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74-726: Ralph Schoenman acted both as Director of the Vietnam Solidarity Campaign and as executive director of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation . Marxist activists including Tariq Ali , Ernie Tate , Al Richardson , David Horowitz , John La Rose and Pat Jordan also played a key role. Members of the International Socialists participated in the foundation of the VSC, but for the first year of its existence its presence

148-635: A Church of England establishment; he was from a poor family (although Christ's Hospital is a charity school); he was slight of stature; he was utterly indifferent to sport; he adopted a Marxist stance, hanging the Red Flag from a school window to celebrate the Labour victory in 1945. In the local streets, the school's conspicuous uniform, including a blue coat, knee breeches and yellow socks, attracted unwanted attention. Levin's biographer Bel Mooney writes of this period, "Jeers put iron in his soul". Among

222-443: A book, Conducted Tour (1982) on the same subject. By the time it was published he and Stassinopoulos were no longer together. At the age of 30, she remained deeply in love with him but longed to have children; Levin never wanted to marry or be a father. She concluded that she must break away, and moved to New York in 1980. In later years, Liz Anderson (Elisabeth Anderson) was Bernard Levin's partner. Like Arianna Stassinopoulos, she

296-513: A candle on the appropriate days, as did my mother, though for her it was not really a religious sign. My uncles were quite secular ... and had hardly anything to do with the religion of their father and grandfathers". In The Guardian after Levin's death, Quentin Crewe wrote, "His illiterate grandparents' stories about life in Russia must have instilled in him the passionate belief in the freedom of

370-493: A complex world. It is my profound and unwavering contempt for the Conservative Party". Levin never published an autobiography , but his book Enthusiasms , published in 1983, consists of chapters on his principal pleasures: books, pictures, cities, walking, Shakespeare, music, food and drink, and spiritual mystery. The book is dedicated "To Arianna, with much more than enthusiasm" – they remained loving friends for

444-413: A desk in the anteroom to the editor's office, a location that kept him closely in touch with the daily affairs of the paper. It also gave him ready access to the editor, William Rees Mogg , with whom he developed a good friendship. Levin's brief was to write two columns a week (later three) on any subject that he wished. His range was prodigious; he published nine volumes of his selected journalism of which

518-445: A job on the weekly periodical Truth . The paper had recently been taken over by the liberal publisher Ronald Staples who together with his new editor Vincent Evans was determined to cleanse it of its previous right-wing racist reputation. Levin's noticeably Jewish surname, together with such skills as he had acquired in shorthand and typing, gained him immediate acceptance. He was offered the post of "general editorial dogsbody, which

592-454: A newspaper – 1,667 words. He was proud of this, and affected to be outraged when "some bugger in India wrote a sentence very considerably longer". He maintained that he could construct impromptu a sentence of up to 40 subordinate clauses "and many a native of these islands, speaking English as to the manner born, has followed me trustingly into the labyrinth only to perish miserably trying to find

666-477: A point with investigations and they have an ax to grind". Schoenman denied the allegations that fees or censorship had been requested, while noting that the networks would pay to acquire footage from others, as ABC had done to obtain film from one of the tribunal's cameramen. After making these visits, Schoenman argued in a hearing of the tribunal that the U.S. had committed genocide in Vietnam. He argued, "It

740-562: A poor Jewish family in London, he won a scholarship to the independent school Christ's Hospital and went on to the London School of Economics , graduating in 1952. After a short spell in a lowly job at the BBC selecting press cuttings for use in programmes, he secured a post as a junior member of the editorial staff of a weekly periodical, Truth , in 1953. Levin reviewed television for

814-777: A public statement in that he had no contact with Schoenman and was unaware of his activities. Russell approved a vote to remove Schoenman from the board of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation. Schoenman then founded the National Committee for a Citizens Commission of Inquiry on U.S. war crimes in Vietnam to document US war crimes in Vietnam. The Commission of Inquiry travelled around the US conducting hearings on alleged atrocities in Vietnam. Later, Schoenman settled in Princeton, New Jersey , and

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888-462: A secret meeting of more than 20 senior judges to see whether Levin could be prosecuted for criminal libel; there was no prosecution, and his accusations about Goddard's vindictiveness, deceit and bias have relatively recently been claimed to have been justified. In 1959, Gilmour, while remaining as proprietor, stepped down as editor and was succeeded by his deputy, Brian Inglis ; Levin took over from Inglis as assistant editor. Later in that year, after

962-473: A sketch entitled "Bernard Levin and Jonathan Miller Talk Bollocks". By now, Levin's political views were moving to the right, and he was no longer writing so much against the grain of his newspaper. He had come to admire Margaret Thatcher , though not the rest of her party: "But there is one, and only one, political position that, through all the years and all my changing views and feelings, has never altered, never come into question, never seemed too simple for

1036-559: A solution for the Sino-Indian border conflict , after China declared a ceasefire the previous year. For visiting communist China, the U.S. embassy in London put him under a travel restriction, stamping his passport as only valid to return to the U.S. Schoenman was an organizer and member of the Russell Tribunal , an International War Crimes Tribunal which visited North Vietnam and Cambodia in 1966-1967. In addition to

1110-518: A sword-swallowing unicyclist, and a bag lady in Central Park ). He wrote books based on each of the three series, published in 1985, 1987 and 1989 respectively. Levin began to have difficulty with his balance as early as 1988, although Alzheimer's disease was not diagnosed until the early 1990s. From September 1995, his Times column appeared once weekly instead of twice, and in January 1997

1184-524: A theatre. 'I was watching a farce, from the front row of the stalls, with a glass of champagne in my hand.' Levin made no pretence of even-handedness. There were politicians he liked and politicians he did not like. For those in the latter category, "Taper's lacerations wounded". He invented unflattering nicknames; he wrote later, "I did not (though I wish I had) think of calling Sir Hartley Shawcross Sir Shortly Floorcross, but I did call Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller Sir Reginald Bullying-Manner". When

1258-564: A week. On returning to the paper in October 1982, he began his column with the words, "And another thing". This mirrored his opening gambit when publication of The Times resumed in 1979 after a printers' strike lasting nearly a year: his first column then had begun with the word "Moreover". By the 1980s, Levin was sufficiently well known to be the subject of satire himself. The satirical ITV show Spitting Image caricatured him in high-flown discussion with another well-known intellectual in

1332-523: A year in 1981–82, he remained as resident columnist until his retirement, covering a wide range of topics, both serious and comic. Levin became a broadcaster, first on the weekly satirical television show That Was the Week That Was in the early 1960s, then as a panellist on a musical quiz, Face the Music , and finally in three series of travel programmes in the 1980s. He began to write books in

1406-407: Is not possible to drop four million pounds of bombs every day on a country the size of New York and Pennsylvania without exterminating the civilian population". During the course of the tribunal, the U.S. government revoked Schoenman's passport because of unauthorized visits to North Vietnam. In November 1967, he was deported back to the U.S. by Bolivian authorities when he traveled there to attend

1480-611: The Manchester Guardian and wrote a weekly political column in The Spectator noted for its irreverence and influence on modern parliamentary sketches . During the 1960s he wrote five columns a week for the Daily Mail on any subject that he chose. After a disagreement with the proprietor of the paper over attempted censorship of his column in 1970, Levin moved to The Times where, with one break of just over

1554-521: The University of Cambridge , but, as his obituarist in The Times wrote, he "was not considered Oxbridge material". He was accepted by the London School of Economics (LSE), where he studied from 1948 to 1952. His talents were recognised and encouraged by LSE tutors including Karl Popper and Harold Laski ; Levin's deep affection for both did not prevent his perfecting a comic impersonation of

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1628-526: The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign Bulletin contained a special section on "British Complicity" in the war, usually focusing on military R&D carried on by industry and universities. In its Vietnam Handbook (1972) the VSC devoted a major chapter to "British Complicity," accusing Wilson of cutting a "shabby figure" as he consistently supported U.S. policy in Vietnam. The campaign also picketed firms which were known to supply

1702-462: The general election victory of another of his bêtes noires , Harold Macmillan , Levin gave up the Taper column, professing himself to be in despair. Concurrently with his work at The Spectator , Levin was the drama critic of The Daily Express from 1959, offending many in theatrical circles by his outspoken verdicts. He modelled his reviewing style on that of Bernard Shaw 's musical reviews of

1776-529: The "Taking Aim" radio show, billed as "Uncompromising, fact intensive exposés of the hidden workings of a capitalist system addicted to permanent war". In about 2009 they moved from broadcasting over WBAI to an Internet webcast. Bernard Levin Henry Bernard Levin CBE (19 August 1928 – 7 August 2004) was an English journalist, author and broadcaster, described by The Times as "the most famous journalist of his day". The son of

1850-424: The 1970s, publishing 17 between 1970 and 1998. From the early 1990s, Levin developed Alzheimer's disease , which eventually forced him to give up his regular column in 1997, and to stop writing altogether not long afterwards. Levin was born on 19 August 1928 in London, the second child and only son of Philip Levin, a tailor of Jewish Bessarabian descent, and his wife, Rose, née Racklin. Philip Levin abandoned

1924-623: The CND after arriving in Britain. This brought him into contact with Russell, for whom Schoenman began working in 1960. Bernard Levin wrote critically of Schoenman's influence on Russell, saying that Schoenman was partly responsible for Russell's virulent anti-Americanism, in contrast to his earlier pronouncements against communism . Russell said of Schoenman, "You know he is a rather rash young man, and I have to restrain him.". In 1963, Schoenman participated as Russell's secretary in attempts to mediate

1998-584: The Committee of 100 and an unofficial war crimes tribunal to try American leaders for their conduct in the Vietnam War . Shortly before his death in 1970, Russell publicly broke with Schoenman. Born in Brooklyn, New York , Schoenman was educated at Princeton University but then left the U.S. for Britain in 1958. He was involved in various protest activities during his student days and became active in

2072-922: The End of the Rhine in 1987, following the Rhine from its two sources, the Hinterrhein and the Vorderrhein , in Switzerland, to its estuary at Rotterdam , 1,233 km (766 mi) to the north. In between he joined the Swiss citizen army on manoeuvres, visited Liechtenstein bankers, zig-zagged the Swiss–German border at Lake Constance , attended the Schubertiade at Hohenems and the opera at Bregenz , took

2146-582: The March protest. The October demonstration was carefully planned to avoid any opportunity for a repeat performance, resulting in a peaceful march of 200,000 people across London. According to its newsletter, VSC branches were active in many British cities -- Glasgow , Sheffield , Leeds , Liverpool , Manchester , Nottingham and Swansea . Even small towns, including Falkirk , counted VSC members. The Vietnam Solidarity Campaign consistently badgered Harold Wilson and his government over Vietnam . Every issue of

2220-464: The Music along with a new panellist, Arianna Stassinopoulos (later known as Arianna Huffington). He was 42; she was 21. A relationship developed, of which she wrote after his death: "He wasn't just the big love of my life, he was a mentor as a writer and a role model as a thinker". Although Levin had rejected Judaism when a youth, he quested after spirituality. Such religious sympathies as he had, he said, were "with quietist faiths, like Buddhism, on

2294-635: The Sixties , summed up its subject. In 22 self-contained chapters, Levin considered various aspects of British life during the decade. Among his topics were prominent people including Harold Macmillan and Harold Wilson – dubbed the Walrus and the Carpenter by Levin – and institutions such as the monarchy, the churches and the British Empire in its last days. Among the individual events examined in

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2368-785: The US military including the Dow Chemical Company 's UK operations and the Elliot Automation factory in Lewisham . Following the death of theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in March 2018, the Latin American news site teleSUR reposted a photograph from the National Portrait Gallery collections on their Facebook page, purporting to show him leading a VSC demonstration alongside Ali and Vanessa Redgrave in March 1968. The image

2442-438: The book were the 1968 student riots and the prosecution for obscenity of the publishers of Lady Chatterley's Lover . Levin's interest in indexes developed from his work on The Pendulum Years . He compiled his own index for the book, "and swore a mighty oath, when I had finished the task, that I would rather die, and in a particularly unpleasant manner, than do it again". He contrived to include in his index an obscene joke at

2516-677: The conservative Times , "I wrote more comfortably against the grain of the paper I worked for rather than with it". His obituarist in The Times added that the decision may also have been swayed by the better remuneration offered by the paper. Among the perquisites of the Times appointment were a company car and a large and splendid office at the paper's building in Printing House Square , London. Levin accepted neither; he could not drive and he hated to be isolated. He commandeered

2590-509: The consolations of Christ's Hospital was its thriving musical life. At concerts by the school orchestra (whose members included Levin's contemporary, Colin Davis ), Levin listened seriously to music for the first time. The food at the school was no such consolation; according to Levin it was so appalling that there must be something better to be found, and from his late teens he sought out the best restaurants he could afford. Levin hoped to go to

2664-407: The countryside near Horsham , West Sussex . His housemaster was D. S. ("Boom") Macnutt , the school's head of Classics . Macnutt was a strict, even bullying, teacher, and was feared rather than loved by his pupils, but Levin learned Classics well, and acquired a lifelong fondness for placing Latin tags and quotations in his writing. He battled on many fronts at Christ's Hospital: he was a Jew at

2738-552: The editor, Peter Stothard , concluded, despite a great admiration for Levin, that the weekly column should cease. Levin retired, though he continued to write for the paper occasionally over the next year. On 7 August 2004, he died in Westminster , London, aged 75. He is buried in Brompton Cemetery , London. A memorial service was held at the church of St Martin-in-the-Fields at which Sir David Frost delivering

2812-482: The eulogy described Levin as "a faithful crusader for tolerance and against injustice who had declared, 'The pen is mightier than the sword – and much easier to write with'". Levin was appointed CBE for services to journalism in 1990. The Society of Indexers has instituted an award in Levin's name; it is given to "a journalist and author whose writings show untiring and eloquent support for indexers and indexing". He

2886-735: The expense of the hapless prosecutor in the Chatterley trial, but found the difficulty of indexing so great that he became a champion of the Society of Indexers . He wrote several articles on the subject, and when reviewing books made a point of praising good indexes and condemning bad ones. In June 1970, during the general election campaign , Levin fell out with the proprietors of The Daily Mail , Lord Rothermere and his son Vere Harmsworth . Levin's contract guaranteed him absolute freedom to write whatever he chose, but Harmsworth, an unswerving Conservative , attempted to censor Levin's support for

2960-401: The family when Levin was a child, and the two children were brought up with the help of their maternal grandparents, who had emigrated from Lithuania at the turn of the 20th century. Levin wrote of his childhood, "My home was not a religious one; my grandfather read the scriptures to himself silently and struggled through a little English; my grandmother, who could read no language at all, lit

3034-623: The first, Taking Sides , covered subjects as diverse as the death watch beetle , Field Marshal Montgomery , Wagner , homophobia , censorship, Eldridge Cleaver , arachnophobia , theatrical nudity, and the North Thames Gas Board . Within weeks of joining The Times Levin provoked a lawsuit and a strident controversy. The first was in March 1971, in an article titled "Profit and dishonour in Fleet Street", accusing Rothermere of underhand conduct and personal avarice during

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3108-466: The group's own camera crews, Schoenman tried to negotiate network television coverage from NBC and CBS for the tribunal's visit to Hanoi , but was turned down in a dispute over the conditions. The networks charged that they had been asked to pay for the privilege and also felt that the restrictions proposed to them, including submitting footage for censorship, would imperil their objectivity. CBS News president Richard Salant said, "They are out to prove

3182-494: The individual that lasted his whole life. In return, as he grew older, he used to read to them. Bernard could not read Hebrew , but he could get by in Yiddish ". Rose Levin was a capable cook, and, though the household was not well off, Levin was well fed and acquired an interest in food that in adult life became one of the regular themes of his journalism. The cuisine was traditional Jewish, with fried fish as one cornerstone of

3256-515: The influence of Shakespeare on everyday discourse. It begins: If you cannot understand my argument, and declare 'It's Greek to me', you are quoting Shakespeare; if you claim to be more sinned against than sinning, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you recall your salad days, you are quoting Shakespeare; if you act more in sorrow than in anger, if your wish is father to the thought, if your lost property has vanished into thin air, you are quoting Shakespeare". In 1971, Levin appeared in an edition of Face

3330-473: The last five of them also wrote five columns a week on any subject of his choice. Although by the early 1960s, Levin was becoming a well-known name, his was not yet a well-known face. Meeting him in London the publisher Rupert Hart-Davis did not immediately recognise him: "He looks about sixteen, and at first I thought he was someone's little boy brought along to see the fun – very Jewish, with wavy fairish hair, very intelligent and agreeable to talk to". Levin

3404-463: The late 19th century. He gave a fellow-critic an edition of Shaw's collected criticism, writing inside the cover, "'In the hope that when you come across the phrases I have already stolen you will keep quiet about it". Gilmour discouraged any hopes Levin might have had of succeeding Inglis as editor and in 1962, Levin left both The Spectator and The Daily Express , becoming drama critic of The Daily Mail . He remained there for eight years, and for

3478-487: The latter was elevated to the peerage as Lord Dilhorne, Levin renamed him Lord Stillborn. Taper was not Levin's only work for The Spectator . He wrote on a wide range of subjects, from a campaign for the release of three Arabs imprisoned by the British authorities, to supporting publication of the banned novel Lady Chatterley's Lover , and denunciation of the retired Lord Chief Justice , Lord Goddard . The last led to

3552-509: The latter. Levin became a skilled debater; he wrote for the student newspaper The Beaver , on a range of subjects, not least opera, which became one of his lifelong passions. Having graduated from the LSE in 1952, Levin worked briefly as a tour guide, and then joined the BBC 's North American Service. His job was to read all the newspapers and weekly magazines, selecting articles that might be useful for broadcasting. In 1953, Levin applied for

3626-733: The merger of The Daily Mail and The Daily Sketch . The libel action brought by Rothermere was settled out of court, at substantial cost to the proprietor of The Times , Lord Thomson . Two months later, controversy followed Levin's renewed condemnation of Lord Goddard immediately after the latter's death in May 1971. The legal profession closed ranks and defended Goddard's reputation against Levin's attacks. Among those denouncing Levin were Lords Denning , Devlin , Hodson , Parker , Shawcross and Stow Hill . After Levin's death The Times published an article opining that information made public since 1971 "strongly supported" his criticisms of Goddard. At

3700-471: The modern parliamentary sketch": Until then sketch writers were basically on the side of the MPs. Their job was to convey to voters the majesty of our legislators' oratory, to remind us of the surpassing importance of their deliberations. A predecessor of mine published his collected works as The Glory of Parliament. Levin had truck with none of that nonsense. As he said later, he treated the old place as if it were

3774-581: The network's first hundred days he attributed its viewing figures to the "number of people who are sufficiently stupid to derive pleasure from such programmes". In 1956, Levin found himself in irreconcilable disagreement with Truth's support of the Anglo-French military action in the Suez Crisis . The proprietor and editor of the long-established weekly The Spectator , Ian Gilmour , invited Levin to join his staff. Levin left Truth and became

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3848-542: The one hand and South Africa on the other. These decrees constitute a pair of campaign medals that I wear with considerable pleasure and I have a profound suspicion of those who rebuke me for partisanship while wearing only one". He wrote regularly about the arts. Music was a recurrent theme; he was notorious for his addiction to Wagner, and other favourite composers included Schubert and Mozart . He wrote about performers he admired, including Otto Klemperer , Alfred Brendel , and Kiri Te Kanawa . He turned less regularly to

3922-497: The one hand, and with a straightforward message of salvation, like Christianity, on the other". With the help of Stassinopoulos he continued to search after spiritual truth. She later wrote, "He tried therapy, he tried Insight, a self-awareness seminar that I had helped to bring to London, he tried a stint in an ashram in India. Lesser souls would have avoided the ridicule that was heaped on him for his spiritual 'search' by simply keeping it to himself. But he didn't, because anything he

3996-468: The opening programmes a kindly review, but by the fourth day of commercial television he was beginning to baulk: "There has been nothing to get our teeth into apart from three different brands of cake-mix and a patent doughnut". Thereafter, he did not spare the network: "cliché succeeded to cliché"; "a mentally defective aborigine who was deaf in both ears would have little difficulty in leaving Double Your Money £32 richer than when he entered"; and after

4070-406: The other major party, Labour . Levin resigned, and immediately received offers from The Guardian and The Times to join them as a columnist. He found both tempting, and at one point "even had a wild notion of suggesting that I should write for both simultaneously". In the end, he chose The Times , giving as his reason that though the liberal Guardian was more in line with his own politics than

4144-459: The photograph with genuine images of the scientist. Ralph Schoenman Ralph Schoenman (1935 – September 30, 2023 ) was an American left-wing activist who was a personal secretary to Bertrand Russell and became general secretary of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation . He was involved in a number of projects supported by Russell, including the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND),

4218-456: The political correspondent of The Spectator . He declared that he was no expert in politics, but Gilmour advised him, "review it as you would review television". Levin wrote his column under the pseudonym "Taper", from the name of a corrupt political insider in Disraeli 's 1844 novel Coningsby . He followed Gilmour's advice, becoming, as The Guardian 's Simon Hoggart said, "the father of

4292-597: The presumed route taken by Hannibal when he invaded Italy in 218 BC. The programme followed Levin's 320-mile journey from Aigues-Mortes to the crossing into Italy in the Queyras valley in the French Alps. He remained true to his declared intention of eschewing all forms of vehicular transport, and walked all the way, with the exception of his crossing the Rhone , rowing himself in a small boat. He followed this with To

4366-404: The repertoire, and chicken as another – boiled, roast, or in soup with lokshen (noodles), kreplach or kneidlach . As an adult Levin retained his love of Jewish cookery along with his passion for French haute cuisine . The Levin household was not especially musical, though it had a piano which Judith was taught to play; Rose Levin bought her son a violin and paid for lessons, convinced that he

4440-521: The rest of his life. It contains a sentence that far outdoes his earlier 1,667 word effort in The Times , starting on page 212 and ending four pages later; it lists the restaurants most esteemed by Levin in Europe, Asia and America. It also briefly mentions Levin's battle against depression, akin to bipolar disorder . In the 1980s, Levin made three television series for Channel 4 . The first, Hannibal's Footsteps , screened in 1985, showed Levin walking

4514-538: The time, the lawyers took revenge on Levin by ensuring that his candidacy for membership of the Garrick , a London club much favoured by lawyers and journalists, was blackballed . At The Daily Mail , Levin had generally been restricted to 600 words for his articles. At The Times he had more licence to spread himself. He appeared in The Guinness Book of Records for the longest sentence ever to appear in

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4588-576: The trial of Régis Debray . As a result, he was prevented from attending the tribunal's proceedings in Copenhagen later that month because Danish authorities refused to allow him to enter without a passport. This led to a sequence in which Schoenman shuttled between several European countries, none of which would admit him, before illegally entering Britain, where he remained for 10 days until being deported in June 1968. In December 1969, Russell made

4662-414: The visual arts, but when he did his views were clear-cut and trenchantly expressed. He wrote of a Pre-Raphaelite exhibition in 1984, "Never, in all my life, not even at the exclusively Millais exhibition in 1967, have I seen so much sickening rubbish in one place at one time". His knowledge and love of literature were reflected in many of his writings; among his best-known pieces is a long paragraph about

4736-556: The waters at Baden-Baden , visited the manufacturers of eau de Cologne , and paid tribute to Erasmus at Basel . The last of the three series was in 1989, A Walk up Fifth Avenue in New York , from Washington Square to the Harlem River . In this series he encountered extremes of wealth and poverty, and met a wide variety of people, some famous (such as Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Donald Trump ) and some not (including

4810-480: The way out". Sometimes Levin wrote about frivolous, even farcical matters, such as a series of mock-indignant articles about the sex-lives of mosquitoes. At other times he wrote about matters of grave moral importance, unfailingly denouncing authoritarian regimes whether of the left or the right. He observed, "I am barred by the governments concerned from entering the Soviet Union and the lands of her empire on

4884-703: Was exactly what I had been looking for". After a year, Evans left and was succeeded by his deputy, George Scott; Levin was promoted in Scott's place. He wrote for the paper under a variety of pseudonyms, including "A. E. Cherryman". While still at Truth , Levin was invited to write a column in The Manchester Guardian about ITV , Britain's first commercial television channel, launched in 1955. Mooney describes his television reviews as "notably punchy" and The Times commented, "Levin took out his shotgun and let loose with both barrels". Levin gave

4958-426: Was "destined to be the next Kreisler or Heifetz ". Levin persevered ineptly for two and a half years and then gave up with relief. The experience put him off music for some time, and it was only later that it became one of his passions, a frequent topic in his writing. Levin was a bright child and, encouraged by his mother, he worked hard enough to win a scholarship to the independent school Christ's Hospital in

5032-548: Was a token one only. It organised a demonstration of 20,000 people in October 1967 that for the first time ignored police warnings not to enter Grosvenor Square, where the United States Embassy in London was then located. In March and October 1968 two major demonstrations in London , sponsored by the VSC, drew more than 100,000 participants. Serious police violence was captured by press and television cameras during

5106-531: Was again able to travel, visiting Iran during the waning days of the Shah 's government to raise awareness of the human rights violations of the U.S.-backed government. The new Provisional Revolutionary Government expelled him in March 1979. From 2002, Schoenman worked with documentary filmmaker, Mya Shone, providing commentary for radio stations in many parts of the United States and Canada, and produced

5180-451: Was also Levin's junior by more than 20 years. In 1981 Levin took a sabbatical from The Times after Rupert Murdoch bought the paper and Harold Evans succeeded Rees-Mogg as editor. Evans and Levin were friends, but Levin had publicly stated his preference that Charles Douglas-Home should be appointed. Within a year Evans and Murdoch fell out and Evans left in 1982; Douglas-Home became editor, and coaxed Levin back, to write two columns

5254-443: Was invited to appear regularly on BBC television's new weekly late-night satirical revue, That Was the Week That Was , where he delivered monologues to camera about his pet hates and conducted interviews, appearing as "a tiny figure taking on assorted noisy giants in debate". The programme, which had a short but much-discussed run, was transmitted live; this added to its edginess and impact, but also made it prone to disruption. Levin

5328-500: Was then shared by thousands of users on Facebook and Twitter , and was later picked up by other media outlets including The Guardian . However, Ali and Redgrave both disputed the accuracy of the claim, and the National Portrait Gallery has since stated that the photograph does not show Hawking. In 2018 the fact checking website Alt News was able to prove that the person in the image was not Hawking by comparing

5402-510: Was touched by he had to write about". In 1980 he wrote extensive accounts in his column about his visit to the Indian commune of the meditation teacher Osho . Levin was commissioned by the BBC to visit musical festivals around the world, broadcasting a series of talks about them. Together with Stassinopoulos, he visited festivals in Britain, Ireland, continental Europe and Australia. He later wrote

5476-585: Was twice assaulted on air, once by the husband of an actress whose show Levin had reviewed severely, and once by a woman astrologer who squirted him with water. In 1966, BBC television screened a new musical quiz, Face the Music presented by Joseph Cooper . It ran intermittently until 1984. Levin was a frequent panel member along with, among others, Robin Ray , Joyce Grenfell , David Attenborough and Richard Baker . Levin published his first book in 1970. Called The Pendulum Years , its subtitle, Britain and

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