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38-690: Villa Ludwigshöhe is a former summer residence of Ludwig I of Bavaria overlooking Edenkoben and Rhodt unter Rietburg in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany. Villa Ludwigshöhe is located at the eastern edge of the Palatinate Forest , west of the small-town of Edenkoben and the municipality Rhodt unter Rietburg in the Southern Palatinate. Next to the Villa is the lower station of the "Rietburgbahn" chairlift, by which

76-503: A Philhellene the Greek War of Independence , in which he provided a loan of 1.5 million florins from his private funds. In 1817 Ludwig was also involved in the fall of Prime Minister Count Max Josef von Montgelas whose policies he had opposed. He succeeded his father on the throne in 1825. Ludwig's rule was strongly affected by his enthusiasm for the arts and women and by his overreaching royal assertiveness. An enthusiast for

114-570: A soft felt hat with a center crease, which became known popularly as a "fedora". Several United States military aircraft have served as the namesake of previous aircraft. The Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II attack aircraft was named after the WWII-era Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighter-bomber. The McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is the namesake of the McDonnell FH Phantom . Uniquely,

152-515: Is a person, geographic location, or other entity bearing the name of another. The word is first attested around 1635, and probably comes from the phrase "for one's name's sake", which originates in English Bible translations as a rendering of a Hebrew idiom meaning "to protect one's reputation" or possibly "vouched for by one's reputation." Examples are in Psalm 23:3, "He leadeth me in

190-591: Is classical. This article about a Rhineland-Palatinate building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ludwig I of Bavaria Ludwig I or Louis I ( German : Ludwig I. ; 25 August 1786 – 29 February 1868) was King of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states . When he was crown prince, he was involved in the Napoleonic Wars . As king, he encouraged Bavaria's industrialization, initiating

228-476: Is customary to name a child after a dead relative, such as the child's grandparent, but never after a living person. Sephardic Jews traditionally are encouraged to name their children after relatives, living or dead. Greek families traditionally name a child after its paternal grandparents and the second child of the same sex is named after its maternal grandparents. When a son is named after his father, "Jr."/"II", "III'", or another name suffix may be added to

266-734: The Battle of Abensberg on 20 April. With the Treaty of Ried of 8 October 1813 Bavaria left the Confederation of the Rhine and agreed to join the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in exchange for a guarantee of her continued sovereign and independent status. On 14 October, Bavaria made a formal declaration of war against Napoleonic France . The treaty was passionately backed by Crown Prince Ludwig and by Marshal von Wrede . Already at

304-558: The German Mediatization of 1803. In 1815, Baden's possession of Manheim and Heidelberg was confirmed and only the left bank territories were given back to Bavaria. Ludwig founded the city of Ludwigshafen there as a Bavarian rival to Mannheim. Ludwig moved the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität from Landshut to Munich in 1826. The king also encouraged Bavaria's industrialization. He initiated

342-669: The July Revolution of 1830 in France, Ludwig's previous liberal policy became more and more repressive. The Hambacher Fest in 1832 revealed the discontent of the population caused by high taxes and censorship. In connection with the unrest of May 1832, some 142 political trials were initiated. The seven death sentences that were pronounced were commuted to long-term imprisonment by the king. About 1,000 political trials were to take place during Ludwig's reign. The strict censorship, which he had reinstated after having abolished it in 1825,

380-666: The Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube . In 1835 the first German railway was constructed in his domain, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg . Bavaria joined the Zollverein in 1834. As Ludwig had supported the Greek fight of independence his second son Otto was elected king of Greece in 1832. Otto's government was initially run by a three-man regency council made up of Bavarian court officials. After

418-531: The Ludwig Canal between the rivers Main and the Danube . In 1835, the first German railway was constructed in his domain, between the cities of Fürth and Nuremberg , with his Bavaria joining the Zollverein economic union in 1834. After the July Revolution of 1830 in France, Ludwig's previous liberal policy became increasingly repressive; in 1844, Ludwig was confronted during the Beer riots in Bavaria . During

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456-586: The Rietburg can be reached; it is also accessible by road. In 1843 King Ludwig I decided to build a summer villa. At that time the Palatinate (from which his father Maximilian I came) belonged to Bavaria. It was to be constructed on the edge of the Haardt hills . In 1845 the necessary parcels of land were bought from the municipalities Edenkoben and Rhodt. The foundation stone was laid in 1846. The Villa

494-1007: The Walhalla temple , the Befreiungshalle , the Villa Ludwigshöhe , the Pompejanum , the Ludwigstraße , the Bavaria statue , the Ruhmeshalle , the Glyptothek , the Old and the New Pinakothek . His architects Leo von Klenze and Friedrich von Gärtner also strongly influenced the cityscape of modern Athens . Already as crown prince Ludwig collected Early German and Early Dutch paintings, masterpieces of

532-712: The 1815 Congress of Vienna , Ludwig advocated a German national policy. Until 1816 the crown prince served as governor-general of the Duchy of Salzburg , whose cession to Austria he strongly opposed. His second son Otto , the later King of Greece, was born there. Between 1816 and 1825, he spent his years in Würzburg . He also made numerous trips to Italy and stayed often in the Villa Malta  [ de ] in Rome, which he later also bought (1827). Ludwig supported generously as

570-763: The Cabinet now turned against Ludwig. He had to sign the so-called "March Proclamation" with substantial concessions. On 16 March 1848 it was followed by renewed unrest because Lola Montez had returned to Munich after a short exile. Ludwig had to let her be searched by the police on 17 March, which was the worst humiliation for him. Not willing to rule as a constitutional monarch , Ludwig abdicated on 20 March 1848 in favour of his eldest son, Maximilian . Ludwig lived for another 20 years after his abdication and remained influential, especially as he continued several of his cultural projects. For most of his time in Munich his residence

608-619: The German Middle Ages, Ludwig ordered the re-erection of several monasteries in Bavaria which had been closed during the German mediatisation . He reorganized the administrative regions of Bavaria in 1837 and re-introduced the old names Upper Bavaria , Lower Bavaria , Franconia , Swabia , Upper Palatinate and Palatinate . He changed his royal titles to Ludwig, King of Bavaria, Duke of Franconia, Duke in Swabia and Count Palatine of

646-739: The German name for Bavaria today is spelled "Bayern" instead of "Baiern", while the German dialect spoken there has retained its original spelling "Bairisch"—note the I versus the Greek-derived Y . Ludwig was an eccentric and notoriously bad poet. He would write about anything, no matter how trivial, with strings of rhyming couplets. For this, the king was teased by Heinrich Heine who wrote several mocking poems in Ludwig's style. Ironically, Ludwig's Walhalla temple added Heine's bust to its collection in 2009. In private life Ludwig was, in spite of his royal assertiveness, modest and companionable and

684-657: The Italian renaissance, and contemporary art for his museums and galleries. He also placed special emphasis on collecting Greek and Roman sculpture. Through his agents, he managed to acquire such pieces as the Medusa Rondanini , the Barberini Faun , and, in 1813, the figures from the Temple of Aphaea on Aegina . One of his most famous conceptions is the celebrated "Schönheitengalerie" (Gallery of Beauties) , in

722-498: The Rhine . His successors kept these titles. Ludwig's plan to reunite the eastern part of the Palatinate with Bavaria could not be realized. The Electoral Palatinate , a former dominion of the Wittelsbach, had disappeared under Napoleon when France first annexed the left bank of the Rhine, including about half of the Palatinate, and then gave what remained on the right bank including, Mannheim and Heidelberg , to Baden during

760-533: The attitude of Caroline's stepson Ludwig I, who had been a strong opponent of Protestantism in spite of his marriage to a Protestant princess, Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. The Ultramontanes' regime only ended due to their demands against the naturalization of Ludwig I's Irish-born mistress Eliza Gilbert (better known by her stage name Lola Montez ). Ludwig resented that move, and the Ultramontanes under Karl von Abel were pushed out. Already in 1844, Ludwig

798-584: The extinction of the Sulzbach line with the death of the elector Charles Theodore . His father assumed the title of King of Bavaria on 1 January 1806. Starting in 1803 Ludwig studied in Landshut where he was taught by Johann Michael Sailer and in Göttingen . On 12 October 1810 he married Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1792–1854), the daughter of Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen . The wedding

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836-529: The first recipient can also be called the namesake ; however, the correct and unambiguous term would be the eponym . Naming a child after a relative, friend, or well-known person is a common practice in the English-speaking world. Continued practise of naming a child after the parent or grandparent may result in several relatives (e.g. cousins) being namesakes of each other despite not having been named after each other. Among Ashkenazi Jews , it

874-510: The name of the son (and sometimes "Sr." or a prior number to the father's name), in order to distinguish between individuals, especially if both father and son become famous, as in the case of poet Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. and his son, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. , an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court . Sometimes the "Jr." or "Sr." suffix is applied even when the child's legal name differs from that of

912-440: The parent. One example is that of the singer Hiram King Williams, known professionally as Hank Williams , and his son Randall Hank Williams, known professionally as Hank Williams Jr . Daughters being named after their mothers using similar suffixes is less common. One example is thoroughbred jockey Rosemary Homeister Jr. whose mother was also a jockey before turning to train. A more archaic method of distinguishing father from son

950-513: The paths of righteousness for His name's sake" (King James Bible, 1604), or in the metrical version "e'en for His own name's sake" (Rous 1641, Scottish Psalter 1650, see The Lord's My Shepherd ). When namesake refers to something or someone who is named after something or someone else, the second recipient of a name is usually said to be the namesake of the first. This usage usually refers to humans named after other humans, but current usage also allows things to be or have namesakes. Sometimes

988-572: The presence of the Blessed Sacrament at Corpus Christi processions and church services. The policy, which had been in place when Bavaria was still almost purely Catholic before 1803, had been discontinued after the inclusion of large Protestant areas. Catholic disturbances during the funeral of the Protestant Queen Caroline of Baden in 1841 caused a scandal. This treatment of his beloved stepmother permanently softened

1026-417: The public mind. The teddy bear , for example, was named after President Theodore Roosevelt , because of a popular story in which the then-President objected to cruel treatment of a bear by hunters. The fedora hat may be considered the "namesake" of a fictional character, Princess Fédora Romanoff, from an 1887 play, Fédora , by Victorien Sardou. In her portrayal of that character, Sarah Bernhardt wore

1064-565: The revolutions of 1848 the king faced increasing protests and demonstrations by students and the middle classes. On 20 March 1848, he abdicated in favour of his eldest son, Maximilian . Ludwig lived for another twenty years after his abdication and remained influential. An admirer of ancient Greece and the Italian Renaissance , Ludwig patronized the arts and commissioned several neoclassical buildings , especially in Munich . He

1102-438: The south pavilion of his Nymphenburg Palace in Munich. A collection of 36 portraits of the beautiful women painted between 1827 and 1850 mostly by Joseph Karl Stieler . Also after his abdication, Ludwig remained an important and lavish sponsor for the arts. This caused several conflicts with his son and successor Maximilian. Finally, Ludwig financed his projects from his own resources. Because of King Ludwig's philhellenism ,

1140-572: The time of his birth, his father was an officer in the French Army stationed at Strasbourg . Ludwig was the godson and namesake of Louis XVI of France . On 1 April 1795 his father succeeded Ludwig's uncle, Charles II , as duke of Zweibrücken , and on 16 February 1799 became Elector of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine , the Arch-Steward of the Empire , and Duke of Berg on

1178-735: Was an avid collector of arts, amassing paintings from the Early German and Early Dutch periods as well as Graeco-Roman sculptures. All living legitimate agnatic members of the House of Wittelsbach descend from him. Born in the Zweibrücker Hof in Straßburg as Ludwig Karl August von Pfalz-Birkenfeld-Zweibrücken , he was the son of Count Palatine Maximilian Joseph of Zweibrücken (later Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria ) by his first wife Princess Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt . At

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1216-487: Was built by Joseph Hoffmann (Ludwigshafen/Rhine) according to plans from architect Friedrich Wilhelm von Gärtner. In 1847 the architect died and Leo von Klenze took care of the site management. The building was finished in 1852. Ludwig I lived in the Villa every two years during July and August, and also celebrated his birthday there. His last visit to the Villa was in 1866. The main building consists of four rectangular two-storey buildings, grouped around an atrium. The style

1254-581: Was confronted with the Beer riots in Bavaria . During the revolutions of 1848 the king faced increasing protests and demonstrations by the students and the middle classes. The king had ordered to close the university in February, and on 4 March, a large crowd assaulted the Armory to storm the Munich Residenz . Ludwig's brother Prince Karl managed to appease the protesters, but the royal family and

1292-634: Was even known for his often shabby attire. Ludwig was hard of hearing and had a birthmark on his forehead which was often concealed in portraits. Ludwig had several extramarital affairs and was one of the lovers of Jane Digby , an aristocratic English adventuress. Another affair was the Italian noblewoman Marianna Florenzi . His affair with Lola Montez also caused some scandal. Issue by Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen (8 July 1792 – 26 October 1854; married on 12 October 1810 in Theresienwiese , Munich ) Namesake A namesake

1330-657: Was opposed by large sectors of the population. In 1837 the Ultramontanes backed by the Roman Catholic Church gained control of the Bavarian parliament and began a campaign of changes to the constitution, such as removing civil rights that had earlier been granted to Protestants, as well as enforcing political censorship. On 14 August 1838, the King issued an order for all members of the military to kneel in

1368-466: Was the neo-Gothic Wittelsbacher Palais , once built for his successor and unloved by Ludwig. He died at Nice in 1868 and was buried in St. Boniface's Abbey, Munich , which he had ordered to be built. As admirer of ancient Greece and the Italian Renaissance , Ludwig patronized the arts as principal of many neoclassical buildings, especially in Munich , and as fanatic collector. Among others he commissioned

1406-466: Was the occasion of the first-ever Oktoberfest . Ludwig strongly rejected the alliance of his father with Napoleon I of France but in spite of his anti-French politics the crown prince had to join the emperor's wars with allied Bavarian troops in 1806. As commander of the 1st Bavarian Division in VII Corps, he served under Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre in 1809. He led his division in action at

1444-867: Was to follow the name with "the Elder" or "the Younger", respectively, for example William Pitt the Elder and William Pitt the Younger . For an extensive list, see List of people known as the Elder or the Younger . Buildings, such as the Fisher Building , and companies, like the Ford Motor Company , are often named after their founders or owners. Biological species and celestial bodies are frequently named after their discoverers. Alternatively, their discoverers may name them in honor of others. Occasionally, material goods, such as toys or garments, may be named after people closely associated with them in

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