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22-451: Vicelinus was born in Hamelin around 1086. Orphaned at an early age, he was raised by his uncle Ludolf, a priest in a neighboring village. He left for Paderborn , where he enjoyed the home and instructions of Hartmann, and soon surpassed his companions and assisted in the management of the cathedral school. Vicelinus was called to Bremen to act as teacher and principal of the school, and

44-538: A medieval story that tells of a tragedy that befell the town in the 13th century. The version written by the Brothers Grimm made it popular throughout the world. It is also the subject of well-known poems by Johann von Goethe and Robert Browning . Every Sunday in summer, the tale is performed by actors in the town centre. Hamelin is twinned with: The Deister- und Weserzeitung  [ de ] , known as DeWeZet , publishes out of Hameln. Hamelin

66-588: A rare event in the Thirty Years' War, which besides Oldendorf only occurred in the Second Battle of Breitenfeld . The left wing of the Swedish forces was commanded by the general of Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel and later imperial field marshal Peter Melander . Subsequently, field marshal Torsten Stålhandske led a Swedish brigade. The later field marshal Gottfried Huyn von Geleen participated in

88-547: A second canonry at Segeberg. Some years later Vicelinus established a house at Hogersdorf . In Harsefeld Hamburg-Bremen's Archbishop Hartwig I made him Bishop of Starigard (or Aldinborg by the Saxons, today's Oldenburg) in 1149. There he did much for the spiritual and temporal welfare of his diocese. In 1152 he was struck by paralysis and lingered amid much suffering for two years before dying in Neumünster. After in 1330

110-523: Is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony , Germany. It is the capital of the district of Hamelin-Pyrmont and has a population of roughly 57,000. Hamelin is best known for the tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin . Hamelin started with a monastery, which was founded as early as 851 AD; its surrounding village became a town by the 12th century. The incident involving the "Pied Piper" (see below)

132-758: Is said to have occurred in 1284 and may be based on a true event, although somewhat different from the traditional tale. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Hamelin was a minor member of the Hanseatic League . In June 1634, during the Thirty Years' War , Lothar Dietrich, Freiherr of Bönninghausen, a general in the Imperial Army , lost the Battle of Oldendorf to the Swedish General Kniphausen , after Hamelin had been besieged by

154-780: The Nazi regime held the Reich Harvest Thanksgiving Festival at the nearby Bückeberg hill, to celebrate the achievements of Germany's farmers. During World War II , Hamelin Prison was used for the detention of Social Democrats , Communists , and other political prisoners . Around 200 died there, and more died in April 1945, when the Nazis sent the prisoners on long marches, fearing the Allied advance. Just after

176-658: The Peace of Prague . These plans failed, and personal quarrels led him to leave service in 1640 and to re-enter it as the Imperial commander of Westphalia in 1645. The Peace of Prague reconciled many Protestant states with the Holy Roman Emperor, most notably the Electorate of Saxony . As a consequence, Sweden's and Hesse-Kassel's forces stood alone against a growing anti-Swedish, pro- Habsburg coalition in 1635 -

198-674: The Polabian Slavs , and in the fall of 1126 Henry , Prince of the Obotrites , gave him a church in Liubice , near the site of the later Lübeck . At the death of Henry (22 March 1127) Vicelinus returned to Bremen, and was appointed pastor at Wippenthorp . This gave him an opportunity to work among the Wagrians and neighbouring Obotrites. Vicelinus's preaching gathered crowds of eager listeners, and many priests aided him in founding

220-614: The Am Wehl Cemetery in Hameln. In March 1954, German authorities began exhuming the 91 bodies from the prison yard, which were reburied in individual graves in consecrated ground in Am Wehl Cemetery. The coat of arms (German: Wappen ) of Hamelin depicts the Münster St. Bonifatius, the oldest church in the city. The town is famous for the folk tale of the Pied Piper of Hamelin ( German : Der Rattenfänger von Hameln ),

242-570: The Augustine canon-law college moved to Bordesholm his body was transferred there too in 1332, and buried before the main altar . In 1874 the small Catholic parish at Hamelin had his picture engraved on a new bell . He is usually represented with a church resting on his left arm; his feast is celebrated on 12 December. Hamelin Hamelin ( / ˈ h æ m əl ɪ n / HAM -(ə-)lin ; German : Hameln [ˈhaːml̩n] )

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264-468: The Swedish army. The era of the town's greatest prosperity began in 1664, when Hamelin became a fortified border town of the Principality of Calenberg . In 1705, it became part of the newly created Electorate of Hanover when George Louis, Prince of Calenberg , later King George I of Great Britain , inherited the Principality of Lüneburg . Hamelin was surrounded by four fortresses, which gave it

286-554: The battle on the imperial side. Gronsfeld was captured after his wing was routed by Melander, leaving over 3,000 dead and wounded and 1,000 prisoner. The Swedes lost 700 soldiers. The Swedish victory in Oldendorf and the subsequent victory in the Battle of Pfaffenhofen on 11 August balanced their defeat in the Battle of Steinau on 10 October. Overall, Swedish and Imperial forces were "on even terms" in 1633. This only changed in

308-538: The following year. While the Swedish forces won the Battle of Liegnitz on 8 May and the Battle of Landshut on 22 July, their defeat in the Battle of Nördlingen on 6 September 1634 brought about a change in the balance of power. Melander, the Swedish commander at Oldendorf, intrigued with the Holy Roman Emperor in 1635 to merge Hesse-Kassel's forces into the Imperial army and have Hesse-Kassel sign

330-935: The imperial presence there. The imperial defense of the Weser area in 1633 was led by Jost Maximilian von Bronckhorst-Gronsfeld . The battle was preceded by a Swedish siege of the nearby imperial-held town of Hameln , laid in March 1633 with support of Hessian and Lüneburgian troops. On 8 July, the Swedish army commanded by George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Marshal Dodo zu Innhausen und Knyphausen faced an Imperial relief army commanded by Field Marshal Jobst Maximilian von Gronsfeld, Count Jean de Merode and Lothar Dietrich Freiherr von Bönninghausen . Merode commanded 4,450 infantrymen and 1,245 cavalry troops, Bonninghausen 4,475 infantry and 2,060 cavalry, Gronsfeld 2,000 infantry and 600 cavalry. The armies met near Hessisch-Oldendorf, northwest of Hameln. Both armies attacked,

352-461: The new monastery ( Latin : novum monasterium ) in 1127, which became eponymous for Wippenthorp as Neumünster . This monastery of Canons Regular followed the Rule of St. Augustine , and was liberally endowed by the archbishop. Wars among the tribes in 1137 caused the missionaries to abandon their labours for two years. Vicelinus sent two priests to Liubice, but with little success. In 1134 he founded

374-614: The nickname "Gibraltar of the North", and was the most heavily fortified town in the Electorate of Hanover. The first fort (Fort George) was built between 1760 and 1763, the second (Fort Wilhelm) in 1774, a third in 1784, and the last, called Fort Luise, was built in 1806. In 1806, Hamelin surrendered without a fight to the French forces, after Napoleon 's victory at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt . Napoleon's forces subsequently pulled down

396-683: The town's historic walls, the guard towers, and the three fortresses at the other side of the river Weser. In 1843, the people of Hamelin built a sightseeing tower on the Klüt Hill out of the ruins of Fort George. The tower is called the Klütturm and is a popular sight for tourists. In 1867 Hamelin became part of the Kingdom of Prussia , which annexed Hanover in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. Between 1933 and 1937,

418-516: The war, Hamelin prison was used by British Occupation Forces for the detention of Germans accused of war crimes. Following their conviction, around 200 were hanged there, including Irma Grese and Josef Kramer , along with over a dozen of the perpetrators of the Stalag Luft III murders . The prison has since been turned into a hotel. Executed war criminals were interred in the prison yard until it became full, and further burials took place at

440-739: Was fought as part of the Thirty Years' War between the Swedish Empire with its Protestant German allies and the Holy Roman Empire near Hessisch-Oldendorf , Lower Saxony , Germany . The result was a decisive victory for the Swedish Army and its allies. The Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel , William V , as a Protestant ally of Sweden had campaigned in Westphalia , Ruhr area and the Sauerland , successfully reducing

462-582: Was home to several Royal Engineer units, including 35 Engineer Regiment and 28 Amphibious Engineer Regiment until summer 2014, with many of the British families housed at Hastenbeck (Schlehenbusch) and Afferde. It was also home to the Royal Corps of Transport unit of 26 Bridging Regiment RCT, comprising 35 Sqn RCT and 40 Sqn RCT, until 1971. Battle of Oldendorf The Battle of Oldendorf ( German : Schlacht bei Hessisch-Oldendorf ) on 8 July 1633

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484-672: Was offered a canonry by Archbishop Frederick of the Archbishopric of Hamburg-Bremen . In 1122 he may have gone to Laon to complete his studies under Abelard . In 1126, Vicelinus decided to travel to Magdeburg, in order to see Norbert of Xanten , who at that time was the archbishop. He hoped that Norbert would ordain him a priest and he could begin missionary work among the Slavs. For one reason or another this plan failed and so Vicelinus returned to Bremen, where Bishop Albero ordained him. Hamburg-Bremen's Archbishop Adalbero sent him among

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