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45-464: Vionnaz has an area, as of 2009, of 20.9 square kilometers (8.1 sq mi). Of this area, 6.32 km (2.44 sq mi) or 30.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 11.45 km (4.42 sq mi) or 54.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 1.48 km (0.57 sq mi) or 7.1% is settled (buildings or roads), 0.24 km (0.093 sq mi) or 1.1% is either rivers or lakes and 1.46 km (0.56 sq mi) or 7.0%

90-665: A Bar Gules in the Chief a demi-Eagle Sable displayed addextré of the Sun-in-splendour and senestré of a Crescent Argent in the Base seven Towers three and four Gules (for Transylvania ); enté en point Gules a double-headed Eagle proper on a Peninsula Vert holding a Vase pouring Water into the Sea Argent beneath a Crown proper with bands Azure (for Fiume ); over all an escutcheon Barry of eight Gules and Argent impaling Gules on

135-668: A Mount Vert a Crown Or issuant therefrom a double-Cross Argent (for Hungary ) . The field of a shield in heraldry can be divided into more than one tincture , as can the various heraldic charges . Many coats of arms consist simply of a division of the field into two contrasting tinctures. These are considered divisions of a shield, so the rule of tincture can be ignored. For example, a shield divided azure and gules would be perfectly acceptable. A line of partition may be straight or it may be varied. The variations of partition lines can be wavy, indented, embattled, engrailed, nebuly , or made into myriad other forms; see Line (heraldry) . In

180-506: A chief undé and a saltire undé . Full descriptions of shields range in complexity, from a single word to a convoluted series describing compound shields: Quarterly I. Azure three Lions' Heads affronté Crowned Or (for Dalmatia ); II. chequy Argent and Gules (for Croatia ); III. Azure a River in Fess Gules bordered Argent thereon a Marten proper beneath a six-pointed star Or (for Slavonia ); IV. per Fess Azure and Or over all

225-478: A pattern of vertical (palewise) stripes is called paly . A pattern of diagonal stripes may be called bendy or bendy sinister , depending on the direction of the stripes. Other variations include chevrony , gyronny and chequy . Wave shaped stripes are termed undy . For further variations, these are sometimes combined to produce patterns of barry-bendy , paly-bendy , lozengy and fusilly . Semés, or patterns of repeated charges, are also considered variations of

270-478: A total of 617 apartments (45.3% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 717 apartments (52.6%) were seasonally occupied and 28 apartments (2.1%) were empty. As of 2009, the construction rate of new housing units was 9.7 new units per 1000 residents. The historical population is given in the following chart: The entire village of Vionnaz is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites . In

315-639: A verbal description) are not to be confused with the noun emblazonment , or the verb to emblazon , both of which relate to the graphic representation of a coat of arms or heraldic device. The word blazon is derived from French blason , ' shield ' . It is found in English by the end of the 14th century. Formerly, heraldic authorities believed that the word was related to the German verb blasen ' to blow (a horn) ' . Present-day lexicographers reject this theory as conjectural and disproved. Blazon

360-505: Is also the specialized language in which a blazon is written, and, as a verb, the act of writing such a description. Blazonry is the art, craft or practice of creating a blazon. The language employed in blazonry has its own vocabulary , grammar and syntax , which becomes essential for comprehension when blazoning a complex coat of arms. Other armorial objects and devices – such as badges , banners , and seals – may also be described in blazon. The noun and verb blazon (referring to

405-503: Is an important activity in promoting economic growth and development . Nations that export manufactured products tend to generate higher marginal GDP growth, which supports higher incomes and therefore marginal tax revenue needed to fund such government expenditures as health care and infrastructure . Among developed countries , it is an important source of well-paying jobs for the middle class (e.g., engineering) to facilitate greater social mobility for successive generations on

450-402: Is drawn with straight lines, but each may be indented, embattled, wavy, engrailed, or otherwise have their lines varied. A charge is any object or figure placed on a heraldic shield or on any other object of an armorial composition. Any object found in nature or technology may appear as a heraldic charge in armory. Charges can be animals, objects, or geometric shapes. Apart from the ordinaries,

495-401: Is four, but the principle has been extended to very large numbers of "quarters". The third common mode of marshalling is with an inescutcheon , a small shield placed in front of the main shield. The field of a shield, or less often a charge or crest, is sometimes made up of a pattern of colours, or variation . A pattern of horizontal (barwise) stripes, for example, is called barry , while

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540-412: Is generally designed to eliminate ambiguity of interpretation, to be as concise as possible, and to avoid repetition and extraneous punctuation. English antiquarian Charles Boutell stated in 1864: Heraldic language is most concise, and it is always minutely exact, definite, and explicit; all unnecessary words are omitted, and all repetitions are carefully avoided; and, at the same time, every detail

585-550: Is specified with absolute precision. The nomenclature is equally significant, and its aim is to combine definitive exactness with a brevity that is indeed laconic . However, John Brooke-Little , Norroy and Ulster King of Arms , wrote in 1985: "Although there are certain conventions as to how arms shall be blazoned ... many of the supposedly hard and fast rules laid down in heraldic manuals [including those by heralds] are often ignored." A given coat of arms may be drawn in many different ways, all considered equivalent and faithful to

630-478: Is to adhere to the feminine singular form, for example: a chief undée and a saltire undée , even though the French nouns chef and sautoir are in fact masculine. Efforts have been made to ignore grammatical correctness, for example by J. E. Cussans , who suggested that all French adjectives should be expressed in the masculine singular, without regard to the gender and number of the nouns they qualify, thus

675-402: Is unproductive land. Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 3.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.6%. Out of the forested land, 49.1% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 7.6% is used for growing crops and 4.2% is pastures, while 1.3% is used for orchards or vine crops and 17.0%

720-428: Is used for alpine pastures. All the water in the municipality is flowing water. Of the unproductive areas, 4.9% is unproductive vegetation and 2.1% is too rocky for vegetation. The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Quartered, Argent two bends Azure and Gules a Buck saliant Or. Vionnaz has a population (as of December 2020) of 2,753. As of 2008, 15.9% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over

765-634: The 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 42.62% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (22.64%), the SP (15.26%) and the FDP (10.66%). In the federal election, a total of 689 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.3%. In the 2009 Conseil d'Etat/Staatsrat election a total of 563 votes were cast, of which 37 or about 6.6% were invalid. The voter participation

810-434: The inescutcheon , the orle , the tressure, the double tressure, the bordure , the chief , the canton , the label , and flaunches . Ordinaries may appear in parallel series, in which case blazons in English give them different names such as pallets, bars, bendlets, and chevronels. French blazon makes no such distinction between these diminutives and the ordinaries when borne singly. Unless otherwise specified an ordinary

855-493: The secondary sector and there were 34 businesses in this sector. 266 people were employed in the tertiary sector , with 64 businesses in this sector. There were 753 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 39.2% of the workforce. In 2008 the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 760. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 31, of which 22 were in agriculture and 9 were in fishing or fisheries. The number of jobs in

900-431: The tertiary sector ). Many of these industries consume large quantities of energy, require factories and use machinery; they are often classified as light or heavy based on such quantities. This also produces waste materials and waste heat that may cause environmental problems or pollution (see negative externalities ). Examples include textile production , car manufacturing , and handicraft . Manufacturing

945-482: The French form is used, a problem may arise as to the appropriate adjectival ending, determined in normal French usage by gender and number. "To describe two hands as appaumées , because the word main is feminine in French, savours somewhat of pedantry. A person may be a good armorist, and a tolerable French scholar, and still be uncertain whether an escallop-shell covered with bezants should be blazoned as bezanté or bezantée". The usual convention in English heraldry

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990-417: The arms small and inconspicuous marks called brisures , similar to charges but smaller. They are placed on the fess-point , or in-chief in the case of the label. Brisures are generally exempt from the rule of tincture . One of the best examples of usage from the medieval period is shown on the seven Beauchamp cadets in the stained-glass windows of St Mary's Church , Warwick. Secondary sector of

1035-560: The blazon, just as the letter "A" may be printed in many different fonts while still being the same letter. For example, the shape of the escutcheon is almost always immaterial, with very limited exceptions (e.g., the coat of arms of Nunavut , for which a round shield is specified). The main conventions of blazon are as follows: Because heraldry developed at a time when English clerks wrote in Anglo-Norman French , many terms in English heraldry are of French origin. Some of

1080-399: The details of the syntax of blazon also follow French practice: thus, adjectives are normally placed after nouns rather than before. A number of heraldic adjectives may be given in either a French or an anglicised form: for example, a cross pattée or a cross patty ; a cross fitchée or a cross fitchy . In modern English blazons, the anglicised form tends to be preferred. Where

1125-470: The early days of heraldry, very simple bold rectilinear shapes were painted on shields. These could be easily recognized at a long distance and could be easily remembered. They therefore served the main purpose of heraldry: identification. As more complicated shields came into use, these bold shapes were set apart in a separate class as the "honorable ordinaries". They act as charges and are always written first in blazon. Unless otherwise specified they extend to

1170-512: The economy In macroeconomics , the secondary sector of the economy is an economic sector in the three-sector theory that describes the role of manufacturing . It encompasses industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction . This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector (i.e. raw materials like metals, wood) and creates finished goods suitable for sale to domestic businesses or consumers and for export (via distribution through

1215-490: The economy. Currently, an estimated 20% of the labor force in the United States is involved in the secondary industry. The secondary sector depends on the primary sector for the raw materials necessary for production. Countries that primarily produce agricultural and other raw materials (i.e., primary sector ) tend to grow slowly and remain either under-developed or developing economies . The value added through

1260-422: The edges of the field. Though ordinaries are not easily defined, they are generally described as including the cross , the fess , the pale , the bend , the chevron , the saltire , and the pall . There is a separate class of charges called sub-ordinaries which are of a geometrical shape subordinate to the ordinary. According to Friar, they are distinguished by their order in blazon. The sub-ordinaries include

1305-414: The field per pale and putting one whole coat in each half. Impalement replaced the earlier dimidiation  – combining the dexter half of one coat with the sinister half of another – because dimidiation can create ambiguity. A more versatile method is quartering , division of the field by both vertical and horizontal lines. As the name implies, the usual number of divisions

1350-405: The field. The Rule of tincture applies to all semés and variations of the field. Cadency is any systematic way to distinguish arms displayed by descendants of the holder of a coat of arms when those family members have not been granted arms in their own right. Cadency is necessary in heraldic systems in which a given design may be owned by only one person at any time, generally the head of

1395-470: The insurance or financial industry, 6 or 2.7% were technical professionals or scientists, 32 or 14.6% were in education and 7 or 3.2% were in health care. In 2000, there were 492 workers who commuted into the municipality and 499 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 1.0 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. About 12.0% of the workforce coming into Vionnaz are coming from outside Switzerland. Of

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1440-454: The last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of 36.2%. It has changed at a rate of 32.6% due to migration and at a rate of 4.5% due to births and deaths. Most of the population (as of 2000) speaks French (1,444 or 92.4%) as their first language, German is the second most common (56 or 3.6%) and Portuguese is the third (21 or 1.3%). There are 20 people who speak Italian and 2 people who speak Romansh . As of 2008,

1485-409: The left hind foot). Another frequent position is passant , or walking, like the lions of the coat of arms of England . Eagles are almost always shown with their wings spread, or displayed. A pair of wings conjoined is called a vol . In English heraldry the crescent , mullet , martlet , annulet , fleur-de-lis , and rose may be added to a shield to distinguish cadet branches of a family from

1530-420: The most frequent charges are the cross – with its hundreds of variations – and the lion and eagle . Other common animals are stags , wild boars , martlets , and fish . Dragons , bats , unicorns , griffins , and more exotic monsters appear as charges and as supporters . Animals are found in various stereotyped positions or attitudes . Quadrupeds can often be found rampant (standing on

1575-484: The municipality. Vionnaz is home to the Bibliothèque communale library. The library has (as of 2008) 11,481 books or other media, and loaned out 13,851 items in the same year. It was open a total of 124 days with average of 9 hours per week during that year. Blazon In heraldry and heraldic vexillology , a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms , flag or similar emblem , from which

1620-488: The population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education , and 147 or (9.4%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Haute école specialisée ). Of the 147 who completed tertiary schooling, 65.3% were Swiss men, 28.6% were Swiss women, 4.8% were non-Swiss men. As of 2000, there was one student in Vionnaz who came from another municipality, while 96 residents attended schools outside

1665-622: The population was 50.7% male and 49.3% female. The population was made up of 913 Swiss men (42.0% of the population) and 188 (8.7%) non-Swiss men. There were 919 Swiss women (42.3%) and 153 (7.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 610 or about 39.1% were born in Vionnaz and lived there in 2000. There were 282 or 18.1% who were born in the same canton, while 414 or 26.5% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 200 or 12.8% were born outside of Switzerland. As of 2000, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 24.5% of

1710-427: The population) who were Jewish , and 6 (or about 0.38% of the population) who were Islamic . There were 3 individuals who were Buddhist , 1 person who was Hindu and 1 individual who belonged to another church. 90 (or about 5.76% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist , and 61 individuals (or about 3.91% of the population) did not answer the question. In Vionnaz about 602 or (38.5%) of

1755-521: The population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.9%. As of 2000, there were 609 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 797 married individuals, 79 widows or widowers and 77 individuals who are divorced. As of 2000, there were 623 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 171 households that consist of only one person and 41 households with five or more people. In 2000,

1800-510: The reader can reconstruct the appropriate image. The verb to blazon means to create such a description. The visual depiction of a coat of arms or flag has traditionally had considerable latitude in design, but a verbal blazon specifies the essentially distinctive elements. A coat of arms or flag is therefore primarily defined not by a picture but rather by the wording of its blazon (though in modern usage flags are often additionally and more precisely defined using geometrical specifications). Blazon

1845-425: The secondary sector was 510 of which 339 or (66.5%) were in manufacturing and 170 (33.3%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 219. In the tertiary sector; 71 or 32.4% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 17 or 7.8% were in the movement and storage of goods, 34 or 15.5% were in a hotel or restaurant, 5 or 2.3% were in the information industry, 11 or 5.0% were

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1890-500: The senior line of a particular family. As an armiger 's arms may be used "by courtesy", either by children or spouses, while they are still living, some form of differencing may be required so as not to confuse them with the original undifferenced or "plain coat" arms. Historically, arms were only heritable by males and therefore cadency marks had no relevance to daughters; in the modern era, Canadian and Irish heraldry include daughters in cadency. These differences are formed by adding to

1935-417: The senior line. These cadency marks are usually shown smaller than normal charges, but it still does not follow that a shield containing such a charge belongs to a cadet branch. All of these charges occur frequently in basic undifferenced coats of arms. To marshal two or more coats of arms is to combine them in one shield. This can be done in a number of ways, of which the simplest is impalement : dividing

1980-561: The working population, 11.7% used public transportation to get to work, and 68.8% used a private car. From the 2000 census, 1,170 or 74.9% were Roman Catholic , while 217 or 13.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church . Of the rest of the population, there were 4 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.26% of the population), and there were 13 individuals (or about 0.83% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 2 individuals (or about 0.13% of

2025-494: Was 40.3%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 54.67%. In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 671 votes were cast, of which 58 or about 8.6% were invalid. The voter participation was 49.9%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 59.88%. As of  2010, Vionnaz had an unemployment rate of 4.3%. As of 2008, there were 45 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 14 businesses involved in this sector. 549 people were employed in

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