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56-512: Villa García borders the municipality of Loreto in the north, Pinos in the south east. The states of Aguascalientes in the east and Jalisco in the south. Villa García has a population of 18,269 with an elevation of 2,100 meters (6,900 ft) above sea level. The primary communities are Villa Garcia the administrative seat of the municipality with a population of 5,499, El Copetillo population 1,159, Aguagorda 1,042, Granadas 1,056, and Aguagordita 695. The region holds an annual fair from December

112-520: A decree declaring Aguascalientes a department, based on the decrees of December 30, 1836, and June 30, 1838, without ever referring to the one from March 23, 1835. Finally, in the project that would be the Constitution of 1857 , that was presented on June 16, 1856, Aguascalientes was included as a state in Article 43; it was passed unanimously by the 79 deputies present, ensuring the establishment of

168-524: A mediator between the bishops and the religious orders operating in New Spain. The dispute between these two religious groups dated from the viceroyalty of Gastón de Peralta, 3rd Marquis of Falces , when a royal disposition stipulated that the administration of the parishes was the responsibility of the secular clergy, obliging friars, nuns and members of the regular clergy to retreat to convents. The regular clergy refused to obey this disposition, beginning

224-515: A plant to make vehicles like the QX30. In the rural area, Aguascalientes was once the largest national producer of grapes and wines . This tradition ceased gradually due to the Spanish Royalty's wishes that grape and wine production be limited to the mother country. Thanks to the influx of immigrants into Mexico, the wineries and vineyards remain and flourish. Guavas are also produced in

280-555: A restaurant business owner from Los Angeles , bought a second division franchise which he relocated to Aguascalientes where there was no professional football club. The club played its last tournament in 2000-2001 when the Governor of Aguascalientes bought first division club Necaxa , with its national following, and relocated it from Mexico City. Gallos de Aguascalientes was then sold to Chivas , which changed its name to F.C. Tapatio de Guadalajara , affiliated to Chivas. The city

336-476: A town came from the order that King Felipe II gave the judge of the court of Nueva Galicia, Don Gerónimo de Orozco , in which he stated that he should look for a rich man to settle in the territory with the purpose of expelling the Chichimecas and of assuring safe passage. Gerónimo de Orozco, following that order, looked for someone who would accept the king's order and found a man named Juan de Montoro in

392-410: A war between Aguascalientes and Zacatecas, and as a consequence Zacatecas would strengthen the partitions, now municipalities, of Cavillo and Rincón de Romos. In July 1848, Aguascalientes accepted the peaceful annexation to Zacatecas; but continued making efforts to separate through Miguel García Rojas. It was not until December 10, 1853, that López de Santa Anna, using his extraordinary powers, issued

448-448: Is also famed for its environment of relaxation, and for its safety and cleanliness, as it is often described by people when traveling to this part of the country for conventions or tourism. Most tourists go to the capital. A few tourists explore the former mining towns in the north of the state (in the municipalities of Asientos and Tepezalá ), which are now almost ghost cities. The haciendas , hot springs , and baths scattered around

504-495: Is called "el corazón" which means "the heart" of Mexico because it lies in the middle of the country. This city is often considered, by its locals, to be one of the safest and cleanest in Mexico. Also, the city of Aguascalientes is known as "the land of the good people". Club de Fútbol Gallos Hidrocálidos de Aguascalientes was a football club from Aguascalientes, Mexico. The club was founded in 1994, when Salvador López Monroy ,

560-563: Is considered the national fair of Mexico and contributes much to Mexico's economy. Recently, its capital city has gained the reputation as a great destination for its superb colonial architecture visible in the colonial center, as well as the modernity and dynamism in the outskirts. The city is home to Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo International Airport , where 9 flights per day depart to Mexico City , Tijuana , Dallas/Fort Worth and Houston . The city also hosts many conventions every year. It benefits from its excellent central location. The city

616-470: Is five stars, eight bridges for the next five years, a Financial District around the Airport, A Texas Instruments Assembly-Test Plant, A Nissan Assembly plant, a Toyota assembly plant and several others projects place Aguascalientes as the third most competitive state in Mexico with more than US$ 12,000,000 in foreign direct investment per year (around 8 percent of Mexico's FDI) even though its population

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672-777: Is home to the soccer team Club Necaxa , which plays in Mexican first division. The club left Mexico City and relocated to Aguascalientes following the 2003 opening of Estadio Victoria , which is now the club's home venue and one of the best stadiums in the country. The state has one football team in the Mexican Premiere League, Club Necaxa , one professional baseball team in the Mexican League , Rieleros de Aguascalientes (The railroad men), and one professional basketball team, Panteras de Aguascalientes (Aguascalientes Panthers) In December 2009, Necaxa

728-407: Is in the north-central part of the country, bordered by Zacatecas to the north, east and west, and by Jalisco to the south. As of the 2020 census, Aguascalientes has a population of 1,425,607 inhabitants, most of whom live in its capital city, also named Aguascalientes . Its name means "hot waters" and originated from the abundance of hot springs originally found in the area. The demonym for

784-499: Is just about 1.03 percent of the country. However, recently it has also benefited from heavier tourism , since the capital city has gained prestige and status as a national destination for its colonial beauty and cleanliness. In addition, the haciendas and baths around the state have historic and recreational importance. Although this state is not often billed as a tourist center, international visitors, as well as citizens from all over Mexico, are attracted to San Marcos Fair , which

840-399: Is low, averaging 526 mm (20.7 in) and is mostly concentrated in summer with winters being dry. Aguascalientes is subdivided into 11 municipios (" municipalities "). This state originated around the times of colonial Spanish influence. It is located in the middle of the country and is now beginning to make a name for itself as an industrial power within Mexico. The state

896-492: Is the mountain climate and fauna that attracts locals for camping activities. In winter, the temperature sometimes falls to −4.44 °C (24.01 °F) when the weather is poor. Usually, Sierra Fría is the only part of the state that gets snow during winter. In the city of Aguascalientes one of the best sunsets in the world can be seen in Cerro del Muerto; the hill resembles the shape of a man lying down. The city of Aguascalientes

952-580: The Chichimeca . He established presidios at Ojuelos and Portezuelos, on the road to Zacatecas . He founded the Villa de San Felipe ( Guanajuato ) and many other towns and villages, as well as colleges and convents. In 1573 he began the construction of the Cathedral of Mexico City . Enríquez brought medical attention to the unprotected and helped those in critical conditions. He established hospitals in

1008-774: The Council of the Indies (Consejo de Indias) as viceroy, his first actions upon arrival in New Spain, at Veracruz , were to dislodge the English pirates from the Isla de Sacrificios, a base they had been using to raid the coast and Spanish shipping. When he arrived in Mexico City , he immediately took steps to end the turmoil left by the former president of the Real Audiencia , Alonso Muñoz . Enríquez de Almanza also acted as

1064-567: The Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes ( Spanish : Estado Libre y Soberano de Aguascalientes ), is one of the 32 states which comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico . At 22°N and with an average altitude of 1,950 m (6,400 ft) above sea level it is predominantly of semi-arid climate ( Bhs and Bhk ). The state is located in the northern part of the Bajío region, which

1120-468: The Seven Laws . The constitution did not acknowledge Aguascalientes in the rank of department , but it saw fit to eliminate the states , together with the federal regime, replacing the states with departments, and because of this it continued to belong to Zacatecas. What can be said, since in the local constitution of Zacatecas of 1825, Aguascalientes was contemplated as a member of said state. It

1176-691: The Spaniards , the territory of what is now the State of Aguascalientes was inhabited by Chichimecas , who made the territory difficult to access. In fact, the total occupation of the lands of El Bajío was a task that would take about two centuries. With respect to this, Viceroy Luís de Velasco offered municipal benefits to those who established settlements to confront the Chichimeca. And for his part, Viceroy Gastón de Peralta decided to confront them directly, which did not end with good results. It

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1232-481: The 1st through the 12th in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe. The municipality has a vibrant industry of sarapes which has been in decline in the last years, many locals call sarapes tapetes or forongos. 22°09′40″N 101°57′07″W  /  22.16111°N 101.95194°W  / 22.16111; -101.95194 Aguascalientes Aguascalientes ( Spanish pronunciation: [ˌaɣwaskaˈljentes] ; lit.   ' Hot Waters ' ), officially

1288-580: The Aguascalentenses, and by way of punishing Zacatecas for supporting the Revolution against them, by Federal Decree of General López de Santa Anna dated May 23, 1835, in the third article; ordered that Aguascalientes to be separated from Zacatecas territory, without granting the territory any specific category, reinstating the appointment of the political boss, Pedro Garcia Rojas . With respect to this, it must be mentioned that said order

1344-543: The Indian fighter Juan Domínguez, were to be created, which were: the presidio at Las Bocas, later called Las Bocas de Gallardo, situated on the border of Aguascalientes, in what was the jurisdiction of the mayor of Teocaltiche , presently the border of Aguascalientes and Zacatecas; the presidio at Palmillas, which was located near what is now Tepezalá; and the Ciénega Grande presidio, established around 1570. The latter

1400-538: The Inquisition in the Indies were two Englishmen and an Irishman, burnt at the stake in Mexico City April 15, 1574 for "Lutheran heresies". An estimated 200 people were tried in 1574, the year in which the first Autos de Fe were held. Most of these 200 people were burnt alive in public plazas or tortured to death in secret dungeons, both scattered throughout what is now downtown Mexico City. The viceroy

1456-510: The Liga de Ascenso and First Promotion title in their franchise history. On April 16, 2011, after a draw 1–1 with Atlante F.C., the club's first key game in 2011, Necaxa could not cumulate enough points in order to evade relegation. For a second time, Club Necaxa was relegated to the Liga de Ascenso, the second tier, for the 2011–2012 season. One of the biggest soccer to live Judith Ramírez played for this team from 2001 to 2017. Aguascalientes hosts

1512-740: The Panteras de Aguascalientes headquarters. This team plays in the Mexican Professional Basketball League. Aguascalientes also hosts the baseball professional team Rieleros. Aguascalientes also has important racetracks for the car and motorbike races at a national and international level. Newspapers of Aguascalientes include: Ahí, El Heraldo de Aguascalientes, El Sol del Centro de Aguascalientes, Hidrocálido, LJA, and Picacho Panorama de Aguascalientes. Mart%C3%ADn Enr%C3%ADquez de Almanza Martín Enríquez de Almanza y Ulloa , (died ca. March 13, 1583)

1568-525: The Revolution. The explosion of the Maderist movement embraced the cause in the company of some other compatriots, and the rebel action of the town and the region stayed formalized. The state is located about 480 km (300 mi) from Mexico City in the macroregion of El Bajío, specifically the Bajío Occidental (western Bajío). It covers 5,471 km (2,112 sq mi), or 0.3% of

1624-584: The Superior Board of Royal Property, the sub-delegation of Aguascalientes became a dependency of Zacatecas . In the Mexican War of Independence , in the territory which is today the state of Aguascalientes, the fires of independence were stoked by illustrious and courageous men such as Valentin Gómez Farías , Rafael Iriarte , Rafael Vázquez, and Pedro Parga. Confusion has arisen regarding

1680-570: The Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption of Aguas Calientes; later changing to the city of Aguascalientes, which remains its name today. In the act of its establishment, the Villa de San Marcos (Aguascalientes) was awarded the highest mayoral jurisdiction under the Kingdom of New Galicia . As of December 4, 1786, on the occasion of the issuance of the "Ordinance of Mayors", it became a quartermaster sub-delegation. On April 24, 1789, by order of

1736-456: The area of the country, and has a little more than one million inhabitants. Most of its inhabitants live in the densely populated metropolitan area of its capital city. The state as it is now was created on October 27, 1857, when it was separated from Zacatecas after the tale says that the wife of the governor of the state promised to give a kiss to the President of the time, in exchange for

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1792-418: The arrival of the next viceroy, Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza, 5th Count of Coruña . In Lima people knew him as el Gotoso (The Goutish One) because of his ill health. He was unable to accomplish much as viceroy of Peru and died three years into his term, so that he is thus not counted among the great viceroys. However, in New Spain where he served 12 years as viceroy, he was considered "a wise administrator; he

1848-455: The caverns of the Sierra del Laurel and near the present village of Las Negritas testify to the presence of humans in this territory for more than 20,000 years. Later in the colonial times, Pedro Almíndez Chirino was the first Spaniard who entered the territory, perhaps by the end of 1530 or the beginning of 1531, following the instructions given by Nuño de Guzmán . Before the arrival of

1904-406: The city of Santa María de los Lagos . He accepted the assignment and, accompanied by eleven other people, headed to the territory and thus founded the town of Aguas Calientes on October 22, 1575. It has been noted that it was called San Marcos originally, changing its name on August 18, 1611, to the Villa of Our Lady of the Assumption of Aguas Calientes. And finally, from June 2, 1875, it was called

1960-544: The city to treat the victims of a terrible epidemic (thought to be chicken pox or varicella) that left 3,000 people dead. He published regulations in which the social protection of the Indians was guaranteed against their Spanish patrons, and a fair salary was assured for those who worked as peasants and farmers. During the government of Enríquez de Almanza, the Holy Office of the Inquisition (Tribunal del Santo Oficio)

2016-405: The conflict. The Franciscans threatened to abandon the city, and in fact began a march to Veracruz. They were threatened by Indians and ordered to return by the viceroy. After receiving some concessions, they returned to Mexico City. In 1570 the viceroy personally led an expedition against the Indian tribes that had been devastating the interior, but he did not give into demand for total war against

2072-419: The exact date when Aguascalientes formally separated from the territory of Zacatecas. By virtue of having, de facto, defeated the liberal government of Zacatecas by rising against the central government, president Antonio López de Santa Anna passed through Aguascalientes, where he was well received by the people who had wanted to separate from Zacatecas for some time. Taking advantage of the independent souls of

2128-496: The fall 2009. In the spring 2010 campaign, Necaxa's only loss in the season came against F.C León, Necaxa faced this other soccer team on May 8, 2010, for the second leg of the Bicentennial Closing Spring Tournament of 2010. Necaxa won 4–2 on aggregate. Necaxa abandoned the Liga de Ascenso and returned to First Division fall 2010 season. As a result of this match Necaxa won the bi-championship in

2184-507: The separation of Aguascalientes from Zacatecas, which explains the shape of a kiss the state has. It bears the name Aguascalientes taken from its largest city and capital also called Aguascalientes. The state mostly has a semi-arid climate , with an exception in the northwestern part of the state with the Sierra Fría mountain range having a temperate highland climate. It also brings large amounts of rain that eventually flows into one of

2240-716: The state are also of historical and recreational relevance. The municipality of Calvillo has a humid subtropical climate , The largest producer of guavas in Mexico, it attracts some fans of watersports to its reservoirs. The state has a Natural Protected Reserve in the higher mountains called Sierra Fría . Located at a height of 2,500 to 3,000 m (8,202 to 9,843  ft ) above sea level, it comprises oak and pine forests. Its attractions include observing exuberant landscape and wide ravines, in which, there are pumas, lynxes, boar, white-tailed deer, wild turkey, raccoons and many other animals. There are steep-sided cycle paths, camping and picnic areas as well as several hunting clubs. It

2296-583: The state of Aguascalientes on December 10, 1856. On September 16, 1857, on the strength of said constitution, Lic. Jesús Terán Peredo reclaimed his post as constitutional governor of the state. In the independent state, hidrocálidos (people of Aguascalientes) Jesús R. Macías, Manuel Rangel, Augustín Orona, José María Arellano and many other anonymous heroes distinguished themselves in the War of Reform . Silvestre Dorador, Román Morales, Pedro Vital, Alfonso Guerrero Aguilera and Alberto Fuentes Dávila were forerunners of

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2352-445: The state's inhabitants is hidrocálido or aguascalentense . Aguascalientes is one of the smallest states of Mexico, either by population or land, being the 27th most populated state and the 29th biggest state by area; nonetheless, it is the 4th state by population density, and its economic development in recent years have located it as the 7th state by Human Development Index and the 8th with highest GDP per capita. Aguascalientes

2408-555: The state, specifically in the municipality of Calvillo. This county is one of the richest counties in Aguascalientes. There are several projects for economic development such as: the Financial District Río San Pedro, a monorail, a suburban train, the construction of the newest and most modern WTC in Mexico, over four shopping malls, two theme parks, two Executive Hotels and one whose qualification

2464-508: The states reservoir. Mean annual temperature of the state is around 17 to 18 °C (62.6 to 64.4 °F) in which May and June are the hottest months with mean temperatures between 22 and 23 °C (71.6 and 73.4 °F). In these months, temperatures can exceed 30 °C (86.0 °F). January is the coldest month, averaging 13 to 14 °C (55.4 to 57.2 °F) with temperatures dropping down to 4 °C (39.2 °F). Frosts frequently occur from November to February. Mean rainfall

2520-414: The vital link between the silver mines in north and Mexico's center. Born Martín Enríquez de Almanza y Ulloa, his father was Francisco Enríquez de Almanza, 1st Marquess of Alcañices, great-great-grandchild of Infante Fadrique Alfonso of Castile , an illegitimate child of Alfonso XI of Castile . His mother was Isabel de Ulloa y Castilla, also a Castilian royal on her mother's side. Having been chosen by

2576-438: The wake of the encomenderos' conspiracy of the son of conqueror Hernán Cortés , Don Martín Cortés and other encomenderos who challenged the crown's power. He was subsequently viceroy of Peru , from September 23, 1581 until his death in 1583, a post he reluctantly accepted at age 72. He was a very able administrator in Mexico, asserting crown control, and effective in establishing defenses against northern natives who threatened

2632-663: Was formally established in New Spain; it was simultaneously established in Peru. Pedro Moya de Contreras , the first inquisitor in New Spain, arrived in 1571. Composed of a group of high-ranking bishops and sometimes led by the archbishop of Mexico City, the Inquisition had special instructions to oversee and control the religious practices of Spaniards and non-indigenous residents in the territory, and to eradicate any crypto-Jewish communities ( judaizantes ), as well as any Protestants. Indians were excluded from its jurisdiction. This religious court became quite active. The first to be tried by

2688-470: Was general José Mariano Salas who, on August 5, 1846, announced the reestablishment of federalism , convening a constitutional congress that declared current the constitution of 1824 , but still didn't consider Aguascalientes as a state. Subsequently, on May 18, 1847, amendments were approved to the Constitution of 1824, but neither granted to Aguascalientes the status of a state. That brought about

2744-521: Was historically known for its former railroad and textile industry, as well as wine making , an industry that remains today. During the 2010s Aguascalientes became the fastest-growing state in the country for the whole decade. Aguascalientes is also well known for its San Marcos Fair (Feria Nacional de San Marcos) , the largest fair in Mexico and one of the largest in Latin America. Pre-Columbian era arrowheads, potshards, and rock paintings in

2800-656: Was in order to be in the territory that is presently the state inhabited by Chichimecas, the so-called Guachichiles, that the conquistadors built several forts or presidios. This was a system devised by Martín Enríquez de Almanza following the strategy that had been developing in Spain throughout the Reconquista period. Therefore, in order to protect the Camino de la Plata, which stretched between Zacatecas and Mexico City , three presidios [garrisoned fortifications] founded by

2856-639: Was located on what are now Moctezuma and Victoria Streets, although some historians place it on the Calle 5 de Mayo (once the Camino Real) at Moctezuma, just in front of the Plaza de Armas. This was a fortress whose purpose was the protection of the Valle de los Romero and the road to Zacatecas, entering this way to secure the passage of convoys loaded with silver and other metals. The founding of Aguascalientes as

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2912-453: Was not made official as it did not meet the legal requirements to take effect, since it was necessary that two thirds of each house, both Senators and Representatives , approved the order; furthermore it would be required that two thirds of the legislatures of the states also approved it. The second requirement not being completed, the constitutional congress convened again to develop the centralized constitution that would be known later as

2968-439: Was once a major silver miner and a major source of railroad transportation, the latter due to its strategic location, midway between the three most populous areas, namely Mexico City , Guadalajara , and Monterrey . Today, Mexico's fast growing car industry is especially important in this state. There are two Nissan factories in Aguascalientes which together produce more than half a million cars per year. Infiniti may build

3024-571: Was represented on the field and played their final 2009 match within the Primera División (First Division) tier in the 2009 season after losing 1-0 vs Club América. Under the rules of regulation, Necaxa would not be able to participate in the First Division competition play in the fall 2009 and spring 2010 year. Necaxa's closing spring 2010 league performance had some accomplishments. They had an undefeated record at home throughout

3080-566: Was required to attend these ceremonies. King Philip II of Spain received outstanding comments about this viceroy, and he was aware of the obvious improvements made during his administration. In recognition of his labor, he was designated viceroy of Peru , Peru being a richer colony. Enríquez de Almanza sailed from the port of Acapulco on the Pacific in 1580. He died in Lima , Peru in 1583, still in office. The Audiencia governed New Spain until

3136-574: Was the fourth viceroy of New Spain , who ruled in the name of Philip II from November 5, 1568 until October 3, 1580. Like many of the early viceroys of New Spain, Almanza was of royal heritage. He was a member of the House of Enríquez , one of the four cadet branches of the House of Burgundy , the ruling dynasty in Castile , yet never inherited a title. Enríquez was 60 when he was appointed viceroy in New Spain. He brought strength and stability in

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