51 coupled to a 4.1 F series limited slip differential, giving
6572-438: The 3.0-litre V6 produced 140 kW (188 hp) and 255 N⋅m (188 lb⋅ft), claiming a markedly quicker 100 km/h (62 mph) sprint and improved 80 to 100 km/h (50 to 62 mph) acceleration times. The four-speed electronic "INVECS II" automatic transmission was new and could adapt to the driver's pattern of use and road conditions to select the optimum gear for any situation, thanks to "fuzzy-logic". Although
6696-468: The Advance had a different interior trim and was fitted as standard with airbags and ABS. The full colour-coded Altera and Altera LS introduced power windows and several other options such as dual front airbags. Manual transmissions became only available on Executive, Advance, Solara and Sports. From June to August 1998, a limited edition Solara was introduced and it included all Advance features as standard, plus: alloy wheels, colour-coding, "Solara" badging on
6820-852: The Australian project was some A$ 500 million and both cars won the 1996 Wheels Car of the Year award, with judges praising the car's value for money. As was the case with the second generation, the TE and KE series shared the same platform, which was codenamed "YR". Their bodies were bigger (10 mm or 0.4 in higher and longer than the TS series but close to the KS series) and stiffer (13 percent more) yet only marginally heavier (by less than 20 kilograms or 44 pounds) than before thanks to its greater aluminium construction. The new Magna and Verada also had coupe-like frameless windows plus slim centre/B-pillars, with increased front and rear legroom and boot space. The Verada
6944-428: The Corona and based on the Toyota Celica platform, was introduced in 1970. It was available at a different dealership sales channel called Toyota Store . This generation of Corona was available at dealerships called Toyopet Store . The Corona pick-up was no longer manufactured due to the introduction of the Hilux in 1969. Along with the August 1972 facelift, the Corona received the 2.0-litre engine which appeared in
7068-432: The Corona one year after the debut of the Corona's traditional competitor, the Nissan Bluebird . In November 1966, Toyota introduced the Corolla , a smaller vehicle to address the market that needed a more fuel efficient vehicle, allowing the Corona to increase in size. 0–97 km/h (0–60 mph) time was 15.1 seconds. Originally, commercial models (three-door van, coupé utility, and double-cab coupé utility) utilized
7192-424: The Corona was also known as the Tiara (in keeping with the crown naming convention) when exported by Toyota Motor Corporation . It was introduced at a critical time for the company in North America. Their first flagship car, the Toyopet Crown , was unsuccessful in the US market, and the Corona was added to offer a choice along with the Land Cruiser . At the time, there was little market for an off-road vehicle like
7316-468: The Corona was replaced for the 1983 model year by the similarly sized but front-wheel-drive Camry sedan and five-door hatchback. Since then, the Camry has grown a size larger than the Corona and its sportier Carina sister car. The Corona was originally fitted with the 2.2-litre 20R engine, but along with a facelift for 1981 this was switched to the 2367 cc 22R with 96 hp (72 kW; 97 PS) at 4800 rpm. The facelift version received
7440-405: The Corona's length of 162.4 in (4,125 mm) for the sedan, and the coupe, with a width of 1,610 mm (63.4 in) in comparison to 61 in (1,549 mm) for the sedan and coupe. The height of the Mark II is lower at 1,405 mm (55.3 in) over 1,420 mm (55.9 in) for the sedan, but higher at 1,374 mm (54.1 in) for the coupé. After 1972, this was spun off as
7564-436: The Elante. The Grand Tourer wagons all had EFI engines. The final run of production consisted of 500 units of the Executive Safari wagon in November 1991, all with EFI and automatic transmission. TM (1985–1987) TN (1987–1989) Limited editions: TP (1989–1991) Limited editions: Magna was re engineered from the ground-up with the introduction of a larger sedan in April 1991, and station wagon in May 1992. This series
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#17327797865567688-400: The Executive and the Altera (previously, the SE), both available with a choice of either engine and four-speed automatic or five-speed manual transmissions. From October 1996, fully equipped Advance and Altera LS models (the latter, the equivalent of the previous Elite model) were added. The 2.4-litre four-cylinder engine produced 105 kW (141 hp) and 205 N⋅m (151 lb⋅ft), while
7812-468: The Japanese Governments passage of emission control regulations, Toyota introduced the Toyota TTC -V (Vortex) on the 80 PS (59 kW) 19R engine only, using an Exhaust gas recirculation implementation. In Japan, the 12R-U engine was designed to run on LPG for taxi usage, starting in October 1975. To meet new emissions regulations the 1.6-litre 12R engine was replaced by the more modern 2T-J in commercial models. The 18R-E engine with fuel injection that
7936-426: The Land Cruiser. The front mask of the T20 Corona is reminiscent of the 1955–1957 Ford Thunderbird , and shares its appearance with the entry-level offering, called the Toyota Publica . The Tiara was introduced to sell alongside the Crown , as a smaller companion. Introduced in March 1960, the car was powered by a 45 PS (33 kW) 1.0 L "P" series motor. With a three-speed manual transmission, top speed
8060-416: The Latin word magnus , meaning "big". The only major aesthetic difference of the Magna relative to its Japanese donor was the wider body, as the general styling and side profile were similar also thanks to shared tooling for doors, guards and pillars. While still smaller and lighter than its then current RWD rivals, the Ford Falcon and Holden Commodore, the Magna trumped the latter for interior space due to
8184-472: The Magna and Verada, instead of Diamantes with exclusive specifications for all other world export markets. The Executive was the entry-level model that featured: power steering, four-speaker sound system, power mirrors, remote boot and fuel filler release, central locking and an engine immobiliser. The Altera model, which was a mid-entry-level model, added: air-conditioning, power windows and cruise control. Options included: airbags for driver and passenger, ABS,
8308-472: The North American market in June 1964, rebranded as Toyota , introducing its third-generation Corona with more modern technology and numerous standard features. Toyota advertised the car prominently, with the company's first television commercial featuring the Corona. The car was well received, winning the 1969 Road Test Import Car of the Year. The Corona helped boost U.S. sales of Toyota vehicles to more than 20,000 units in 1966 (a threefold increase), making
8432-404: The United States but very little in Japan, and this was the last Corona to be offered in this bodystyle. The Corona saw new competitors in both Japan, Europe and the United States from the Honda Accord in 1976, and the Subaru DL in 1974. The advantage the Honda and Subaru had over the Corona was that both vehicles were front-wheel-drive , while the Corona was rear-wheel-drive . In response to
8556-530: The Verada Ei, but polished), and unique interior trims such as a metal-style instrument cluster fascia. Its V6 was standard as on all Magnas, however, only the Sports could be optioned with a manumatic Tiptronic four-speed automatic transmission featuring for the first time on an Australian-built car, a manual shifting function (via a second transmission gate plane to the right of standard gear positions, with "push-forward" upshifts and "push-back" downshifts). The Sports had improved handling characteristics thanks to
8680-598: The Xi featured an electronically controlled suspension with four-way adjustable shock absorbers (dampers) and adjustable pneumatic springs in addition to the standard coil springs . This system automatically adjusts spring and damper rates commensurate with road conditions, speed and driving style. An anti-lock braking system (ABS) and driver's airbag became available for the first time on both Veradas. The New Zealand export cars were badged Magna and V3000 , depending on their respective fitment of four- and six-cylinder engines. The four-cylinder Magna model range comprised
8804-418: The ability to switch between the default three-speed mode or overdrive four-speed). The Executive and luxury Elite models, however, were available only in automatic. In terms of suspension, Magna's front comprised MacPherson struts front design and, at the rear, a three-link torsion beam axle with coil springs (specifically, a torsion beam axle, located by two trailing arms and a Panhard rod ). The wagons ran
8928-427: The addition of an 18 mm rear swaybar (a rear bar swaybar was not fitted to the standard Magna), 11 percent firmer rear springs, firmer upper control arm and trailing arm bushes, and suspension height lowered by 10 mm. Options included dual airbags and ABS. This specific model represented MMAL's foray into the Australian sporty family passenger car sector, as well as an initial and long overdue departure from
9052-421: The all-new third generation TE and KE series in 1996, however, the wagons remained for sale up to 1997 pending the delayed arrival of a new generation wagon. TR (1991–1994) Limited editions: TS (1994–1996) Limited editions: In April and July 1996, MMAL respectively released a new generation Magna and Verada, which were broadly based on the pillar-less Japanese second generation Diamante . The cost of
9176-527: The basis of MMAL's export programme, becoming the sole Diamante for all world markets except Japan, where a Japanese-built Diamante remained available. Mitsubishi planned to export 25,000 units per year to 18 countries. In its biggest market—the United States—the Diamante was positioned to compete in the "near luxury" segment. In New Zealand, the V3000 badge was retired and the new Diamante sold there consisted of rebadged Australian models of both
9300-509: The basis of MMAL's large export programme under the Diamante and Sigma names, with Australia the only source of these wagons worldwide. All models were facelifted in March 1994, with the arrival of the new TS and KS series. Their respective engines were further upgraded and, apart from revised wheel trims, the revised Magna sedans were also identifiable by a new colour-keyed boot garnish around
9424-852: The boot lid distinguished the six- from the four-cylinder model. At launch, the TR series comprised the Magna Executive sedan, SE sedan, and the automatic sedan-only Elite. Of the V6-engined Verada range, the Ei version was equipped to about the same level as a Magna SE, with the exception that air-conditioning was standard. The top of the range Verada Xi also included alloy wheels, keyless door entry, climate control, cruise control, an upmarket sound system, steering wheel controls for cruise and sound system, power windows, electrically adjustable driver's seat, power antenna, and security system. Furthermore,
9548-488: The car reaching a fifteenth position on the 1967 sales charts. September 1968 saw the release of a larger model called the Corona Mark II. It was a slightly larger vehicle than the Corona with a higher level of equipment offered at the time, sharing some of the features of the larger Crown, but taking the top position at Toyopet Store locations. The Corona Mark II is longer, at 4,295 mm (169.1 in) over
9672-447: The combined passenger and cargo volume, mid-size cars are defined as having an interior volume index of 110–119 cu ft (3.1–3.4 m ). Toyota Corona#T140 The Toyota Corona ( Japanese: トヨタ・コロナ , Toyota Korona ) is an automobile manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota across eleven generations between 1957 and 2001. On launch, the Corona was Toyota's second-highest product in their range, just below
9796-584: The company the third-best-selling import brand in the United States by 1967. In 2014, editors at Car and Driver called the Corona one of the best Toyotas ever made, arguing that Toyota survived long enough to thrive in America because of the Corona. By 1968, the Corona name was used on a larger platform, marketed as the Corona Mark II . The Corona itself was marketed under a numerous nameplates worldwide, including in European markets as Carinas , and
9920-678: The definition of "medium" as they developed new models for an evolving market place. A turning point occurred in the late 1970s, when rising fuel costs and government fuel economy regulations caused all car classes to shrink, and in many cases to blur. Automakers moved previously "full-size" nameplates to smaller platforms such as the Ford LTD II and the Plymouth Fury . A comparison test by Popular Science of four intermediate sedans (the 1976 AMC Matador, Chevrolet Malibu , Ford Torino, and Dodge Coronet ) predicted that these will be
10044-474: The first year, but the 1.5 was replaced by the 1.6-litre 12R engine in January 1971. The 1.7-litre 6R engine was added to the lineup in September 1970, and became available in the van in September 1971. North America only received the Corona wagon in July 1972 (and only for the 1973 model year), as the two-litre RT89. A performance oriented in-house competitor called the Toyota Carina , close in size to
10168-449: The form of its own camshaft, manifold, and carburettor. In Toyota engine terminology it received 1X badging and was coupled with a four-speed or optional five-speed Borg-Warner 505. A three-speed automatic was also available. Period commenters universally criticized the antiquated Holden powerplant as rough, lacking power, and excessively thirsty. There was also a very well-equipped Corona XX, recognizable by its alloy wheels (shared with
10292-632: The front door A-pillar triangle. A wagon version was launched in March 1997, with a drag coefficient of C d =0.33, but was quickly replaced by the TF series equivalent three months later. The TF/KF series was introduced in June 1997. Magna's range consisted of five models: Executive, Advance, Altera, Altera LS and Sports. The 2.4-litre four-cylinder engine was seen only in the Executive. These cars offered redesigned wheel covers, speed-limit alert and upgraded interior trims, which included cup holders. The Executive and Advance were identical in appearance but
10416-494: The inherently superior packaging offered by the FWD layout. As the enlarging added minimal weight and the overall footprint remained smaller compared to rivals, the Magna could make do with a big-bore four-cylinder engine instead of the more traditional six-cylinder engines used by Holden and Ford. Even despite a drag coefficient of C d =0.36, fuel efficiency was not significantly better. In particular, average fuel consumption
10540-476: The larger Holden Commodore. The platform widening also helped influence Honda , Mazda , Nissan , and Toyota to do the same for their mid-size models in international markets, such as in the case of the "wide-bodied" Toyota Camry (XV10) of 1991. The engine of the Magna was the Australian-made 2.6-litre transversely-mounted inline-four cylinder engine. Codenamed 4G54 and marketed as Astron II , it
10664-463: The later production of the TF series and the final unit built came out in December 1998. About 60,000 TF Magna's were built and over 5,000 KF Verada's for Australian roads. Mid-size car Mid-size —also known as intermediate —is a vehicle size class which originated in the United States and is used for cars larger than compact cars and smaller than full-size cars . "Large family car"
10788-414: The licence plate, instead of the previous grey. The revised Verada received additional equipment previously reserved for export markets. These included a more distinctive front grille, more expensive multi-parabola headlights relative to single units (the first Australian-built car to adopt these and a distinguishing figure for future luxury and sports Magna-derivatives) and greater cabin equipment to maintain
10912-594: The life of the first generation. April 1987 brought the first update to Magna, designated TN. Cosmetic changes included a new grille insert, the relocation of the rear license plate to the bumper and revised trim. Better seats, an optional EFI engine upgrade, revised automatic transmission, improved audio and more equipment marked the changes which kept sales strong. From June 1987, a station wagon body variant engineered and exclusively built in Australia, broadened Magna's appeal further, particularly with fleets thanks to
11036-619: The market two months later, was designed with parts from the previous-generation Crown and Master following a major restyle and enlargement of the Crown. The design of many of the body panels were cut down from the Master which had ceased production. Aside from the 4-door T10 sedan, the T16V 3-door van version was introduced in October 1958 as Toyopet Coronaline. Originally, the T10/16 Corona
11160-758: The mid-size market in the 1980s and 1990s included the Chrysler K-Cars ( Dodge Aries and Plymouth Reliant ), the Ford Taurus , and the Toyota Camry , which was upsized into the midsize class in 1991. The Taurus and Camry came to define the mid-size market for decades. Mid-size cars were the most popular category of cars sold in the United States, with 27.4 percent during the first half of 2012, ahead of crossovers at 19 percent. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year (dated July 1996) includes definitions for classes of automobiles. Based on
11284-696: The more conservative Japanese product planning. The Sports' production ceased after September 1998. The 3.5-litre engine that powered the KF series Verada was identical to that fitted to the KE series. Its main changes, like the TF series Magna, included new wheel designs and cabin trim, revised colours and a specification adjustment – such as an over-speed warning device, cupholders and standard dual front airbags. Several new colours ( Cocoon White (pearl white), Astral Blue (metallic blue), Lugano Green (pearl blue/green) and Burra (pearl dark red/bronze)) were introduced during
11408-563: The most common. The LPG-powered 12R engine became available in the Japanese domestic market in February 1979 and, along with the LPG-powered 5R engined model, continued to be built until August 1982. The rest of the Corona range was taken out of production for the Japanese market in December 1981. Amongst other minor changes, the 1.8-litre 3T / 13T engine was added in 1981 to replace the 1.6-litre 2T/12T. The North American Corona shared
11532-551: The newer 12T-J engine in December 1979, reflecting newly tightened emissions standards for commercial vehicles in Japan. This model, the TT138V, produces 86 PS (63 kW) at 5600 rpm. Production of the T130 ended in 1982, to be replaced by the T140 series. The T130 was the last Corona to be marketed in the US. It was offered as a sedan, wagon, or liftback with either Base or LE (Luxury Edition) equipment. In North America,
11656-615: The one used in the 2000GT, but the outer rim was wood-grained plastic. It was Toyota's answer to the Isuzu Bellet GT , the Nissan Bluebird SSS and the Prince Skyline 2000GTB . While it used the Corona hardtop coupé body, it was not known as the Corona 1600GT, sharing a naming convention to the larger 2000GT. It inspired future generations of performance-oriented coupes and sports cars offered, to begin with
11780-449: The option of a Bosch 5.3 ABS. The braking system also included Australia's first "Banksia" parking brake (developed by PBR), some 10 to 20 percent lighter and cheaper than conventional systems at the time. The Verada was available as an Ei or Xi model, only available with the 3.5-litre V6 (which produced 147 kW (197 hp) and 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft)) mated to an automatic transmission. Its highest specification again formed
11904-541: The power-assisted rack and pinion mechanism had the same mounting points as the Diamante, the components were manufactured to MMAL's specifications in Australia, by TWR. Suspensions were independent (MacPherson struts) at the front, instead of the multi-link designs of the Diamante, which nevertheless donated its rear multi-link to the Australia sedan (while the wagon adopted a different and more compact design altogether). Brakes included discs all around (front ventilated) with
12028-683: The project started) and the wagon's arrival in 1992, the total investment in the new Magna totalled some A$ 389 million . Though more aerodynamic with a drag coefficient of C d =0.33, the TR series was also some 100 kilograms (220 lb) heavier than the first. The venerable Astron II engine was upgraded to, and only available with, EFI. As a result, the engine outputs now increased to 98 kW (131 hp) at 4750 rpm and 212 N⋅m (156 lb⋅ft) at 3750 rpm on ULP 91 RON petrol, and 102 kW (137 hp) at 4750 rpm and 220 N⋅m (160 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm on PULP 95 RON fuel. Later in 1991, Mitsubishi reintroduced
12152-427: The rear doors and at the bottom right-hand side of the boot. The Magna Sports was available in only four colours: Paris White , Calypso Red , Nautilus Blue (deep blue), and Frontier Green (deep green), the latter two colours being new to the TF series. This new model carried all the standard features of the Executive model on which it was based, plus a deck lid spoiler, red side strip, 16-inch alloy wheels (same as
12276-438: The related engine fitted on the previous Magna. There were also new Australian-made V6 engines with a 3.0-litre capacity (codenamed 6G72 ) for the Magna and a 3.5-litre displacement for the Verada (codenamed 6G74 ). The V6 returned official city and highway fuel consumption figures of 10.5 L/100 km (22 mpg ‑US ) and 6.6 L/100 km (36 mpg ‑US ), respectively. The initial models included
12400-464: The same facelift as seen elsewhere, with a new rearward sloping front. Toyota's engineers also further modified the Holden engine in an effort to increase drivability and reliability, with new gaskets, valves, valve springs, and water pump. Outputs remained the same but the performance did increase marginally thanks to better engine response. The facelifted Corona XX now benefitted from an imported engine,
12524-555: The sole option. The luxury-oriented models—SE and Elite—featured higher equipment: seats were covered in velour trim with the driver's seat being seven-way adjustable (instead of four-way); lumbar support for driver and passenger; rear integrated headrests and folding centre armrest with boot access; map lights and remote boot release; power windows, central locking and alloy wheels (standard on Elite and optional on SE); metallic paint standard (two-tone standard on Elite and single-tone optional on Elite and SE); radio/cassette players (featuring
12648-444: The standard (on some models) Electro Sensor Panel which monitored fluid and bulb status. As with earlier Coronas, some models had a shifter mounted on the steering column. Sales of the Corona continued to grow as a result of the 1973 oil crisis . The two-door hardtop continued, with trim levels 1600GL, 1800SR and the 2000SR, with the coupé proving popular in the US but more popular yet in Japan. The two-door sedan, meanwhile, sold well in
12772-466: The update. Power steering became standard across the range during 1990, as did EFI except for the base GLX. Manual transmission was now available on the Executive. In September 1990, a Grand Tourer model of 1,000 sedans came to the market with bigger wheels, the Elante's tauter suspension set-up and EFI. Grand Tourers were offered in white (500 units), 250 in burgundy, 250 in "Riviera Blue", and also featured
12896-444: The upgrade in dimensions of the Crown, Toyota needed to continue manufacturing a vehicle with similar size dimensions to the first Crown, primarily to be used for taxi usage. This vehicle was also the first Toyota's car with a monocoque chassis structure, and an independent front suspension using double wishbones. Due to the monocoque chassis, Toyota was able to produce a vehicle under 1,000 kg (2,200 lb). This generation of
13020-424: The vibrations inherent in large four-cylinder engines. In the TM series, these engines were carbureted , with Mitsubishi's "ECI Multi" electronic fuel injection (EFI) version launched with the TN series, boosting power to 93 kW (125 hp). Magna was fitted with either a five-speed manual or a four-speed ELC automatic transmission with electronic control and overdrive (a button on the shift lever providing
13144-502: The years, each new series grew in size, and with the second generation of 1991, the range was bolstered by a luxury variant called Mitsubishi Verada and a V6 engine . The Magna/Verada became the first Australian-made vehicle to be exported worldwide in large numbers, predominantly as the Mitsubishi Diamante . The third and final iteration Magna/Verada launched in 1996, adding all-wheel-drive (AWD) from 2002, and receiving
13268-496: Was a development of the Astron engine (codenamed 4G52 ) fitted to Sigma. It initially produced 85 kW (114 hp) at 5000 rpm and 198 N⋅m (146 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm. Astron II was an eight-valve single overhead cam (SOHC) design with advanced features for the time, such as hydraulic mounts and "Silent Shaft" counterbalancing technology, designed and licensed to other automakers by Mitsubishi Motors to reduce
13392-469: Was a mere 110 km/h (68 mph). In March 1961, Toyota introduced a more powerful 1.5-litre "R" series motor, the same motor from the Crown, and an even larger 1.9-litre engine was added in 1964. Fortunately for Toyota, the problems with the Crown were not seen on the Tiara as the lighter body (180 kg or 400 lb less than the Crown) made the R series engine more sufficient. The Tiara station wagon
13516-457: Was again distinguished by more luxurious fittings and longer front and rear bumper bars to meet US safety standards . Inside, unlike the Verada, Magna's cabin was dominated by dark grey trim that, along with the high waistline, caused some criticisms about a claustrophobic "bunker" effect. The Magna's powerplants included, for the first time, a Japanese-imported 2.4-litre four-cylinder (codenamed 4G64-S4 ) with 90 percent new parts relative to
13640-447: Was also available, as were two- or three-speed "Toyoglide" automatic transmissions, with the three-speed available with a floor-mounted shifter. Later on a five-speed manual was also made available in the sportier versions. The Corona was redesigned in August 1971, with the low-mounted wraparound turn signals removed and a new grille. Another, milder yet restyle appeared in August 1972, including new grilles and hubcaps. The Hardtop gained
13764-417: Was available in a wide range of body styles across various markets including a four-door sedan , two-door hardtop coupe , four-door wagon and new five-door liftback , which featured a 40:60 split fold rear seat. The assignment of "T130" to all Corona body styles signified a new approach from having different series number identifiers for the various body styles. This was also the first Corona to be sold as
13888-469: Was badged 1700SE. Australian RT81s used the 1.6-litre OHV engine and four-speed manual. Local content was much higher than the NZ cars with local instruments and heater which meant, surprisingly for the climate, there were no centre air vents. The facelift AMI assembled model with the revised grille was released in November 1972, lasting to March 1974. A modified Corona was shown at the 1970 Tokyo Motor Show as
14012-520: Was called a "compact" car at that time. Much smaller than any standard contemporary full-size cars, it was called a compact to distinguish it from the small imported cars that were being introduced into the marketplace. By the early 1960s, the car was renamed the Rambler Classic and while it retained its basic dimensions, it was now competing with an array of new "intermediate" models from General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler. The introduction of
14136-431: Was capable of traveling at 105 km/h (65 mph), 15 km/h (9 mph) higher than the old S-engined model. The car also underwent another facelift, including a mesh grille and a new rear seat which allowed seating for five rather than the previous four. As regulations regarding taxis at the time required engines no larger than 910 cc (56 cu in), dealers restricted the power for taxi vehicles. Due to
14260-416: Was codenamed 6G72 and marketed as Cyclone . Its outputs ranged from 120 kW (160 hp) at 5500 rpm and 235 N⋅m (173 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm on ULP 91, to 124 kW (166 hp) at 5500 rpm and 244 N⋅m (180 lb⋅ft) at 3000 rpm on PULP. The automatic transmissions used by both four- and six-cylinder models was marketed INVECS . While Australia continued to endure
14384-478: Was designated TR and carried over its powertrain from the previous generation. Unlike the first generation whose wide-body was designed and engineered in Australia, this second generation inherited the already wide-body Japanese Mitsubishi Sigma platform on which it was based, were created by splicing an extra 66 millimetres (2.6 in) down the middle of the platform of the sixth-generation Mitsubishi Galant , released in 1987. MMAL estimated that, between 1989 (when
14508-470: Was fitted with the old sidevalve "S" engine, with 33 PS (24 kW). In April 1958 the Corona underwent a light facelift, with a new bonnet ornament and door handles. The tail light design of this generation is reminiscent of the 1949 Ford sedan. The 997 cc (60.8 cu in) OHV P series engine replaced the old S in October 1959, and offered substantially more power with 45 PS (33 kW) at 5,000 rpm. The P-engined Corona sedan
14632-409: Was introduced September 1964, one month before the 1964 Summer Olympics . It was available in sedan , two-door hardtop , three-door van, five-door station wagon (also as a van), two coupé utility variants and a five-door hatchback . The 40–43 series were reserved for sedans, while commercial vehicles (and wagons) were in the 46 and 47 series. Hardtops received 50–55 series model codes, while 56
14756-668: Was made available late production in the TE/KE production and Atlantis Blue (dark sapphire blue pearl) was unique to the Verada. The TE and KE series were the most aerodynamic car produced ever in Australia even compared to the VF Commodore or FG X Falcon, with an amazing drag coefficient of C d =0.28. This achievement was due to a sweeping roofline (which, however, compromised rear headroom) and such things as "flag" external rear-view mirrors, fixed to independent door posts instead of being more traditionally mounted directly on
14880-470: Was officially rated at 11.0 L/100 km (21.4 mpg ‑US ) in city driving and 7.8 L/100 km (30 mpg ‑US ) in highway driving. The widening approach proved successful for the Australian market, making the Magna a strong competitor against all original competitors envisaged by MMAL, being the Toyota Corona , Holden Camira , Nissan Bluebird , Ford Telstar , plus
15004-532: Was reserved for the five-door hatchback. The 1965 model marked a return of Toyota to the American market after withdrawing there temporarily in 1961. Toyota conducted a public demonstration of the new Corona's performance on the Meishin Expressway , where the new model was tested to 100,000 kilometres (62,137.1 mi), and was able to sustain speeds of 140 km/h (87 mph). Toyota released
15128-408: Was seemingly aimed at women, with many of the original brochures featuring only women in a dinner dress as well as playing golf. Nevertheless, it sold better than the Crown and had a lot fewer mechanical problems. The Tiara ended up being the only sedan sold by Toyota in the US until the reworked second-generation Crown appeared. By that time, the Tiara had been redesigned and given the Corona label from
15252-678: Was the first Toyota assembled in New Zealand, from February 1967 at Steel Brothers' Motor Assemblies in Christchurch. It was also built by Shinjin Motor in South Korea from 1966 until 1972. Shinjin Motor was a predecessor to Daewoo and soon switched to assembling General Motors products. The Corona was also assembled by Australian Motor Industries in Melbourne, with the 12R engine . South African assemblies commenced in 1966, with
15376-451: Was used in the 2000SL and 2000SR discontinued production due to emission issues. In November 1975, the 1800 saw the removal of the twin carburetors due to emission regulations, which meant the discontinuation of the 1800SR coupé. June 1976 saw the installation of a catalyst system included with the TTC-C system. January 1977 saw a minor appearance change to both the interior and exterior, with
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