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63-774: Vincenzoni was born in Treviso , Veneto . He is probably best known in world cinema for his scriptwriting of Sergio Leone 's For a Few Dollars More (1965) and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly in 1966, but he also wrote for a number of other Spaghetti Westerns . His screenwriting credits also include: This biographical article about an Italian writer or poet is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Treviso Treviso ( US : / t r eɪ ˈ v iː z oʊ / tray- VEE -zoh ; Italian: [treˈviːzo] ; Venetian : Trevizo [tɾeˈʋizo] )

126-471: A pragmatica sanctio pro petitione Vigilii (pragmatic sanction on the requests of Pope Vigilius ), the Prefecture of Italy returned, although not yet completely pacified, to Roman dominion. However, Sicily and Dalmatia were separated from the Prefecture of Italy: the former did not become part of any prefecture, being governed by a praetor dependent on Constantinople, while the latter was aggregated to

189-653: A Greek who had been ordained bishop by St. Peter , brought the Catholic faith to Treviso and surrounding areas. By the 4th century, the Christian population grew sufficient to merit a resident bishop. The first documented bishop was John the Pious who began his episcopacy in 396 AD. Treviso went through a demographic and economic decline similar to the rest of Italy after the fall of the Western Empire ; however, it

252-602: A catalog in 1369, the earliest such catalog to survive to this day. After a Scaliger domination in 1329–1339, the city gave itself to the Republic of Venice in consequence of the Scaliger War , becoming the first notable mainland possession of the Serenissima. From 1318 it was also, for a short time, the seat of a university. Venetian rule brought innumerable benefits; however, Treviso necessarily became involved in

315-400: A smaller airport primarily used by low-cost airlines, with Ryanair being one of the main operators. The airport has a single asphalt runway , 2,420 meters long, and it stands 18 meters above sea level. The terminal was opened in 2007 and named after the famous Italian sculptor Antonio Canova . MOM is the major transport company in the city and provides for urban and suburban services in

378-587: A third professor to teach Canonic Law and a fourth to teach medicine. Even though the city had its own university in the Middle Ages, only in recent times the University of Padua , Ca' Foscari and the IUAV of Venice established their own university campuses, giving once again the status of "university city" to Treviso. Classes are held at the former hospital of Battuti and the former Military District. In 2015

441-457: Is " Cfa " (temperate Humid subtropical climate ). As early as 1231 the city was looking for a doctor able to teach a course in Treviso, but it was not until 1269 that the canon Florio de' Dovari of Cremona was appointed, probably the first professor of law. In 1313–1314, it is recorded that the municipality guaranteed the presence of two Law professors, an ordinary and an extraordinary one,

504-534: Is a city and comune (municipality) in the Veneto region of northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 85,188 inhabitants (as of December 2023). Some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls ( le Mura ) or in the historical and monumental center; some 80,000 live in the urban center while the city hinterland has a population of approximately 170,000. The province

567-525: Is also a starting/finishing point for tours to the Montello hill and further into the hills of the area around Conegliano and Valdobbiadene. Treviso Centrale railway station has Trenitalia trains to Rome , Milan , Venice , Padua , Trieste . The station also has Austrian trains ( ÖBB ) going to Vienna , Klagenfurt , Villach Treviso Airport is located about 5 kilometers west-southwest of Treviso and approximately 31 kilometers from Venice. It's

630-523: Is also known worldwide for its textile and luxury production. Companies such as Benetton , Geox , Stefanel and Sisley are based in this area. Treviso is home to several notable Italian sport teams, thanks to the presence of the Benetton family, who owns and sponsors: The local football team, A.S.D. Treviso 2009 , played for the first time in the Italian Serie A in 2005. Its home stadium

693-416: Is home to the headquarters of clothing retailer Benetton , Sisley, Stefanel, Geox , Diadora and Lotto Sport Italia , appliance maker De'Longhi , and bicycle maker Pinarello . Treviso is also known for being the original production area of Prosecco wine and radicchio , and is thought to have been the origin of the popular Italian dessert tiramisù . Some believe that Treviso derived its name from

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756-573: Is the Omobono Tenni . Treviso is a popular stop on the professional cyclo-cross racing circuit and served as the site of the 2008 UCI Cyclo-cross World Championships . Treviso is a popular area for cycling enthusiasts. From the city center there is an cycling path along the Sile river with connecting paths all the way to Jesolo, a seaside resort on the Adriatic sea. For road cyclists, Treviso

819-458: Is used in historiography in a double sense: "exarchate" in the strict sense denotes the territory under the direct jurisdiction of the exarch, i.e. the area of the capital Ravenna, but the term is mainly used to designate all the Byzantine territories in continental and peninsular Italy. According to the legal sources of the time, these territories constituted the so-called Provincia Italiae , on

882-467: Is widespread, as well as the processing of straw and wicker. In Treviso, in the past, Dal Negro , a company producing playing cards , was founded and had its headquarters there. Currently, in this city there is an Osram factory and the headquarters of De'Longhi . Furthermore, in Treviso and its province, some of the most famous Italian wines are produced, such as Prosecco , Cabernet , Tocai , Merlot , Raboso and other well-known varieties. Treviso

945-724: The exercitus romanae militiae , who were the forerunners of the free armed burghers of the Italian cities of the Middle Ages . Other cities of the exarchate were organized on the same model. During the 6th and 7th centuries, the growing menace of the Lombards and the Franks , as well as the split between Eastern and Western Christendom inspired both by iconoclastic emperors and medieval developments in Latin theology and culminating in

1008-785: The Celtic word "tarvos" mixed with the Latin ending "isium" forming "Tarvisium", of the tarvos. Tarvos means bull in Celtic mythology, though the same word can relate to the lion, or Leo, in Eastern astrology. Others believe it comes from a word from the language of a tribe who first came to Treviso. Tarvisium, then a city of the Veneti , became a municipium in 89 BC after the Romans added Cisalpine Gaul to their dominions. Citizens were ascribed to

1071-728: The Kingdom of Italy in 1866. During World War I, Treviso held a strategic position close to the Austrian front. Just north, the Battle of Vittorio Veneto helped turn the tide of the War. During World War II, one of several Italian concentration camps was established for Slovene and Croatian civilians from the Province of Ljubljana in Monigo, near Treviso. The Monigo camp was disbanded with

1134-759: The Peace of Constance (1183). This lasted until the rise of seignories in northern Italy. In 1214, Treviso was the scene of the Castle of Love that turned into a war between Padua and Venice. Among the various families who ruled over Treviso, the Da Romano reigned from 1237 to 1260. Struggles between Guelph and Ghibelline factions followed, with the first triumphant in 1283 with Gherardo III da Camino , after which Treviso experienced significant economic and cultural growth which continued until 1312. Treviso and its satellite cities, including Castelfranco Veneto (founded by

1197-734: The Po (bordering territory of the duke of Venice , nominally in imperial service) and south to the Marecchia River , beyond which lay the Duchy of the Pentapolis on the Adriatic, also under a duke nominally representing the Emperor of the East. The exarchate was organised into a group of duchies ( Rome , Venetia , Calabria , Naples , Perugia , Pentapolis , Lucania , etc.) that were mainly

1260-777: The Prefecture of Illyricum . Consequently, at the end of the conflict, the prefecture of Italy, also called Provincia Italiae by the Pragmatic Sanction as if to demonstrate a loss of importance, was reduced to only continental and peninsular Italy (Sardinia and Corsica, conquered by the Vandals in the century, after Justinian's reconquest they became part of the Praetorian prefecture of Africa ). Narses still remained in Italy with extraordinary powers and also reorganized

1323-627: The Province of Treviso . Treviso is twinned with: Exarchate of Ravenna The Exarchate of Ravenna ( Latin : Exarchatus Ravennatis ; Greek : Εξαρχάτον τής Ραβέννας ), also known as the Exarchate of Italy , was an administrative district of the Byzantine Empire comprising, between the 6th and 8th centuries , the territories under the jurisdiction of the exarch of Italy ( exarchus Italiae ) resident in Ravenna. The term

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1386-542: The University IUAV of Venice closed its campuses in Treviso, moving its degree courses to Venice. In Treviso there are several high schools. There is the "Liceo ginnasio statale Antonio Canova " institute that includes the classical and linguistic high school, the "Liceo duca degli abruzzi " institute that includes the scientific lyceum , the linguistic lyceum and the human and social sciences lyceum . In Treviso there are also technical institutes such as

1449-408: The " Max Plank " school institute with computer science, electronics, automation courses. There is also no shortage of private schools in the city such as the "collegio vescovile Pio X", or the "Istituto Canossiano Madonna del Grappa". The public library has five locations, three of which are located in the city center. There are also some private foundations, such as the documentation center of

1512-501: The Byzantines of continental and peninsular Italy), which necessarily entailed the militarization of Byzantine Italy . The necessities of war pushed military commanders to centralize powers, thus depriving the civil authorities which are no longer attested by sources starting from the second half of the 7th century. Thus the separation of civil and military powers introduced by Diocletian and Constantine disappeared. Byzantine Italy

1575-627: The Easter " fugassa con le mandorle ", the Favette dei Morti. The most famous white wine is certainly Prosecco , and in addition to it, the Tocai, the Verduzzo and those made with white, grey Pinot and Chardonnay grapes as far as white wines are concerned and Cabernet , Merlot , Pinot noir and Raboso as far as red wines are concerned. In Treviso, artisanal production of ceramics and porcelain

1638-713: The Fondazione Benetton Studi e Ricerche with a library annex, at Palazzo Caotorta, the Biblioteca Capitolare and the Biblioteca del Seminario. The Liceo Canova also has an interesting library on the ground floor of its main headquarters, in Via San Teonisto. In addition to various museums, the city also offers important exhibition areas such as Palazzo dei Trecento , the city council's headquarters, Ca' dei Carraresi, owned by

1701-500: The Fondazione Cassamarca, and Palazzo Bomben, the headquarters of the Fondazione Benetton Studi e Ricerche. Going in order, the most typical appetizer is the soppressa , a soft cured meat cut into thick slices, usually accompanied by polenta and radicchio. Among the first courses, the " risi " (with liver or accompanied by seasonal vegetables such as asparagus, radicchio, peas or " bisi "...) and soups (in particular

1764-483: The Italian capitulation in 1943. The city suffered several bombing raids during World War II . A large part of the medieval structures of the city center were destroyed—including part of the Palazzo dei Trecento , later rebuilt—causing the death of about 1,600 people. In January 2005, a bomb enclosed in a candy egg and attributed to the so-called Italian Unabomber detonated on a Treviso street. Treviso stands at

1827-622: The Lombard incursions, the Roman possessions had fragmented into several isolated territories. In 580, Emperor Tiberius II reorganized them into five province eparchies : the Annonaria in northeastern Italy around Ravenna, Calabria , Campania , Aemilia and the Urbicaria around the city of Rome ( Urbs ). What would become the Republic of Venice was at some point created out of part of

1890-614: The Lombards fragmented into several autonomous duchies (the " Rule of the Dukes "). Emperor Justin II tried to take advantage of the Lombardian fragmentation in 576 by sending his son-in-law, Baduarius , to Italy. However, he was defeated and killed in battle, and the continuing crises in the Balkans and the East meant that another imperial effort at reconquest was not possible. Because of

1953-580: The Lombards), or Naples and Calabria (being overrun by the Lombard duchy of Benevento). In Rome, the pope was the real master. At the end, 740, the Exarchate consisted of Istria , Venetia, Ferrara , Ravenna (the exarchate in the limited sense), with the Pentapolis , and Perugia . These fragments of the province of Italy, as it was when reconquered for Justinian , were almost all lost, either to

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2016-630: The Lombards, who finally conquered Ravenna itself in 751, or by the revolt of the pope, who finally separated from the Empire on the issue of the iconoclastic reforms . The relationship between the Pope in Rome and the Exarch in Ravenna was a dynamic that could hurt or help the empire. The Papacy could be a vehicle for local discontent. The old Roman senatorial aristocracy resented being governed by an Exarch who

2079-670: The Lombards. Four years later, after the Franks drove the Lombards out, Pope Stephen II claimed the territory. The Pope's ally in the military action against the Lombards, Pepin the Short , King of the Franks, then donated the conquered lands back to the Papacy; this donation, which was confirmed by Pepin's son Charlemagne in 774, marked the beginning of the temporal power of the popes as the Patrimony of Saint Peter . The archbishoprics within

2142-418: The Papacy and Byzantium accelerated the disintegration of the exarchate. The armies, recruited from the local population, tended to take the pontiff's defense, and did not hesitate to turn on the exarch if he plotted against the Papacy. The Lombards took advantage of this to extend their conquests in an attempt to unify Italy under their domination. The exarchate fell in 751 with the Lombard conquest of Ravenna at

2205-534: The Port of Treviso (Porto de Fiera) pay duty and offload their merchandise and passengers along Riviera Santa Margherita. Fishermen were able to bring fresh catch every day to the Treviso fish market, which is held still today on an island connected to the rest of the city by two small bridges at either end. Treviso was taken in 1797 by the French under Mortier , who was made duke of Treviso. French domination lasted until

2268-616: The Roman tribe of Claudia. The city lay in proximity of the Via Postumia , which connected Opitergium to Aquileia , two major cities of Roman Venetia during Ancient and early medieval times. Treviso is rarely mentioned by ancient writers, although Pliny writes of the Silis , that is the Sile River , as flowing ex montibus Tarvisanis . During the Roman period, Christianity spread to Treviso. Tradition records that St. Prosdocimus ,

2331-511: The Trevigiani in contraposition to Padua ), had become attractive to neighbouring powers, including the da Carrara and Scaligeri . After the fall of the last Caminesi lord, Rizzardo IV , the Marca was the site of continuous struggles and ravages (1329–1388). Treviso notary and physician Oliviero Forzetta was an avid collector of antiquities and drawings; the collection was published in

2394-525: The Triveneto commonly called "baccalà"). Even vegetables are often protagonists of the Trevisan table, and in particular, the famous Red Radicchio of Treviso. Although the province is rich in cheeses ( Montasio , Asiago , Taleggio , Morlacco ), the most typical is perhaps the soft Casatella of Treviso, a fresh cheese with protected designation of origin status prepared with pasteurized cow's milk. Among

2457-596: The acrimonious rivalry between the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Constantinople , made the position of the exarch more and more untenable. Ravenna remained the seat of the exarch until the revolt of 727 over iconoclasm. Eutychius , the last exarch of Ravenna, was killed by the Lombards in 751. In 752, the northeastern portion of the Exarchate known as the Ducatus Pentapolis was conquered by King Aistulf of

2520-400: The autonomist tendencies of the local aristocracies and the ever-increasing temporal political role of the Church of Rome led to a progressive weakening of imperial authority in Italy. Byzantine Italy had now fragmented into a series of autonomous duchies outside the effective control of the exarch, whose authority no longer extended beyond the Ravenna area. Fiscal and religious conflicts between

2583-443: The basis of the fact that they too, until at least the end of the 7th century , fell under the jurisdiction of the exarch and were governed by duces or magistri militum under him. The exarchate was established around 584, the year in which the presence of an exarch in Ravenna is attested for the first time, as a consequence of the perpetual state of war with the Lombards (who in the meantime had stolen approximately two thirds of

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2646-449: The border of the "five cities" in the Marches along the Adriatic coast, and reached even cities not on the coast, such as Forlì . All this territory, which lay on the eastern flank of the Apennines , was under the exarch's direct administration and formed the Exarchate in the strictest sense. Surrounding territories were governed by dukes and magistri militum ("masters of the soldiers") more or less subject to his authority. From

2709-460: The city. The kingdom of Odoacer, the first Roman-barbarian kingdom to exist in Italy, was short-lived: in 493 Odoacer was defeated by the king of the Ostrogoths , Theodoric , who became the new lord of Italy. The new Ostrogothic Kingdom established by Theodoric continued to maintain, as previously, the Roman provincial and state organisation. Around the middle of the 6th century , Emperor Justinian I launched an impressive series of campaigns for

2772-407: The coastal cities in the Italian peninsula since the Lombards held the advantage in the hinterland. The civil and military head of these imperial possessions, the exarch himself, was the representative at Ravenna of the emperor in Constantinople . The surrounding territory reached from the River Po, which served as the boundary with Venice in the north, to the Pentapolis at Rimini in the south,

2835-555: The confluence of Botteniga with the Sile , 30 kilometres (19 miles) north of Venice, 50 km (31 mi) east of Vicenza, 40 km (25 mi) north-east of Padua, and 120 km (75 mi) south of Cortina d'Ampezzo . The city is situated some 15 km (9 mi) south-west the right bank of the Piave River , on the plain between the Gulf of Venice and the Alps . Climate in Treviso has mild differences between highs and lows, and has adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

2898-412: The defeat of Napoleon , after which it passed to the Austrian Empire . The citizens, still at heart loyal to the fallen Venetian Republic, were displeased with imperial rule and in March 1848, drove out the Austrian garrison. However, after the town was bombarded, the people were compelled to capitulate on the following 14 June. Austrian rule continued until Treviso was annexed with the rest of Veneto to

2961-453: The defensive, administrative and fiscal apparatus. Four military commands were allocated to defend the prefecture, one in Forum Iulii , one in Trento , one in the region of Lake Maggiore and Como and finally one in the Cottian and Graian Alps . In 568, the Lombards under King Alboin , together with other Germanic allies, invaded Northern Italy . The area had only a few years ago been completely pacified, and had suffered greatly during

3024-428: The exarchy's territory. The title of the Doge of Venice included the phrase dux Veneciarum provinciae , marking it as a province of the Byzantine Empire. By the end of the 6th century the new order of powers had settled into a stable pattern. Ravenna, governed by its exarch, who held civil and military authority in addition to his ecclesiastical office, was confined to the city, its port and environs as far north as

3087-404: The following year. Honorius, no longer feeling safe, moved to Ravenna and established the new capital of the Western Empire there. In 476 Ravenna fell due to a military coup d'état by the general Odoacer who, at the head of a militia of Heruli , Sciri , Rugii and Turcilingi mercenaries (i.e. the Germanic component of the imperial troops), ousted Romulus Augustulus and took possession of

3150-468: The former exarchate, however, had developed traditions of local secular power and independence, which contributed to the fragmenting localization of powers. Three centuries later, that independence would fuel the rise of the independent communes. The southern portions of the exarchate including the imperial possessions at Naples, Calabria, and Apulia were reorganized as the Catepanate of Italy headquartered in Bari . These territories were ultimately lost to

3213-515: The great imperial officials became local landowners, the lesser owners of land were increasingly kinsmen or at least associates of these officials, and new allegiances intruded on the sphere of imperial administration. Meanwhile, the necessity for providing for the defence of the imperial territories against the Lombards led to the formation of local militias, who at first were attached to the imperial regiments, but gradually became independent, as they were recruited entirely locally. These armed men formed

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3276-498: The hands of the Lombard king Aistulf . In 395 Theodosius I bequeathed the throne of the Roman Empire to his two sons: Arcadius was Emperor of the East; Honorius became Western Roman Emperor . The Roman Empire would never return to a single ruler. The Prefecture of Italy suffered the invasion of barbarians in the 5th century : the first to cross the Alps was Alaric , king of the Visigoths . He arrived in Aquileia in 401 and from there headed for Milan , which he besieged

3339-460: The long Gothic War. The local Byzantine forces were weak and, after taking several towns, in 569 the Lombards conquered Milan . They took Pavia after a three-year siege in 572 and made it their capital. In subsequent years, they took Tuscany . Other military initiatives led by Faroald and Zotto , penetrated into Central and Southern Italy , where they established the duchies of Spoleto and Benevento . However, after Alboin's murder in 573,

3402-433: The most cultivated fruits in the province are the Marrone of Combai, cherries, especially from the Hills of Asolo, and grapes. The most characteristic dessert is definitely the Tiramisù , which according to the tradition was prepared for the first time in the restaurant "Alle Beccherie". Other desserts that can be cited are the " Fregolotta " cake and seasonal desserts such as frittelle, crostoli and castagnole for Carnival,

3465-432: The perspective of Constantinople, the Exarchate consisted of the province of Italy. The Exarchate of Ravenna was not the sole Byzantine province in Italy. Byzantine Sicily formed a separate government, and Corsica and Sardinia , while they remained Byzantine, belonged to the Exarchate of Africa . The Lombards had their capital at Pavia and controlled the great valley of the Po . The Lombard wedge in Italy spread to

3528-451: The reconquest of the West and in particular Italy. On the peninsula the emperor began the long and bloody war against the Ostrogoths . In 540 Ravenna, capital of the Goths and seat of the prefecture, was reconquered and the Byzantines began to appoint their own prefects there. The long campaign ended only in 552-554 with the decisive expedition of the general Narses . On 13 August 554, with the promulgation in Constantinople by Justinian of

3591-489: The simple capon broth with tortellini, the bean soup and the sopa coada) can be mentioned. As for the main course, feathered game and poultry stand out: roasted guinea fowl with " pevarada " (a sauce made with liver and anchovy paste), boiled chicken, goose (often seasoned with celery), spit roasted duck and capon stew. There is also fresh-water fish and in particular eel, " bisatto " in dialect, fried or stewed with polenta, fresh-water shrimp, trout and codfish (in Treviso and in

3654-437: The south, and established duchies at Spoleto and Beneventum ; they controlled the interior, while Byzantine governors more or less controlled the coasts. Piedmont , Lombardy , the interior mainland of Venetia , Tuscany and the interior of Campania belonged to the Lombards, and bit by bit the Imperial representative in Italy lost all genuine power, though in name he controlled areas like Liguria (completely lost in 640 to

3717-577: The wars of Venice. In 1381 the city was given to the duke of Austria, and between 1384 and 1388 it was ruled by the despotic Carraresi. Having returned to Venice, the city was fortified and given a massive line of walls and ramparts, still existing; these were renewed in the following century under the direction of Fra Giocondo , two of the gates being built by the Lombardi. The many waterways were exploited with several waterwheels which mainly powered mills for milling grain produced locally. The waterways were all navigable and "barconi" would arrive from Venice at

3780-429: Was considered by many a meddlesome foreigner. Thus the exarch faced threats from outside as well as from within, hampering much real progress and development. In its internal history, the exarchate was subject to the splintering influences that were leading to the subdivision of sovereignty and the establishment of feudalism throughout Europe. Step by step, and in spite of the efforts of the emperors at Constantinople,

3843-405: Was divided into various military districts governed by duces or magistri militum dependent on the exarch of Italy, the military governor with full powers chosen by the emperor from among his generals or trusted officials to govern and defend the remaining territories italics. These districts gradually evolved into increasingly autonomous duchies. Starting from the second half of the 7th century,

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3906-432: Was especially important during the reign of the last Lombard king, Desiderius , and continued to churn out coins when northern Italy was annexed to the Frankish Empire . People from the city also played a role in the founding of Venice . Charlemagne made it the capital of a border march, i.e. the Marca Trevigiana , which lasted for several centuries. Treviso joined the Lombard League , and gained independence after

3969-435: Was spared by Attila the Hun , and thus, remained an important center during the 6th century. According to tradition, Treviso was the birthplace of Totila , the leader of Ostrogoths during the Gothic Wars . Immediately after the Gothic Wars, Treviso fell under the Byzantine Exarchate of Ravenna until 568 AD when it was taken by the Lombards , who made it one of 36 ducal seats and established an important mint. The latter

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