Komi ( коми кыв , komi kyv ), also known as Zyran , Zyrian or Komi-Zyryan ( зыран коми кыв , zyran komi kyv ), is the native language of the Komi (Zyrians). It is one of the Permian languages ; the other regional variety is Komi-Permyak .
12-765: The Virgin Komi Forests ( Komi : Комилӧн вӧрзьӧдлытӧм вӧръяс , Russian : Де́вственные леса́ Ко́ми ) is a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Northern Ural Mountains of the Komi Republic , Russia . At 32,800 km it is the largest virgin forest in Europe . The Virgin Komi Forests belong to the Ural Mountains taiga ecoregion . Dominant tree species include Siberian Spruce , Siberian Fir and Siberian Larch , while
24-626: A subject–object–verb order. Most modern texts, however, possess a subject-verb-object word order, due to heavy Russian language influence and the resulting calques . The following sample text displays the Anbur , Cyrillic (modern) and Latin lyrical text from the Komi-Zyryan folk song "Kačaśinjas" ( Daisies ). The first verse of the song and the refrain, as written in the Anbur Script: The second verse and refrain, as written in
36-609: A French company ( HUET Holding ). However, conservation threats remain, illegal logging and gold-mining in particular. Deposits of gold in the northern part of the Yugyd-Va National Park were to be mined prior to 1995. Despite the area's recognition as a World Heritage site, attempts at extracting gold are being actively lobbied by the Head of the Republic and Komi's Ministry of Nature. Komi language Komi
48-477: Is absent in the modern Komi language. U u A a Letters particular to the Molodtsov alphabet include ԁ , ԃ , ԅ , ԇ , ԉ , ԋ , ԍ , ԏ , most of which represent palatalized consonants. There are no diphthongs, although vowel sequences can occur at morpheme boundaries. The phoneme /ɨ/ is phonetically [ɯ̈] , and /a/ is phonetically [ä] . There is noticeable positional allophony, depending on
60-460: Is spoken in the Komi Republic and other parts of Russia such as Nenetsia and Yamalia . There were 285,000 speakers in 1994, which decreased to 160,000 in 2010. It was formerly written in the Old Permic script created by Stephen of Perm for liturgical purposes in the 14th century, though very few texts exist in this script. The Cyrillic script was introduced by Russian missionaries in
72-400: The 17th century, replacing it. A tradition of secular works of literature in the modern form of the language dates back to the 19th century. Komi has ten dialects: Syktyvkardin ( Sysola ), Lower Ežva (Vychegda), Central Ežva (Vychegda), Upper Ežva (Vychegda), Luz-let, Upper Sysola , Pećöra , Iźva , Vym , and Udora dialects. Syktyvkardin is spoken in the region of Syktyvkar and forms
84-699: The 1920s, the language was written in the Molodtsov alphabet , which also derived from Cyrillic. In the 1930s, during the Latinisation in the Soviet Union , Komi was briefly written with a version of the Latin script . Since the 1940s it uses the Russian-based Cyrillic alphabet with the additional letters І , і and Ӧ , ӧ . Ԃ ԃ O o Ԅ ԅ Ԉ ԉ Ԋ ԋ - - /ɔ/ "open o" Ԍ ԍ Ԏ ԏ 𐍔 - - /ɛ/ "open e" Open "e"
96-488: The model for the generic standard dialect of the language. Dialects are divided based primarily on their use of /v/ and /l/ : The start of the change date to the 17th century. It is not seen in the oldest Komi texts from the 14th century, nor in loanwords from Komi to Khanty , dated to the 16th; though it fully occurred before Russian loanwords that entered the language in the 18th century as /l/ remains unchanged in these. Some dialects are further distinguished based on
108-409: The most prominent mammals are the reindeer , the sable , the mink and the hare . The site corresponds to Russia's Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve and Yugyd Va National Park . Its World Heritage Site status was recognised in 1995, making it the first natural World Heritage Site in the country. This recognition brought the site additional funding from abroad and saved it from imminent logging by
120-407: The palatalized alveolars /dʲ tʲ/ , which have unpacked in syllable-final position as clusters /jd jt/ . The Old Permic script is the first writing system for Komi. It was invented in the 14th century by the missionary Stephen of Perm . The alphabet resembled medieval Greek and Cyrillic . The script was also known as Anbur (Komi: 𐍐𐍝𐍑𐍣𐍠 , Анбур), named for the first 2 letters of
132-580: The script, " an " & " bur " (𐍐 & 𐍑, respectively). It is no longer in use today, though it has received Unicode Support as "Old Permic" in recent times. The script saw use in Komi-inhabited areas, primarily the Principality of Great Perm and parts of Bjarmaland . In the 16th century, this alphabet was replaced by the Russian alphabet with certain modifications for affricates. In
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#1732779722070144-399: The surrounding consonants, however no allophone overlaps with another vowel phoneme. Komi has 17 cases, with a rich inventory of locative cases. Like other Uralic languages, Komi has no gender. Verbs agree with subjects in person and number (sg/pl). Negation is expressed with an auxiliary verb, which is inflected for person, number and tense. Komi is an agglutinative language and adheres to
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