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43-461: Viitaniemi is a neighborhood in the Nisula district of Jyväskylä , Finland. It was built during 1959–1964. In 1962, the landmark of the suburb, Viitatorni designed by Alvar Aalto , was built. Viitaniemi is considered to be an architecturally significant area. This Western Finland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jyv%C3%A4skyl%C3%A4 Jyväskylä

86-521: A genus of yews , and the Old Prussian word juwis . It has also been speculated that the word jyväs refers to the sun's reflection of the surface of the water. Erkki Fredrikson, the curator of the Museum of Central Finland , put forward a theory related to the name, that the origin word for the city's name was syväs and not jyväs , and that the name was once derived from Jyväsjoki (literally

129-591: A part of the museum. The Aviation Museum of Central Finland near the Jyväskylä Airport in Tikkakoski exhibits the aviation history of Finland. The University of Jyväskylä Museum is specialized in the history of the university and diversity of nature in Central Finland. Jyväskylä Art Museum, located the city centre is the regional art museum of Central Finland. In collaboration with

172-546: Is 6,718. Most foreign-born citizens come from the former Soviet Union , Sweden , Russia , Iran , and Afghanistan . The relative share of immigrants in Jyväskylä's population is below the national average. Nevertheless, the city's new residents are increasingly of foreign origin. This will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years. In 2023, the Evangelical Lutheran Church

215-454: Is located about 150 km (93 mi) northeast of Tampere , the third largest city in Finland; and about 270 km (170 mi) north of Helsinki , the national capital. The Jyväskylä sub-region includes Jyväskylä, Hankasalmi , Laukaa , Muurame , Petäjävesi , Toivakka , and Uurainen . Other neighbouring municipalities of Jyväskylä are Joutsa , Jämsä and Luhanka . Jyväskylä

258-514: Is located on the shores of a small Jyväsjärvi . The landscape in Jyväskylä is hilly, forested and full of waters. The architect Alvar Aalto compared the hilly landscape of Jyväskylä to Toscana in Italy : "The slope of Jyväskylä ridge is almost like the mountain vineyards of Fiesole " . The defined climate is a subarctic continental ( Köppen : Dfc ). Because of its northern location, winters are long, snowy, cold, and dark. During midwinter,

301-439: Is not uncommon. At least 100 different languages are spoken in Jyväskylä. The most widely spoken foreign languages are Russian (1.3%), Farsi (0.5%), English (0.5%) and Arabic (0.4%). As of 2023 , 10,163 people with a migrant background lived in Jyväskylä, representing 6.9% of the population. There are 10,277 residents who were born abroad, which makes up 7.0% of the population. The number of foreign citizens in Jyväskylä

344-586: Is surrounded by hundreds of lakes. To reach Jyväskylä from the east, one needs to go through or pass the hill Kanavuori , which used to host a military depot full of ammunition and armaments. Jyväskylä is located in the Finnish Lakeland . There are 328 lakes in the city , and lakes and rivers constitute 20,1% (295 km ; 114 sq mi) of the total area of the city. The city's largest lakes are Päijänne , Leppävesi , Tuomiojärvi, Palokkajärvi, Luonetjärvi, and Alvajärvi-Korttajärvi. The city center

387-466: Is the estate of Lahti, which emerged when the estate of Mattila was split between two brothers in 1600. The history of the Lahti family and estate have had a significant impact on the development of Jyväskylä region. Lahdenrinne, in the south-west corner of Jyväsjärvi lake, belongs to the old heartland of the estate of Lahti. The name Jyväskylä was mentioned in 1575 as Jyueskylä . Its name is derived from

430-591: Is the largest city in the Central Finland and Finnish Lakeland region. Jyväskylä was one of the fastest growing cities in Finland during the 20th century; in 1940, there were only 8,000 inhabitants in Jyväskylä. Elias Lönnrot , the author of the Finnish national epic, the Kalevala , nicknamed the city "the Athens of Finland". This nickname refers to Jyväskylä's important role as an educational centre. The works of

473-563: Is the main decision-making body at the local level. Its 75 members are elected every fourth year in municipal elections. The city council elects the mayor. The current mayor is Timo Koivisto . The prevalence of the social democratic party can be explained in part by the Vaajakoski , a major industrial center historically that is currently part of Jyväskylä, and its heritage of industrial workers voting social democrats. Grand Duke of Finland The Grand Duke of Finland , alternatively

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516-624: The Grand Prince of Finland after 1802, was, from around 1580 to 1809, a title in use by most Swedish monarchs . Between 1809 and 1917, it was included in the title of the emperor of Russia , who was also the ruler of the Grand Duchy of Finland . Around 1580, King Johan III of Sweden , who had previously (1556–63) been the duke of Finland (a royal duke ), assumed the subsidiary title Grand Duke of Finland ( Swedish : Storfurste , Finnish : Suomen suuriruhtinas) to

559-750: The Secto Rally Finland (formerly known as the 1000 Lakes Rally). It is the biggest annually organised public event in the Nordic countries , gathering over 500,000 spectators every year. The rally has been held since 1951, first as a national competition, then from 1959 on as a European Rally Championship event and since the introduction of the World Rally Championship in 1973 , as Finland's WRC event. Ice hockey venue Synergia-areena , Hippos Finnish baseball stadium, swimming hall AaltoAlvari, and many other primary sport venues of

602-592: The "grain river"), which, according to Fredrikson's assumption, was actually called Syväsjoki (literally the "deep river"). However, the name Jyväsjoki was registered in 1506 for the region's first known resident, Heikki Ihanninpoika Jyväsjoki. His house was located at the mouth of the Äijälänjoki River, which in Fredrikson's opinion also supports the Syväsjoki theory. The village, known at the beginning as Jyväsjoki village, gradually transformed into Jyväskylä. In

645-407: The 21st century. Population by mother tongue (2023) Jyväskylä is the third largest monolingual Finnish-speaking municipality in Finland after Tampere and Oulu. There are 292 Swedish-speakers in Jyväskylä, i.e. they make up about 0.2% of the city's population. As English and Swedish are compulsory school subjects, functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies

688-665: The Centre for Creative Photography, the Jyväskylä Art Museum maintains The Ratamo Printmaking and Photography Centre. This centre consists of the Galleria Ratamo along with a printmaking workshop, photography studio and artist workspaces all situated in Jyväskylä's former roundhouse. In addition, historical churches in the city are open for public, most notables of them being the Taulumäki Church and

731-765: The City of Jyväskylä, the Central Finland Health Care District, the University of Jyväskylä , and the Air Force Academy . As of 2010 , only 1% of the labor force works on the primary sector , 21% on the secondary sector , and 78% on the service sector of the economy. In April 2012, the unemployment rate in Jyväskylä was 12.2%, which was higher than average in Finland (9.8% in 1/2012). As of July 2012, there are about 61,000 jobs in Jyväskylä. The average income per income earner

774-656: The Jyväskylä City Church. The biggest theater in the city is the Jyväskylä City Theatre , designed by Alvar Aalto. It stands right in the center of the city. In addition to the City Theatre, more than dozen amateur drama companies serve audiences of all ages. The most popular theatres include: In the 2010s, Jyväskylä earned a reputation as one of the most productive and high-quality rap music centers, and Jyväskylä has been titled in

817-470: The Jyväskylä region, there are archeological findings from the Stone Age . According to the oldest available taxation documents ( maakirja ), there were seven estates on the Jyväskylä region in 1539. One of them, the estate of Mattila, alone possessed the areas stretching from the village of Keljo to the villages of Vesanka and Palokka . The oldest estate in Jyväskylä continuously held by the same family

860-588: The Swedish defeat in the war and the signing of the Treaty of Fredrikshamn on 17 September 1809, Finland became in some aspects an autonomous grand duchy , as in an informal real union with the Russian Empire . The grand duke ruled Finland through his governor-general and a national senate appointed by him. Although no grand duke ever explicitly recognised Finland as a separate state in its own right,

903-441: The Swedish throne, with the exception of Charles IX , who listed Finns as one of the many nations over which he was the king during 1607–1611. As the title had only subsidiary nature without any concrete meaning, it was mainly used at formal occasions along with a long list of additional royal titles. The last Swedish monarch to use the title was Queen Ulrika Eleonora , who abdicated in 1720. In 1802, King Gustav IV Adolf gave

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946-650: The city are located in Hippos , two kilometres (1.2 miles) away from the city centre. The Matti Nykänen ski jumping hill is located next to the Laajavuori ski resort just few kilometres west from the city centre. The main football stadium lies on the slopes of Harju just next to the city centre. The Killeri hippodrome on the western parts of the city serves different horse racing competitions. At winter time, amateur ice skaters can practice their skills in Viitaniemi or on

989-472: The city receives daylight for only around five hours. Summers are mild, with the average daily maximum temperature being 22 °C (72 °F) in July. During the summer, Jyväskylä experiences long daylight and white nights i.e. midnight twilight . The city of Jyväskylä has 149,263 inhabitants, making it the 7th most populous municipality in Finland. The Jyväskylä region has a population of 192,786, making it

1032-536: The city, and housing was badly needed. During the 21st century Jyväskylä has grown fast – by over 1,000 inhabitants every year. Säynätsalo was consolidated with Jyväskylä in 1993, and Jyväskylän maalaiskunta and Korpilahti , for their part, on January 1, 2009. Jyväskylä is located on the northern coast of Lake Päijänne , 147 kilometres (91 mi) north-east of Tampere , 148 kilometres (92 mi) south-west of Kuopio and 270 kilometres (170 mi) north of Helsinki . The hilly and forested terrain in Jyväskylä

1075-458: The city, raising the GDP per capita higher than the national average. The GDP per capita of the whole Jyväskylä region was €28,718 in 2007. The regional GDP per capita is lower than the Finnish national average, mainly due to high number of students and a relatively high unemployment rate. The Alvar Aalto Museum and the Museum of Central Finland form a center of culture in the immediate vicinity of

1118-546: The famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto can be seen throughout the city. The city hosts the Rally Finland , which is part of the World Rally Championship . The annual Jyväskylä Arts Festival is also held in the city. The second part of the city's name, kylä , means village. The first part of the city's name, jyväs- , looks like the stem of an adjective *jyvänen , derived from jyvä , "grain" (compare Wiktionary ). Alternatively, it has been associated with Taxus ,

1161-457: The historical campus of the University of Jyväskylä . Both museums are designed by functionalist Alvar Aalto . The Alvar Aalto Museum displays the artist's most important work and design. The Museum of Central Finland specializes in cultural history. It serves both as the town museum of Jyväskylä and the provincial museum of Central Finland. In summer 2015 Alvar Aalto Foundation and the city of Jyväskylä launched an architect competition to connect

1204-408: The lake Jyväsjärvi . A shorter form of the name, Jyväs (written Jyuexe ) was mentioned slightly earlier in 1565 and again (this time written Jyues ) in 1570. The City of Jyväskylä was founded on 22 March 1837, when Emperor of Russia and Grand Duke of Finland , Nicholas I of Russia , signed the charter of the city and the infrastructure was essentially built from scratch; before that, Jyväskylä

1247-534: The lake Jyväsjärvi, which has a 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long ice skating track. The inventor of Finnish national sport pesäpallo , Lauri "Tahko" Pihkala , studied and lived in Jyväskylä. The Upper secondary school of Jyväskylän Lyseo hosted the historic event of first pesäpallo match in world in September 1920. Sports teams from Jyväskylä include: The city hosted the 2006 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship for Women Division B. The city council of Jyväskylä

1290-457: The loyalty of Finnish military influenced his approach towards Finnish autonomy. The original town was built between Lake Jyväsjärvi (which is connected to Lake Päijänne) and the Jyväskylä ridge (Harju), and consisted of most of the current grid-style city centre. The establishment of schools in the 1850s and '60s proved to be the most significant step in regards to the later development of Jyväskylä. The first three Finnish -speaking schools in

1333-448: The lycée in 1858, the teachers’ college in 1863, and the girls’ school in 1864 proved to be the most significant steps in regards to later development of Jyväskylä. Educational services became the heart of the economic growth of the city. In 1912 Wilhelm Schauman founded a plywood mill on the shores of Jyväsjärvi. Soon other kinds of forest based businesses opened factories and premises in the city. Thus, lumber , pulp , and paper became

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1376-476: The media as the "capital of Finnish rap". Gettomasa , among others, the rap artists from Jyväskylä who deserved their encouragement. The University of Jyväskylä is the only university in Northern Europe with a faculty of sports. The faculty has been a key player to develop a strong sports culture in the city, which is why Jyväskylä is also dubbed the "capital of Finnish sport ". The city hosts

1419-605: The second stronghold of the economy in Jyväskylä. Later, the high quality education and paper machinery industry tempted information technology businesses to settle in the city. Nowadays, the main sources of subsistence in Jyväskylä are educational and health care services, paper machinery production, information technology, and renewable energy . The most important private employers are paper machinery producer Metso ltd., retail trade company Keskimaa Cooperative Society, real estate service company ISS , and wind turbine gear manufacturer Moventas . The biggest public employers are

1462-414: The sixth largest region in Finland after Helsinki , Tampere , Turku , Oulu and Lahti . Jyväskylä is home to 3% of Finland's population. 6.1% of the population has a foreign background, which is lower than in the major Finnish cities of Helsinki , Espoo , Tampere , Vantaa or Turku . Jyväskylä was the fastest growing Finnish city in the 20th century. The population has continued to grow rapidly in

1505-547: The title to his new-born son, Prince Carl Gustaf, who died three years later. During the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia, the four estates of occupied Finland were assembled at the Diet of Porvoo on 29 March 1809 to pledge allegiance to Emperor Alexander I of Russia , who had already earlier during the war adopted the title of grand duke (also translated as grand prince) of Finland to his long list of titles. Following

1548-465: The titles of the king of Sweden , first appearing in sources in 1581 (though first used by Johan III in 1577). In those years, Johan was and had been in a quarrel with his eastern neighbour, Tsar Ivan IV of Russia ("the Terrible"), who had a long list of subsidiary titles as the grand duke of several ancient Russian principalities and provinces. The use of the title of grand duke on Johan's behalf

1591-539: The two museums. One of architect Aalto's most significant works, Säynätsalo Town Hall, is located in Säynätsalo island. The city hosts the Craft Museum of Finland , which presents a range of different handicraft techniques from across the country, as well as a centre dedicated to the conservation of textiles that serves private customers, museums and organisations. The National Costume Center of Finland forms

1634-540: The world wars, producing machine guns and ammunition. According to reporting in Helsingin Sanomat , since the 1990s Jyväskylä has served as a signals intelligence collection site, primarily targeting military maneuvers around St. Petersburg. Because of excellent connections, Jyväskylä was a busy marketplace even before the first permanent settlements were founded in the current city centre. The establishment of Finland's first three Finnish-speaking schools:

1677-491: The world were founded in Jyväskylä, the lycée in 1858, the teachers’ college in 1863, and the girls’ school in 1864. Well-trained teaching staff and pupils from different parts of the country changed the atmosphere of Jyväskylä irrevocably. In the early 20th century, the town expanded several times. Most of today's Jyväskylä was built after the Continuation War , when evacuees from ceded territories were settled in

1720-485: Was a countermeasure to signify his mighty position as sovereign of Sweden, also a multinational or multi-country realm, and equal to a tsardom . Not only was Finland added, but Karelia , Ingria , and Livonia , all of which were along the Swedish–Russian border. It is said that the first use of the new title was in an occasion to contact Tsar Ivan. During the next 140 years, the title was used by Johan's successors on

1763-545: Was a village belonging to the larger rural municipality of Laukaa , being the largest village of the whole parish. At the times Finnish military battalion Suomen kaarti participated under his rule in military operations against the Polish November Uprising and later in Hungary, Turkey and Bessarabia (today Moldova). While Nicholas I of Russia abolished many autonomous areas, it has been argued, that

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1806-560: Was the largest religious group with 62.1% of the population of Jyväskylä. Other religious groups accounted for 3.1% of the population. 34.8% of the population had no religious affiliation. Jyväskylä hosts the headquarters of the Finnish Air Force , in Tikkakoski . As a central location, it has traditionally been important base for military operations. Jyväskylä became known as major firearms manufacturer ( Tikkakoski ) during

1849-455: Was €24,380 in 2010. In 2011, Jyväskylä topped in an image evaluation study among businesses. The city reached the highest score of large Finnish cities in the study, succeeding especially in the availability of skilled work force, on commercial services, on transport connections, and on geographical location. The Gross domestic product per capita in the city of Jyväskylä was €33,688 in 2005. The self-sufficiency in workplaces exceeded 100% in

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