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81-402: Since 2007, an increasing number of cities throughout the state of São Paulo have hosted their own events under the name Virada Cultural Paulista . All of the activities in the state of São Paulo, including those in the capital, are sponsored by the state Secretary of Culture (Portuguese: Secretaria de Cultura ) and attract hundreds of thousands of visitors. The Virada Cultural was inspired by

162-455: A non-metropolitan district of the newly created shire county of Humberside. Humberside (and its county council ) was abolished on 1 April 1996 and Hull was made a unitary authority area . The single-tier local authority of the city is now Hull City Council (officially Kingston upon Hull City Council), headquartered in the Guildhall in the city centre. The council was designated as

243-490: A draw of about 100,000 citizens at six downtown districts. Santa Monica , California, hosted its first biannual all-night festival under the name of Glow, inspired by Nuit Blanche, on July 19 on the famous Santa Monica Pier , on the beach north and south of the Pier and in the nearby Palisades Park. Kingston upon Hull Kingston upon Hull , usually shortened to Hull , is a port city and unitary authority area in

324-401: A new flood defence scheme to protect homes and businesses, stretching 4 miles (6.4 km) from St Andrews Quay Retail Park to Victoria Dock , linking to other defences at Paull and Hessle . Started in 2016, it was completed in early 2021. The scheme was officially opened on 3 March 2022, by Rebecca Pow . At around 00:56 GMT on 27 February 2008, Hull was 30 miles (48 km) north of

405-570: A prominent part in the abolition of the slave trade in Britain. More than 95% of the city was damaged or destroyed in the blitz and suffered a period of post-industrial decline (social deprivation, education and policing). The destroyed areas of the city were rebuilt in the post–Second World War period. In the early 21st century spending boom before the late 2000s recession the city saw large amounts of new retail, commercial, housing and public service construction spending. The city offers

486-498: A torch and a sinister audio-guide that could not be trusted, and a 'Treasure Hunt' from the Institute for Crazy Dancing. The Treasure Hunt involved 200 audience members being led across the city and becoming a show in their own right, collecting white boiler suits and umbrellas en route, and dancing up and down Briggate , the main shopping street, with three shire horses, an ice cream van and the bagpipes of Leeds Pipe Band. Leeds

567-640: A variety of museums, art galleries, stunning architecture, and a thriving arts scene. Due to Hull's growing appeal as an outdoor film location, particularly for period dramas using the Old Town's historic streets and buildings, plans for a purpose-built film studio complex have been approved by Hull City Council. The £3m complex could open by the end of 2025. The city has earned the nickname "Hullywood" in recent years, after productions including The Crown , Enola Holmes 2 , The Personal History of David Copperfield , Victoria and Blitz have been filmed in

648-466: Is 36.9 °C (98.4 °F), set in July 2022. Typically, the warmest day should reach 28.8 °C (83.8 °F), though slightly over 10 days should achieve a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or more in an "average" year. All averages refer to the 1991–2020 period. The absolute minimum temperature is −11.1 °C (12.0 °F), recorded during January 1982. Winters are generally mild for

729-534: Is expected to be at increasing levels of risk from flooding due to global warming. Historically, Hull has been affected by tidal and storm flooding from the Humber; the last serious floods were in the 1950s, in 1953, 1954 and the winter of 1959. Many areas of Hull were flooded during the June 2007 United Kingdom floods , with 8,600 homes and 1,300 businesses affected. Further flooding occurred in 2013, resulting in

810-951: Is famous for fireworks and Scarlet Sails , a show celebrating the end of school year. Other festivals following this lead have arisen using names such as White Night, Light Nights or Nuit Blanche which may be held in the winter as opposed to the summer. Some cities use the French phrase Nuit blanche (or Nuits blanches , if the event is spread over more than one night). Some use the same words in their language: White Nights, La Notte Bianca ( Italian ), La Noche en Blanco ( Spanish ), Noaptea alba ( Romanian ), Nata e Bardhe ( Albanian ), Baltā Nakts in Latvian . Others invent their own names, such as Lejl Imdawwal ("Lit Night") in Maltese , Virada Cultural in São Paulo, Taiteiden yö (" Night of

891-550: Is known as Yorkshire's maritime city. The town of Wyke on Hull was founded late in the 12th century by the monks of Meaux Abbey as a port from which to export their wool. Renamed Kings-town upon Hull in 1299, Hull had been a market town , military supply port, trading centre, fishing and whaling centre and industrial metropolis. Hull was an early theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars . Its 18th-century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce , took

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972-577: Is part of the Humber Enterprise Zone . Although the fishing industry, including oilseed production, declined in the 1970s due to the Cod Wars , the city remains a busy port, handling 13 million tonnes of cargo per year. The port operations run by Associated British Ports and other companies in the port employ 5,000 people. A further 18,000 are employed as a direct result of the port's activities. The port freight railway line,

1053-562: Is the largest. The city is surrounded by the rural East Riding of Yorkshire. Some areas of Hull lie on reclaimed land at or below sea level. The Hull Tidal Surge Barrier is at the point where the River Hull joins the Humber Estuary and is lowered at times when unusually high tides are expected. It is used between 8 and 12 times per year and protects the homes of approximately 10,000 people from flooding. Due to its low level, Hull

1134-429: Is west of the River Hull and close to the Humber. The city is built upon alluvial and glacial deposits which overlie chalk rocks but the underlying chalk has no influence on the topography. The land within the city is generally very flat and is only 2 to 4 metres (6.5 to 13 ft) above sea level . Because of the relative flatness of the site there are few physical constraints upon building and many open areas are

1215-611: The Time Out list of the 15 best places to visit in the UK in 2024, with the guide commenting that the city has got "The Deep, an enormous aquarium with 3,000 species, a picturesque old town which survived the city's relentless WWII bombings, and lots of up and coming indie art galleries like Ground and Artlink. Don't sleep on Hull". In 2016, it was named as one of the top 10 cities in the world to visit by Rough Guides alongside cities such as Seoul, Vancouver, Amsterdam and Reykjavik. In 2017,

1296-499: The 2007 local elections , ending several years in which no single party had a majority. They retained control in the 2008 local elections by an increased majority and in the 2010 local elections . Following the UK's local elections of 2011 , the Labour Party gained control of the council, increasing their majority in the 2012 and retained this following the 2014 local elections . They increased their majority by one in

1377-399: The 2015 local elections , but lost it in the 2016 local elections . In the 2018 local elections all of the council was up for election following boundary changes that reduced the number of seats by 2. Labour retained control of the council but with a much reduced majority, while in the 2019 local elections there was no change to the make-up of the council. In the 2021 local elections

1458-742: The East Riding of Yorkshire , England. It lies upon the River Hull at its confluence with the Humber Estuary, 25 miles (40 km) inland from the North Sea and 37 miles (60 km) south-east of York , the historic county town . With a population of 268,852 (2022), it is the fourth-largest city in the Yorkshire and the Humber region after Leeds , Sheffield and Bradford . Hull has more than 800 years of seafaring history and

1539-551: The House of Commons and at the last general election, in 2019 , elected three Labour MPs: Emma Hardy , Diana Johnson and Karl Turner . William Wilberforce is the most celebrated of Hull's former MPs. He was a native of the city and the member for Hull from 1780 to 1784 when he was elected as an Independent member for Yorkshire . Kingston upon Hull is on the northern bank of the Humber Estuary . The city centre

1620-491: The Hull Docks Branch , operates 22 trains per day. In January 2011 Siemens Wind Power and Associated British Ports signed a memorandum of understanding concerning the construction of a wind turbine blade manufacturing plant at Alexander Dock. The plan would require some modification of the dock to allow the ships, used for transporting the wind turbine blades, to dock and be loaded. Planning applications for

1701-705: The Liberal Democrats gained a couple of seats but Labour retained control by just three seats. On 3 March 2022, Labour councillor Julia Conner defected to the Liberal Democrats, reducing the Labour majority to one. The Liberal Democrats won overall control of the City Council in the 2022 local elections to end ten years of Labour rule, increasing their majority in the 2023 local elections . The city returned three members of parliament to

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1782-636: The National Gallery of Victoria and the Australian Centre for the Moving Image featured free exhibitions and films for the public to attend. The fourth White Night, held on 20 February 2016 attracted an estimated 580,000 people. The 2017 event took place on 18 February whilst the 2018 event took place on the 17 February and attracted more than 600,000 people. Tel Aviv 's first Layla Lavan ( Hebrew for "White Night") festival

1863-475: The White Night festivals , like Paris's Nuit Blanche , which are held in a number of cities throughout the world. The first Virada Cultural Paulista was held on 19–20 May 2007 in ten cities across the state of São Paulo: Araraquara , Araçatuba , Ribeirão Preto , Sorocaba , São José dos Campos , São José do Rio Preto , Presidente Prudente , Santos, São Paulo , Campinas , and Bauru . By 2014,

1944-519: The ancient parishes of Hessle and North Ferriby , but was remote from either parish church. A chapel of ease dedicated to Holy Trinity was built to serve the part of the borough in Hessle parish; that church subsequently became Hull Minster . St Mary's Church similarly began as a chapel of ease for the part of the borough in North Ferriby parish. In 1440, a further charter incorporated

2025-558: The epicentre of an earthquake measuring 5.3 on the Richter Scale which lasted for nearly 10 seconds. This was an unusually large earthquake for this part of the world. Another notable quake occurred early in the morning of 10 June 2018. Located in Northern England , Hull has a temperate maritime climate which is dominated by the passage of mid-latitude depressions. The weather is very changeable from day to day and

2106-474: The old town (including its museum quarter) and the marina . Hull University was founded in 1927 and had over 16,000 students in 2022. Rugby league football teams include clubs Hull F.C. and Hull Kingston Rovers . The city's association football club is Hull City ( EFL Championship ). Hull RUFC and Hull Ionians both play in the National League 2 North of rugby union. The city came 2nd in

2187-455: The 1991 UK census, and has been officially estimated as 256,200 in July 2006. In 2001, approximately 53,000 people were aged under 16, 174,000 were aged 16–74, and 17,000 aged 75 and over. Of the total population 97.7% were white and the largest minority ethnic group was of 749 people who considered themselves to be ethnically Chinese. There were 3% of people living in Hull who were born outside

2268-522: The Baltic and the Low Countries were all key trading areas for Hull's merchants. In addition, there was trade with France, Spain and Portugal. Sir William de la Pole was the town's first mayor. A prosperous merchant, de la Pole founded a family that became prominent in government. Another successful son of a Hull trading family was bishop John Alcock , who founded Jesus College, Cambridge and

2349-651: The Boom, in Hull. After the decline of the whaling industry post the Second World War, emphasis shifted to deep-sea trawling until the Anglo-Icelandic Cod War of 1975–1976. The conditions set at the end of this dispute started Hull's economic decline. In 2017 Hull was awarded the title of 'City of Culture' by the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport. Within the city there

2430-586: The New World, with thousands of emigrants sailing to Hull and stopping for administrative purposes before travelling on to Liverpool and then North America. Parallel to this growth in passenger shipping was the emergence of the Wilson Line of Hull (which had been founded in 1825 by Thomas Wilson ). By the early 20th century, the company had grown – largely through its monopolisation of North Sea passenger routes and later mergers and acquisitions – to be

2511-400: The UK's worst performing authority in both 2004 and 2005, but in 2006 was rated as a two star 'improving adequate' council and in 2007 it retained its two stars with an 'improving well' status. In the 2008 corporate performance assessment the city retained its "improving well" status but was upgraded to a three star rating. The Liberal Democrats won overall control of the City Council in

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2592-600: The United Kingdom. In 2006, the largest minority ethnic grouping was Iraqi Kurds who were estimated at 3,000. Most of these people were placed in the city by the Home Office while their applications for asylum were being processed. In 2001, the city was 71.7% Christian. A further 18% of the population indicated they were of no religion while 8.4% did not specify any religious affiliation. Historically, minorities of many faiths and nationalities have lived around

2673-579: The White City. Tel Aviv's reputation as a party city made the festival an annual event, and municipal ordinances now allow businesses to remain open all night on the last Thursday in June. September 15, 2012 saw the inaugural Nuit Blanche take place in the western Canadian city of Calgary , Alberta . It was held in the downtown Olympic Plaza (Calgary) . Based on the Toronto and Montreal models of

2754-459: The ability to speak, seals take on human form, and elves emerge from the netherworld. In 2005, Rome 's Notte Bianca (English: White Night) was held in mid-September, and the guest star was Roberto Benigni . There were similar initiatives in other cities as well. In Naples it first took place at the end of October 2005 with numerous concerts (Baglioni, Pino Daniele, 99 Posse, Almamegretta, Stadio) and theatrical and cultural events. The attendance

2835-469: The advantageous situation of this hitherto neglected and obscure corner. He foresaw it might become subservient both to render the kingdom more secure against foreign invasion, and at the same time greatly to enforce its commerce". Pursuant to these thoughts, Craggs continues, Edward purchased the land from the Abbot of Meaux, had a manor hall built for himself, issued proclamations encouraging development within

2916-499: The area of the present city. The area was attractive to people because it gave access to a prosperous hinterland and navigable rivers but the site was poor, being remote, low-lying and with no fresh water. It was originally an outlying part of the hamlet of Myton, named Wyke. The name is thought to originate either from a Scandinavian word Vik meaning inlet or from the Saxon Wic meaning dwelling place or refuge. The River Hull

2997-697: The arts ") in Finland, and Kulturnatten ("Night of Culture") in Copenhagen. The British festivals are called Light night and began in Leeds , England in 2005 as part of the launch of the region-wide Illuminate Cultural Festival. In Leeds in October 2005, these 'unusual cultural events' included a string quartet playing at the top of the Town Hall clock tower, a tour round a pitch black church with only

3078-457: The break of September and October brings two big events to Košice, including international multi-genre festival White Night. The event focusing mainly on modern visual art – brought outside the traditional venues and into the streets of the eastern-Slovak metropolis. Following on from the success of the neighbouring White Night Melbourne, the regional Victorian city of Ballarat held its inaugural White Night festival on March 4, 2017. This marked

3159-417: The city centre was destroyed. Hull had 95% of its houses damaged or destroyed, making it the most severely bombed British city or town in terms of number of damaged or destroyed buildings, apart from London, during the Second World War. More than 1,200 people died in air raids on the city and some 3,000 others were injured. The worst of the bombing occurred in 1941. Little was known about this destruction by

3240-424: The city cooler than inland areas during summer. It is also one of the most northerly areas where the July average maximum temperature exceeds 21.5 °C (70.7 °F), although this appears to be very localised around the city. Flooding in June 2007 caused significant damage to areas of the city. Droughts and heatwaves also occur such as in 2003, 2006 and recently in 2018. The absolute maximum temperature recorded

3321-500: The city had a high proportion, at 6.2%, of people of working age who were unemployed, ranking 354th out of 376 local and unitary authorities within England and Wales . The distance travelled to work was less than 3 miles (4.8 km) for 64,578 out of 95,957 employed people. A further 18,031 travelled between 3.1 and 6.2 miles (5 and 10 km) to their place of employment. The number of people using public transport to get to work

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3402-496: The city was featured in The Sunday Times Best Places to Live Guide and in 2024 was named as one of the UK's most "up and coming" places to move to. Kingston upon Hull stands on the north bank of the Humber Estuary at the mouth of its tributary, the River Hull . The valley of the River Hull has been inhabited since the early Neolithic period but there is little evidence of a substantial settlement in

3483-656: The city. A senior council official has said that interest from the film industry was almost non-stop at the moment. In 2017, it was the UK City of Culture and hosted the Turner Prize at the city's Ferens Art Gallery . Other notable landmarks in the city are the Minster , the tidal surge barrier , the Paragon Interchange and The Deep Hull's award-winning aquarium. Areas of the town centre include

3564-601: The docks, Old Town and City Centre, coming in from European ports like Hamburg, aided by continental railways and steam-ships from the mid-1800s. Over 2 million passed through Hull between 1850 and 1914, on the way to a new life in America and elsewhere, but some planned or decided to stay. Dutch, Jews , Germans, Scandinavians and others were sometimes prominently involved in the life of the port city. They found opportunity but endured discrimination at times, such that these communities have now largely dispersed. Also in 2001,

3645-625: The event is partnered with the annual event in Amiens and sees the cities' arts venues, theatres, galleries and outdoor spaces play host to a wide selection of arts activities, shows, installations, tours and trails. In 2009, a British network of Light Night towns and cities was established. The summer solstice in Iceland is celebrated on the 24th of June, on the day of St. John the Baptist , when only three hours of modest darkness are experienced in

3726-435: The festival to more venues and locations, including Scots' Church where digital artist Alinta Krauth debuted her Colonise 3-D projection artwork exploring Australia's relationship with bats, and again in 2016 with her Cartology Apology, called one of the "gems of the night". Open from 7pm to 7am the following morning, the event featured music, dance, visual display, light show, and a variety of buskers. Art institutions such as

3807-456: The festival, and emphasizing the emergence of a prominent arts and cultural community in the city, the event drew over 10,000 visitors on limited resources. The 2012 edition featured 5 time-based performance art events. In 2014, the city's second Nuit Blanche Calgary took place on September 20, and featured 12 national and international artists showcasing various performance art events and creative installations. Held in 2007 and 2008, Looptopia

3888-582: The first Saturday after Canadian Thanksgiving . The festival is centred on Downtown Halifax and Spring Garden but also extends to the nearby North End . Numerous institutions and venues participate, including NSCAD University , The Khyber , Dalhousie University , the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia , the Halifax Central Library , as well as private galleries and businesses. More than 25,000 attended in 2014. Started in 2003, Montreal

3969-566: The first time that a White Night event took place in Regional Australia , and is one of the first White Nights to take place in a regional city globe-wide. The festival attracted an estimated 40,000 people. Program highlights included Carla O'Brien's "Neon Angel Wings", "More than 1 Nation", a projection art project featuring indigenous art on the former Bank of NSW building and the giant-scale puppet The White Night Messenger (by Melbourne-based team A Blanck Canvas) who swaggered through

4050-641: The form of several well-maintained buildings from the period, including Wilberforce House , now a museum documenting the life of William Wilberforce . During the English Civil War , Hull became strategically important because of the large arsenal located there. Very early in the war, on 11 January 1642, the king named the Earl of Newcastle governor of Hull while Parliament nominated Sir John Hotham and asked his son, Captain John Hotham, to secure

4131-537: The largest privately owned shipping company in the world, with over 100 ships sailing to different parts of the globe. The Wilson Line was sold to the Ellerman Lines – which itself was owned by Hull-born magnate (and the richest man in Britain at the time) Sir John Ellerman . Hull's prosperity peaked in the decades just before the First World War ; it was during this time, in 1897, that city status

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4212-472: The latitude with snow only occurring a couple of times a year on average and mostly only staying for a day or two before melting. It is frequently cloudy and the North Sea winds make it feel colder than it actually is. An average of 32.5 nights should report an air frost. Heavy snowfalls do occasionally occur such as in 2010. On 23 November 1981, during the record-breaking nationwide tornado outbreak , Hull

4293-668: The night". Attendance at this inaugural event was estimated by Toronto City Hall to have been 425,000 people; the following year almost doubled that, attracting 800,000 revelers. In 2008, Lima hosted a Noche en Blanco in mid-May, within the framework of cultural activities of the fifth Latin America, the Caribbean and the European Union Summit . The capital of South Korea threw its first nocturnal cultural festival, Seoul Open Night, in August that year, estimating

4374-573: The plant were submitted in December 2011, and affirmed in 2014, concerning 75-metre (246 ft) blades for the 6 MW offshore model. A 12.5-acre (5.1 ha) site waste-to-energy centre costing in the region of £150 million is also planned to be built by the Spencer Group. Announced in mid-2011, and named 'Energy Works', the proposed plant would process up to 200,000 tonnes of organic material per year, with energy produced via

4455-486: The public to examine its significance and impact on public space. It is a free event that encourages celebration and community engagement. In 2006, Nuit Blanche was launched in Toronto, Ontario , Canada. Christophe Girard, Deputy Mayor of Paris, who instituted the Parisian Nuit Blanche in 2002, traveled there to help launch the event, praising its citizens for their love of "the magic and the mysteries of

4536-407: The region of Reykjavík . It is called Jónsmessa , and it is celebrated in small groups of family or friends around bonfires. It is however not as popular as it was before, and most people don't take any part of it, although some people hold on to it. Icelandic folk stories say that on this day all of nature is thought to work in an unusual way, with rocks and herbs gaining magical powers, cows gaining

4617-415: The rest of the country at the time, since most of the radio and newspaper reports did not reveal Hull by name but referred to it as "a North-East town" or "a northern coastal town". Most of the city centre was rebuilt in the years following the war. As recently as 2006 researchers found documents in the local archives that suggested a non-exploded wartime bomb might be buried beneath a major new redevelopment,

4698-400: The south and east the advancing suburbs had already reached it. The four villages were, nevertheless, distinct communities, of a largely rural character, until their absorption in the borough—Drypool and Sculcoates in 1837, Marfleet in 1882, and Sutton in 1929. The current boundaries of the city are tightly drawn and exclude many of the metropolitan area 's nearby villages, of which Cottingham

4779-402: The statewide event had grown to include events in 31 municipalities over the course of two weekends (24–25 May and 31 May–1 June 2014) with a combined total estimated attendance of 1.4 million people. This Brazilian arts article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . White Night festivals The White Nights are all-night arts festivals held in many cities in

4860-419: The streets sharing his message of love and compassion and Luke Parker's "Ballarat from above" Drone photography showcase White Night Ballarat runs from 7pm to 7am. Melbourne , Australia, held its inaugural White Night festival on 23 February 2013. An estimated crowd of more than 300,000 people attended. The second, on 22 February 2014 drew an estimated 500,000 people. The third White Night in 2015, expanded

4941-401: The subject of pressures to build. The parishes of Drypool , Marfleet , Sculcoates , and most of Sutton parish, were absorbed within the borough of Hull in the 19th and 20th centuries. Much of their area has been built over, and socially and economically they have long been inseparable from the city. Only Sutton retained a recognisable village centre in the late 20th century, but on

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5022-709: The summer. The original festival is the White Nights Festival held in Saint Petersburg , Russia . The white nights is the name given in areas of high latitude to the weeks around the summer solstice in June during which sunsets are late, sunrises are early and darkness is never complete. In Saint Petersburg, the Sun does not set until after 10 p.m., and the twilight lasts almost all night. The White Nights Festival in Saint Petersburg

5103-485: The town and instituted local government consisting of a mayor, a sheriff and twelve aldermen . In his Guide to Hull (1817) , J. C. Craggs provides a colourful background to Edward's acquisition and naming of the town. He writes that the King and a hunting party started a hare which "led them along the delightful banks of the River Hull to the hamlet of Wyke ... [Edward], charmed with the scene before him, viewed with delight

5184-571: The town at once. Sir John Hotham and Hull corporation declared support for Parliament and denied Charles I entry into the town. Charles I responded to these events by besieging the town . This siege helped precipitate open conflict between the forces of Parliament and those of the Royalists . After the Civil War, docks were built along the route of the town walls , which were demolished. The first dock (1778, renamed Queen's Dock in 1854)

5265-694: The town, and bestowed upon it the royal appellation, King's Town . The port served as a base for Edward I during the First War of Scottish Independence and later developed into the foremost port on the east coast of England. It prospered by exporting wool and woollen cloth, and importing wine and timber. Hull also established a flourishing commerce with the Baltic ports of the Hanseatic League . From its medieval beginnings, Hull's main trading links were with Scotland and northern Europe. Scandinavia,

5346-614: The warming influence of the Gulf Stream makes the region mild for its latitude. Locally, the area is sunnier than most areas this far north in the British Isles, and also considerably drier, due to the rain shadowing effect of the Pennines. It is somewhat warmer than west coast areas at a similar latitude such as Liverpool in summer due to stronger shielding from maritime air but also colder in winter and North Sea breezes keep

5427-404: The world. Docks were opened to serve the frozen meat trade of Australia, New Zealand and South America. Hull was also the centre of a thriving inland and coastal trading network, serving the whole of the United Kingdom. Throughout the second half of the 19th century and leading up to the First World War, the Port of Hull played a major role in the emigration of Northern European settlers to

5508-418: Was 12,915 while the number travelling by car was 53,443. Men in the University ward had the fourth lowest life expectancy at birth, 69.4 years, of any ward in England and Wales in 2016. The traditional industries of Hull are seafaring (whaling and later seafishing) and later heavy industry which both have since declined in the city. Companies BP and Reckitt Benckiser , have facilities in Hull. The city

5589-411: Was a good haven for shipping, whose trade included the export of wool from Meaux Abbey , which owned Myton. In 1293, the town of Wyke was acquired from the abbey by King Edward I, who, on 1 April 1299, granted it a royal charter that renamed the settlement King's town upon Hull or Kingston upon Hull. The charter is preserved in the archives of the Guildhall . When first created, the borough straddled

5670-401: Was a patron of the grammar school in Hull. The increase in trade after the discovery of the Americas and the town's maritime connections are thought to have played a part in the introduction of a virulent strain of syphilis through Hull and on into Europe from the New World . The town prospered during the 16th and early 17th centuries, and Hull's affluence at this time is preserved in

5751-427: Was a series of festivals in public spaces to promote the city and its newly given title. At the start of the year there was a huge firework display attracting a crowd of 25,000. Following the Local Government Act 1888 , Hull became a county borough , a local government district independent of the East Riding of Yorkshire. This district was dissolved under the Local Government Act 1972 , on 1 April 1974 when it became

5832-457: Was built in the area occupied by Beverley and North gates, and the intermediate walls, which were demolished, a second dock ( Humber Dock , 1809) was built on the land between Hessle and Myton gates, and a third dock between the two was opened 1829 as Junction Dock (later Prince's Dock ). Whaling played a major role in the town's fortunes until the mid-19th century. As sail power gave way to steam, Hull's trading links extended throughout

5913-473: Was granted. Many of the suburban areas on the western side of Hull were built in the 1930s, particularly Willerby Road and Anlaby Park, as well as most of Willerby itself. The city's port and industrial facilities, coupled with its proximity to mainland Europe and ease of location being on a major estuary, led to extremely widespread damage by bombing raids during the Second World War ; much of

5994-576: Was held in 2003, to mark UNESCO's awarding of World Heritage status to the White City , Tel Aviv's internationally renowned collection of over 4,000 Bauhaus or International-style buildings constructed in the 1930s by German Jewish architects who immigrated to the British Mandate of Palestine after the rise of the Nazis . A White Nights Festival seemed an appropriate way to celebrate

6075-401: Was joined by Bradford , Sheffield , York and Hull for Light Night 2006. Several other major cities across the country including Birmingham hosted Light Night events in 2008. This has spread even further in 2009 and includes Belfast , Liverpool and Nottingham . Brighton and Hove launched an official partner event 'White Night' in 2008. Produced by Brighton and Hove Arts Commission,

6156-720: Was offered in public spaces, while many universities , museums , restaurants , parks and tourist attractions in the loop remained open throughout the night or offered extended hours. It was the first event of its type held in Chicago or the United States . The 2007 event drew an estimated 200,000 attendees, twice the number that organizers expected, which led to logistical problems like lack of sanitation facilities. The inaugural Nocturne Festival took place in Halifax, Nova Scotia in 2008. It has since been held every year on

6237-634: Was open for display. The first city outside of Russia to host such a festival was apparently Paris, which has had its famous Nuit Blanche festival since 2001, when it was started by mayor Bertrand Delanoë . In Finland a Night of the Arts (Finnish: Taiteiden yö, Swedish: Konstens natt) is an annual event held in several major cities in late August. First Night of the Arts was held in 1989 in Helsinki. Many other cities have followed. (Listed in chronological order) Slovakia Košice The weekend at

6318-442: Was struck by two tornadoes which passed through, and caused damage to residential buildings across the north-eastern suburbs of Hull and uprooted trees. According to the 2001 UK census , Hull had a population of 243,589 living in 104,288 households. The population density was 34.1 per hectare. Of the total number of homes 47.85% were rented compared with a national figure of 31.38% rented. The population had declined by 7.5% since

6399-560: Was the first Canadian city to adopt the Nuit blanche concept. The event is the finale of the week-long Montreal High Lights Festival. Luminaria is San Antonio's adaptation of “White Nights”, originally conceived in Paris, France in 2002, in an attempt to bring contemporary art to the masses in public spaces. “White Nights” is a 12-hour event with a goal of making contemporary art accessible to large audiences, while inspiring dialogue and engaging

6480-523: Was the first event of its type held in the United States . Looptopia was a dusk-to-dawn cultural event that was held in 2007 and 2008 in the city of Chicago . Billed as "Chicago's White Night", Looptopia was modeled after Nuit Blanche held annually in Paris . It premiered on the evening of May 11 through the morning May 12, 2007 in Chicago's central business district, the Loop . A wide range of entertainment

6561-562: Was twice the population of Naples itself. Other Italian Notti Bianche took place in Genoa , Turin , Reggio Calabria , Catanzaro and Pescara . 2006 also saw the first Notte Bianca (White Night) in Malta , in the capital city of Valletta . Later on this was given a name in Maltese, Lejl Imdawwal (Lit Night) Throughout the fortified city, shops remained open. The Co-Cathedral of St. John

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