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45-469: The city's name derives from the West Slavic-language personal name Bezprem or Bezprym ( Proto-Slavic Bezprěmъ ) which translates literally to "stubborn", "self-confident, not willing to retreat". Besprem (before 1002), Vezprem (1086), Bezpremensis (1109). The form Vezprem originates in early medieval scribal habits and frequent exchange of B and V under the influence of

90-767: A bit of eastern Lithuania . In addition, there are several language islands such as the Sorbian areas in Lusatia in Germany , and Slovak areas in Hungary and elsewhere. West Slavic is usually divided into three subgroups— Czech–Slovak , Lechitic and Sorbian —based on similarity and degree of mutual intelligibility . The groupings are as follows: Polish Kashubian Slovincian † Polabian † Lower Sorbian Upper Sorbian Czech Slovak The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology classifies

135-461: A castle already stood here when the Hungarians first occupied the area. The castle was probably a 9th-century Frankish fortress. The castles of Veszprém, Esztergom and Székesfehérvár , were the earliest Hungarian stone castles, which had already been built during the reign of High Prince Géza , a time when motte castles were much more common. Veszprém had an important religious role during

180-656: A defensive region, Vienna's defense was commanded by General Rudolf von Bünau , with the II SS Panzer Corps units under the command of SS General Wilhelm Bittrich . The battle for the Austrian capital was characterized in some cases by fierce urban combat , but there were also parts of the city the Soviets advanced into with little opposition. Defending in the Prater Park was the 6th Panzer Division, along

225-497: A group from the other Slavic languages' (Sussex & Cubberley 2006). Czech and Slovak are more closely related to each other than to the other West Slavic languages, and also closer to each other than Polish and Sorbian are. Czecho-Slovak (Slovak in particular) shares certain features with other Slavic languages, such as Slovene and BCMS . Some distinctive features of the West Slavic languages, as from when they split from

270-544: A historical German minority numbering 2.4% of the population. The second largest ethnic group is the Roma with 0.7%. The others are all marginal. The religious affiliation of the citizens has a Catholic majority with 38.9% Roman Catholic and 0.3% Greek Catholic . The Calvinists (7.0%) have the second, the Lutherans (2.1%) the third largest denomination in the city. 20.6% are not religious. The current mayor of Veszprém

315-665: A university —students studied law and arts here for several centuries. The university was destroyed by fire in 1276, when Peter I Csák invaded and devastated the Diocese of Veszprém . Veszprém became a university town again in the 20th century. The town was taken over by the Ottoman Turks during the Hungarian–Ottoman Wars in 1552, but was lost to the Habsburgs in 1566. The Ottomans once again successfully besieged

360-408: Is Gyula Porga ( Fidesz-KDNP ). The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2019 local government elections , is made up of 18 members (1 Mayor, 12 Individual constituencies MEPs and 5 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances: The city's public transportation consists exclusively of buses, which are run by the city-funded company V-Busz. 30 bus lines run throughout

405-573: The Reichsbrücke Bridge. In a coup de main on 13 April, the Danube Flotilla landed troops of the 80th Guards Rifle Division and 7th Guards Airborne Division on both sides of the bridge, cutting demolition cables and securing the bridge. However, other important bridges were destroyed. Vienna finally fell when the last defenders in the city surrendered on the same day. Bittrich's II SS Panzer Corps, however, pulled out to

450-616: The East Slavic and South Slavic branches around the 3rd to 6th centuries AD (alternatively, between the 6th and 10th centuries ), are as follows: Although influences from other language families have contributed a lot of loanwords , and to a lesser extent to verb morphology and syntax, the Slavic languages retained a distinctly Slavic character, with clear roots in Indo-European. The West Slavic languages are all written in

495-625: The Greek language . The city can be reached via the M7 highway and Road 8. It can also be reached from Győr via Road 82 and from Székesfehérvár via Road 8. According to a local legend , Veszprém was founded on seven hills. The seven hills are Várhegy (Castle Hill), Benedek-hegy (St. Benedict Hill), Jeruzsálem-hegy (Jerusalem Hill), Temetőhegy (Cemetery Hill), Gulyadomb (Herd Hill), Kálvária-domb (Calvary Hill), and Cserhát. Anonymus Belæ Regis Notarius (the anonymous notary of King Béla III ) wrote that

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540-634: The Latin script , while the East Slavic branch uses Cyrillic and the South Slavic branch is mixed. The early Slavic expansion reached Central Europe in c. the 7th century, and the West Slavic dialects diverged from Common Slavic over the following centuries. West Slavic polities of the 9th century include the Principality of Nitra and Great Moravia . The West Slavic tribes settled on

585-741: The Soviet 9th Guards Army , and the Soviet 46th Army . The " O-5 Resistance Group ," Austrians led by Carl Szokoll , wanting to spare Vienna destruction, actively attempted to sabotage the German defenses and to aid the entry of the Red Army. The only major German force facing the Soviet attackers was the German II SS Panzer Corps of the 6th SS Panzer Army, along with ad hoc forces made up of garrison and anti-aircraft units. Declared

630-587: The Western Allies prior to April 1945 concerning the relative postwar political influence of each party in much of Eastern and Central Europe; however, these agreements said virtually nothing about the fate of Austria, then officially considered to be merely the Ostmark area of Greater Germany after the Anschluss . As a result, the success of a Soviet offensive against Austria and subsequent occupation by

675-411: The 10th, all but two of the bridges in the city had been destroyed. The Floridsdorf bridge had been left intact by a Führer Order dictating that the bridge be held at all costs. The 2nd SS Panzer "Das Reich" left a dozen artillery pieces including 37mm anti-aircraft guns to hold off enemy attacks. That night, the "Das Reich", including their last remaining three dozen armored vehicles, pulled out of

720-661: The American power supply security company CoreComm , the German sensor manufacturer Balluff , the German automotive spare parts manufacturer Jost , the German health devices manufacturer Beurer , the British-Dutch food producer Unilever and the Hungarian dairy product manufacturer Pannontej operate production plants in the city. The Dutch General Logistics Systems , the Hungarian Magyar Posta ,

765-458: The Austrian tile manufacturer Bramac , the French automotive spare parts manufacturer Valeo , the German electromagnetical controlsystems manufacturer nass magnet , the German automotive spare parts manufacturer Continental AG , the German automotive spare parts manufacturer Thun , the German sensor manufacturer Pepperl+Fuchs , the Austrian chimney and ventilation system manufacturer Schiedel ,

810-540: The Danube River, the 46th Army pushed westward through Vienna's northern suburbs. Central Vienna was now cut off from the rest of Austria. By the 9th of April, the Soviet troops began to infiltrate the center of the city, but the street fighting continued for several more days. On the night of 11 April, the 4th Guards Army stormed the Danube canals, with the 20th Guards Rifle Corps and 1st Mechanized Corps moving on

855-658: The Front crossed also the Nitra river and quickly rushed across the Danubian Lowland towards Bratislava. Having secured his right wing by 2nd Ukrainian Front, Tolbukhin was now ready to advance into Austria and take Vienna. Romanian troops, that were on the Allied side since King Michael's Coup , also took part in the offensive. On 2 April, Vienna Radio denied that the Austrian capital had been declared an open city . On

900-663: The German Penny Market , the Hungarian Locargo and the Austrian Persped have logistics centres there. The Hungarian owned Vöröskő electrical retailer (holder of the brand Euronics in Hungary) is also based in the city. The Veszprém Aréna provides place besides sport events for exhibitions and conferences. According to the 2011 census beside the 83.9% Hungarian majority the city has

945-421: The Hungarian label manufacturer Imprenta , the Hungarian tool manufacturer Solidsteel , the Hungarian technical ceramics manufacturer Bakony Ipari Kerámia , the Hungarian furniture manufacturer Balaton Bútor , the Hungarian machine manufacturer Flexmont , the Hungarian watermanagement company PureAqua , the Hungarian automotive spare parts manufacturer Win-Pres , the Hungarian construction company VEMÉVSZER ,

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990-713: The Hungarian metal manufacturer Ferro-Trio , the Hungarian OOK Printhouse , the Hungarian toolmanufacturer Plasticor , the Hungarian machine manufacturer Transmoduls , the Hungarian Prospektus Printhouse have both their headquarters and main production facilities in Veszprém. The French pharmaceutical company Citoxlab , the Austrian plaster manufacturer Lasselsberger-Knauf , the Swiss electric motor manufacturer Maxon Motor ,

1035-515: The Red Army of a large part of the country would have been very beneficial for subsequent postwar negotiations with the Western Allies. After the failure of Operation Spring Awakening ( Unternehmen Frühlingserwachen ), Sepp Dietrich 's 6th SS Panzer Army retreated in stages to the Vienna area. The Germans desperately prepared defensive positions in an attempt to guard the city against

1080-1036: The Soviet Southern Group of Forces and the Transcaucasian Military District until his death in 1949. Austrian politician Karl Renner set up a Provisional Government in Vienna sometime in April with the tacit approval of the victorious Soviet forces, and declared Austria's secession from the Third Reich . On 30 April, the following order of battle was recorded by the German Army High Command ( Oberkommando der Wehrmacht , or OKW ). From 20 April-2 May, OKW moved from Zossen (near Berlin) to Mürwik (part of Flensburg in north Germany , near Denmark ). This order of battle shows what remained "on paper" of

1125-500: The Soviet 46th Army. The 26th Army and 27th Armies advanced towards the area north of Graz just behind the retreating 6th Army. The 57th Army and the Bulgarian 1st Army advanced towards the area south of Graz (near Maribor ) just behind the retreating 2nd Panzer Army . None of these German armies were in any shape to do more than temporarily stall the advancing Soviet forces. Some of Vienna's finest buildings lay in ruins after

1170-399: The Soviets then moved into the western suburbs of the city on 8 April with the 6th Guards Tank Army and the bulk of the 9th Guards Army. The western suburbs were especially important to the Soviets because they included Vienna's main railway station . The Soviet success in the western suburbs was followed quickly by infiltration of the eastern and northern suburbs later the same day. North of

1215-543: The West Slavic languages within their Glottolog database as follows: Czech Slovak Polish Silesian Kashubian Polabian † Lower Sorbian Upper Sorbian Some linguists include Upper and Lower Sorbian in the Lechitic branch, but other linguists regard it as a separate branch. The reason for this is that 'the Sorbian dialects are extremely diverse, and there are virtually no linguistic features common to all Sorbian dialects which distinguish them as

1260-448: The battle. There was no water, electricity, or gas — and bands of people, both foreigners and Austrians, plundered and assaulted the helpless residents in the absence of a police force. While the Soviet assault forces generally behaved well, the second wave of Soviet troops to arrive in the city were reportedly badly undisciplined. A large number of lootings and cases of rape took place in a several-week long violence that has been compared to

1305-477: The city for the last time. Vienna had fallen, and the Germans now moved northwest to hold the next defensive line. By 15 April, armies of the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front pushed even further into Austria. The completely exhausted remnants of what had been the 6th SS Panzer Army were forced to flee to the area between Vienna and Linz. In pursuit of the retreating Germans were elements of the Soviet 9th Guards Army and

1350-537: The city under colonel Constantin Neagu and major Alexander Totescu. During World War II , Veszprém was captured by Soviet troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front on 23 March 1945, in the course of the Vienna Offensive . The Hungarian automotive plastic spare parts manufacturer Videoton Plastic (part of Videoton ), the Hungarian kiosk manufacturer Kiosksystems , the Hungarian shutter manufacturer Roll-Lux ,

1395-454: The city, including lines 44 and 45 which are night buses. All buses are easily recognizable even from a distance due to their purple livery. Tickets can be purchased on the buses, from ticket machines across the city and at bus stations from the ticket desks. V-Busz took over the city's public transportation in 2018 from the regional, state-funded bus company (ÉNYKK) due to a lack of funding and an old rolling stock of buses, some of which were from

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1440-645: The domination of the Holy Roman Empire and were strongly Germanized . The Bohemians established the Duchy of Bohemia in the 9th century, which was incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire in the early 11th century. At the end of the 12th century the duchy was raised to the status of kingdom , which was legally recognized in 1212 in the Golden Bull of Sicily . Lusatia , the homeland of

1485-721: The eastern fringes of the Carolingian Empire , along the Limes Saxoniae . The Obotrites were given territories by Charlemagne in exchange for their support in his war against the Saxons . In the high medieval period, the West Slavic tribes were again pushed to the east by the incipient German Ostsiedlung , decisively so following the Wendish Crusade in the 11th century. The Sorbs and other Polabian Slavs like Obodrites and Veleti came under

1530-568: The mid 80s. Veszprém is twinned with: West Slavic languages The West Slavic languages are a subdivision of the Slavic language group . They include Polish , Czech , Slovak , Kashubian , Silesian , Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian . The languages have traditionally been spoken across a mostly continuous region encompassing the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Poland , the westernmost regions of Ukraine and Belarus , and

1575-528: The rapidly arriving Soviets. In the spring of 1945, the advance of Soviet Marshal Fyodor Tolbukhin 's 3rd Ukrainian Front through western Hungary gathered momentum on both sides of the Danube. After they took Sopron and Nagykanizsa , they crossed the border between Hungary and Austria. On 25 March, the 2nd Ukrainian Front launched the Bratislava–Brno offensive by crossing the Hron river. On 30 March

1620-532: The remaining Sorbs, became a crown land of Bohemia in the 11th century, and Silesia followed suit in 1335. The Slovaks , on the other hand, never became part of the Holy Roman Empire, being incorporated into the Kingdom of Hungary . Hungary fell under Habsburg rule alongside Austria and Bohemia in the 16th century, thus uniting the Bohemians, Moravians, Slovaks, and Silesians under a single ruler. While Lusatia

1665-415: The same day, Soviet troops approached Vienna from the south after they overran Wiener Neustadt , Eisenstadt , Neunkirchen and Gloggnitz . Baden and Bratislava were overrun on 4 April. After arriving in the Vienna area, the armies of the Soviet 3rd Ukrainian Front surrounded, besieged, and attacked the city. Involved in this action were the Soviet 4th Guards Army , the Soviet 6th Guards Tank Army ,

1710-462: The south side of the city were the 2nd and 3rd SS Panzer Divisions, and in the north was the Führer -Grenadier Division. The Soviets assaulted Vienna's eastern and southern suburbs with the 4th Guards Army and part of the 9th Guards Army. The German defenders kept the Soviets out of the city's southern suburbs until 7 April. However, after successfully achieving several footholds in the southern suburbs,

1755-493: The struggle to make Christianity the official religion of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary — Stephen I , Grand Prince of the Hungarians , was crowned King in 1000 or 1001, and defeated the armies of his chief opponent, Koppány , near Veszprém. The city became the first episcopal seat of Hungary in 1009 and an archiepiscopal seat in 1993. Comitatus Veszprém was one of the earliest historical counties of Hungary. Veszprém

1800-689: The town in 1593 during the Long Turkish War . The castle was demolished in 1706. Until 1918, VESZPRIM (also named WESZPRIM and WESPRIM near 1850, and WEISSBRUNN in German) was part of the Austrian monarchy /Austria-Hungary, Kingdom of Hungary; in Transleithania after the compromise of 1867 in the Kingdom of Hungary . Between 16 August and 4 October 1919, Romanian troops occupied

1845-465: The west on the evening of 13 April to avoid encirclement. The same day, the 46th Army took Essling and the Danube Flotilla landed naval infantry up the river by Klosterneuburg . While the street fighting was still intensifying in the southern and western suburbs of Vienna on 8 April, other troops of the 3rd Ukrainian Front by-passed Vienna altogether and advanced on Linz and Graz . On

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1890-608: The worst aspects of the Thirty Years War . Like Bittrich, General von Bünau left Vienna before it fell to avoid capture by the Soviets. From 16 April until the war's end, he led Generalkommando von Bünau , surrendering to the Americans on VE Day . Von Bünau was held as a POW until April 1947. Bittrich also surrendered to U.S. forces and was held as a prisoner by the Allies until 1954. Fyodor Tolbukhin went on to command

1935-481: Was an offensive launched by the Soviet 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts in order to capture Vienna , Austria , during World War II . The offensive lasted from 16 March to 15 April 1945. After several days of street-to-street fighting, the Soviet troops captured the city. Vienna had been bombarded continuously for the year before the arrival of Soviet troops, and many buildings and facilities had been damaged and destroyed. Joseph Stalin reached an agreement with

1980-534: Was lost to Saxony in 1635 and most of Silesia was lost to Prussia in 1740, the remaining West Slavic Habsburg dominions remained part of the Austrian Empire and then Austria-Hungary , and after that remained united until 1992 in the form of Czechoslovakia . Over the past century, there have been efforts by some to standardize and to recognize Silesian , Lachian , and Moravian as separate languages . Vienna Offensive The Vienna offensive

2025-491: Was the favorite city of Queen Gisela , the wife of Stephen I. For centuries, the queens of Hungary were crowned by the bishop of Veszprém . The city is still often called "the city of queens". In the year 1294 Queen Fenenna confirmed that, at that time, the former Queen Elizabeth had the privilege to collect the donations of the church in the Veszprém County . Veszprém was among the first Hungarian cities to have

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