The executive , also referred to as the juditian or executive power , is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes the key decisions and holds power.
23-465: The attorney general of Virginia is an elected constitutional position that holds an executive office in the government of Virginia . Attorneys general are elected for a four-year term in the year following a presidential election . There are no term limits restricting the number of terms someone can serve as attorney general. In the Colony of Virginia , attorneys general were typically appointed by
46-486: A leader or leader of an office or multiple offices. Specifically, the top leadership roles of the executive branch may include: In a presidential system , the leader of the executive is both the head of state and government. In some cases, such as South Korea , there is a Prime Minister who assists the President, but who is not the head of government. In a parliamentary system , a cabinet minister responsible to
69-690: A member of the public service to comply with an order of the House of Commons to share certain documents with the Commons, and the public servant refused to do so. The federal government announced that it would challenge the Speaker's ruling in the Federal Court, but dropped the lawsuit in August when Parliament was dissolved for a federal election . The Danish government relies on the confidence of
92-610: A model known alternatively as a semi-presidential system or 'mixed presidential-parliamentary' system, which exists somewhere between parliamentary democracies and presidential democracies . Israel has a Westminster-derived parliamentary system, in which the Government is generally made up of members of the Knesset , Israel's parliament. It is legally possible in Israel to appoint ministers who are not members of Knesset, but that
115-520: A result of political evolution in the United Kingdom over many centuries, as the powers of the monarch became constrained by Parliament . The term fusion of powers itself is believed to have been coined by the British constitutional expert Walter Bagehot . Australia has a partially Westminster-derived parliamentary system in which the executive branch is entirely composed of members of
138-577: Is the state's first Latino attorney general. The position of attorney general is established by Article V, Section 15 of the Constitution of Virginia , and they are elected for four years and serve concurrently with the governor . All candidates for attorney general must be at least thirty years old, a citizen of the United States, and have the same qualifications required of a Virginia Circuit Court judge. The attorney general represents
161-522: Is usually not done. By law, the Prime Minister and Deputy Prime Minister must be members of Knesset. The parliamentary system in Sweden has since its new constitution in 1974 instituted a fusion of powers whereby the principle of "popular sovereignty" serves as the guiding light of principle of government and forms the first line of the constitution. The United Kingdom is generally considered
184-563: The Government and the House of Commons cannot be at odds for more than a few weeks at a time. If they differ on any matter of importance, then, promptly, there is either a new government or a new House of Commons." However, the two branches have distinct roles, and in certain instances can come into conflict with each other. For example, in June 2021, the Speaker of the House of Commons directed
207-412: The United Kingdom , the executive forms the government, and its members generally belong to the political party that controls the legislature. Since the executive requires the support and approval of the legislature, the two bodies are "fused" together, rather than being independent. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty means powers possessed by the executive are solely dependent on those granted by
230-407: The king of England , with vacancies in the office filled by the appointment of the colonial governor or lieutenant governor, sometimes in consultation with the governor's council. The Virginia Constitution of 1851 provided for the popular election of the attorney general. Mary Sue Terry , sworn in in 1986, was Virginia's first female attorney general. Jason Miyares , sworn in on January 15, 2022,
253-401: The legislature is the head of government, while the head of state is usually a largely ceremonial monarch or president. Fusion of power List of forms of government Fusion of powers is a feature of some parliamentary forms of government where different branches of government are intermingled or fused, typically the executive and legislative branches. It is contrasted with
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#1732780777525276-443: The separation of powers found in presidential , semi-presidential and dualistic parliamentary forms of government, where the membership of the legislative and executive powers cannot overlap. Fusion of powers exists in many, if not a majority of, parliamentary democracies, and does so by design. However, in all modern democratic polities the judiciary does not possess legislative or executive powers. The system first arose as
299-614: The 1851 constitution, vacancies would be filled by the General Assembly, if they were in session, or by the governor. Tucker served as the attorney general of Confederate Virginia throughout the Civil War . Wheat and Bowden served as the attorneys general for Restored Government of Virginia . From 1865 to 1870, the commanding general of the military district of Virginia appointed the office. Executive (government) The scope of executive power varies greatly depending on
322-478: The Virginia General Assembly and other state officials. The attorney general can be impeached and removed from office by the Virginia General Assembly. The office of attorney general is led by the attorney general. Under them serve a chief deputy attorney general, four deputy attorneys general, and various other legal and support staff. Records of this period are sparse. The attorney general
345-450: The hands of a single person or group. To achieve this, each branch is subject to checks by the other two; in general, the role of the legislature is to pass laws, which are then enforced by the executive, and interpreted by the judiciary . The executive can also be the source of certain types of law or law-derived rules, such as a decree or executive order . In those that use fusion of powers , typically parliamentary systems , such as
368-481: The legal interests of the people of Virginia and agencies and boards of the state's government. By law, the attorney general must represent the state and its constituent agencies unless it is impractical to do so, in which case private legal representation may be contracted to serve in their place. They are responsible for aiding investigative activities into certain criminal activities, enforcing certain laws, and providing official advice on questions of law to members of
391-576: The legislative branch. Government ministers are required to be members of parliament—but the federal judiciary strictly guards its independence from the other two branches. Canada, like other parliamentary countries using the Westminster system , has a fusion between the executive and the legislative branches, with the Prime Minister and other Cabinet ministers being members of Parliament. Senator Eugene Forsey of Canada remarked that "in Canada,
414-411: The legislature can express its lack of confidence in the executive, which causes either a change in governing party or group of parties or a general election. Parliamentary systems have a head of government (who leads the executive, often called ministers ) normally distinct from the head of state (who continues through governmental and electoral changes). In the Westminster type of parliamentary system ,
437-471: The legislature, which can also subject its actions to judicial review. However, the executive often has wide-ranging powers stemming from the control of the government bureaucracy , especially in the areas of overall economic or foreign policy . In parliamentary systems, the executive is responsible to the elected legislature, which must maintain the confidence of the legislature or one part of it, if bicameral. In certain circumstances (varying by state),
460-429: The parliament, Folketinget , to stay in power. If there is a successful motion of no confidence against the government, it collapses and either a new government is formed or new elections are called. The executive branch thus relies on the legislative branch. The current French Fifth Republic provides an example of the fusion of powers from a country that does not follow the Westminster system . Rather France follows
483-516: The political context in which it emerges, and it can change over time in a given country. In democratic countries, the executive often exercises broad influence over national politics, though limitations are often applied to the executive. In political systems based on the separation of powers , such as the United States of America , government authority is distributed between several branches in order to prevent power being concentrated in
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#1732780777525506-419: The principle of separation of powers is not as entrenched as in some others. Members of the executive ( ministers ), are also members of the legislature, and hence play an important part in both the writing and enforcing of law. In presidential systems , the directly elected head of government appoints the ministers. The ministers can be directly elected by the voters. In this context, the executive consists of
529-486: Was appointed by the King, a combination of the governor and council, or the governor or acting governor. There was no term of office, and the office may have been vacant for extended periods. From 1776 to 1851, the attorney general was elected by the General Assembly, or, in case of vacancy, appointed by the governor for an undefined term. The Virginia Constitution of 1851 introduced popular election and four-year terms. After
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