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76-475: Vredehoek ( Afrikaans : "peace corner", Afrikaans: [frɪədəhuk] ) is a residential suburb of Cape Town , South Africa , located at the foot of Table Mountain and Devil's Peak . It is sandwiched between the two neighbouring suburbs of Oranjezicht and Devil's Peak Estate , the latter of which is often considered a sub-suburb of Vredehoek as they both fall under the neighbourhood watch community called DPV - Devil's Peak & Vredehoek. The suburb

152-611: A Jewish pre-primary, primary and High School under United Herzlia Schools . Meyer Hirsch Goldschmidt assisted in the founding of Herzlia School (originally United Hebrew Schools in Hope Street, Gardens) before moving to its present location in Vredehoek to accommodate a larger student intake. Therefore, M.H. Goldschmidt Avenue which leads up to the Herzlia Schools was named in his memory. Rabbi Barry Marcus MBE ,

228-639: A Rabbi of the Central Synagogue, Great Portland Street in London , was raised in Vredehoek, attended Herzlia School and taught Hebrew there. Afrikaans Afrikaans ( / ˌ æ f r ɪ ˈ k ɑː n s / AF -rih- KAHNSS , / ˌ ɑː f -, - ˈ k ɑː n z / AHF -, -⁠ KAHNZ ) is a West Germanic language , spoken in South Africa , Namibia and (to a lesser extent) Botswana , Zambia and Zimbabwe . It evolved from

304-461: A decreasing number of first language Afrikaans speakers in South Africa from 13.5% in 2011 to 10.6% in 2022. The South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) projects that a growing majority of Afrikaans speakers will be Coloured . Afrikaans speakers experience higher employment rates than other South African language groups, though as of 2012 half a million were unemployed. Despite

380-417: A hill or mountain, and are often used when an ore body is located inside the mountain but above the adjacent valley floor or coastal plain. In cases where the mineral vein outcrops at the surface, the adit may follow the lode or vein until it is worked out, in which case the adit is rarely straight. The use of adits for the extraction of ore is generally called drift mining . Adits can only be driven into

456-428: A mine where the local topography permits. There will be no opportunity to drive an adit to a mine situated on a large flat plain, for instance. Also if the ground is weak, the cost of shoring up a long adit may outweigh its possible advantages. Access to a mine by adit has many advantages over the vertical access shafts used in shaft mining . Less energy is required to transport miners and heavy equipment into and out of

532-575: A national, but not official, language. There is a much smaller number of Afrikaans speakers among Zimbabwe's white minority, as most have left the country since 1980. Afrikaans was also a medium of instruction for schools in Bophuthatswana , an Apartheid-era Bantustan . Eldoret in Kenya was founded by Afrikaners. There are also around 30.000 South-Africans in the Netherlands , of which

608-622: A second language. It is widely taught in South African schools, with about 10.3 million second-language students. Afrikaans is offered at many universities outside South Africa, including in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Poland, Russia and the United States. In Afrikaans grammar, there is no distinction between the infinitive and present forms of verbs, with the exception of the verbs 'to be' and 'to have'. In addition, verbs do not conjugate differently depending on

684-517: A single negation. Certain words in Afrikaans would be contracted. For example, moet nie , which literally means 'must not', usually becomes moenie ; although one does not have to write or say it like this, virtually all Afrikaans speakers will change the two words to moenie in the same way as do not is contracted to don't in English. Adit Adits are driven into the side of

760-505: A thousand residents with panoramic views of the mountain, city and sea. In 2004, Wallpaper listed Disa Park as one of the best buildings in Cape Town, however, the local response to the towers was almost instantly negative when they were completed in late 1969. The concrete facade, the political and social circumstance, and rumours of corruption were all criticised but the imposing height was considered particularly controversial. Though

836-515: Is "a pure and proper language" for religious purposes, especially among the deeply Calvinist Afrikaans religious community that previously had been sceptical of a Bible translation that varied from the Dutch version that they were used to. In 1983 a fresh translation marked the 50th anniversary of the 1933 version. The final editing of this edition was done by E. P. Groenewald, A. H. van Zyl, P. A. Verhoef, J. L. Helberg and W. Kempen. This translation

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912-553: Is a groundswell movement within Afrikaans to be inclusive, and to promote itself along with the indigenous official languages. In Namibia, the percentage of Afrikaans speakers declined from 11.4% (2001 Census) to 10.4% (2011 Census). The major concentrations are in Hardap (41.0%), ǁKaras (36.1%), Erongo (20.5%), Khomas (18.5%), Omaheke (10.0%), Otjozondjupa (9.4%), Kunene (4.2%), and Oshikoto (2.3%). Some native speakers of Bantu languages and English also speak Afrikaans as

988-514: Is a remnant of past tin mining in the area. Officially called the "Murray and Stewart Quarry" and more commonly, the Vredehoek Quarry, it is a popular place for people to visit with dogs or to see the fish that inhabit the quarry waters. Mining started in 1911 and in 1912 The Cape Argus reported that cassiterite was being fetched out of a 180-foot deep shaft via an adit . Mining was being carried out by an estimated 100 men employed by

1064-657: Is about ten miles (16 km) long. Other examples are the Great County Adit in Cornwall, a 40-mile (64 km)-long network of adits that used to drain the whole Gwennap mining area, and the 3.9 miles (6.3 km) Sutro Tunnel at the Comstock Lode in Virginia City , Nevada . A side benefit of driving such extensive adits is that previously unknown ore-bodies can be discovered, helping finance

1140-526: Is absent from the other West Germanic standard languages. For example: Both French and San origins have been suggested for double negation in Afrikaans. While double negation is still found in Low Franconian dialects in West Flanders and in some "isolated" villages in the centre of the Netherlands (such as Garderen ), it takes a different form, which is not found in Afrikaans. The following

1216-675: Is also considered when deciding whether to extinguish. During Winter 2023, high rainfall caused damage to the surrounding Table Mountain area and caused a sink hole and fallen tree in Deer Park. In 2011, the City of Cape Town census counted 5,415 people living in the area. Vredehoek is popular among dual income households yet to have children, and the suburb has been going through an urban revival as older blocks of flats are being replaced with apartments. Vredehoek, Gardens and Sea Point have traditionally attracted Jewish communities. During

1292-475: Is an example: Compare with Ek wil dit nie doen nie , which changes the meaning to 'I want not to do this'. Whereas Ek wil nie dit doen nie emphasizes a lack of desire to act, Ek wil dit nie doen nie emphasizes the act itself. The -ne was the Middle Dutch way to negate but it has been suggested that since -ne became highly non-voiced, nie or niet was needed to complement

1368-419: Is defined by the deepest open adit which is known as the "drainage adit". The term mine drainage tunnel is also common, at least in the United States. Workings above this level (known as "above adit") will remain unflooded as long as the adit does not become blocked. All mine workings below both the drainage adit ("below adit") and the water table will flood unless mechanical means are used for drainage. Until

1444-474: Is easily recognised by the three cylindrical Disa Park towers, many Art Deco -style buildings, and the natural beauty of public green spaces and parks. In 2011, the City of Cape Town census counted 5,415 people living in the area. It is served by route 111 and 101 of the MyCiTi bus service. The suburb was proclaimed after the first world war, where immigrants from many European countries settled after peace

1520-569: Is neither a creole nor a direct descendant of Dutch, but a fusion of two transmission pathways. Most of the first settlers whose descendants today are the Afrikaners were from the United Provinces (now Netherlands), with up to one-sixth of the community of French Huguenot origin, and a seventh from Germany. African and Asian workers, Cape Coloured children of European settlers and Khoikhoi women, and slaves contributed to

1596-537: Is seen as the dawn of a new era in Afrikaans cinema. Several short films have been created and more feature-length movies, such as Poena Is Koning and Bakgat (both in 2008) have been produced, besides the 2011 Afrikaans-language film Skoonheid , which was the first Afrikaans film to screen at the Cannes Film Festival . The film Platteland was also released in 2011. The Afrikaans film industry started gaining international recognition via

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1672-405: The -ne . With time the -ne disappeared in most Dutch dialects. The double negative construction has been fully grammaticalised in standard Afrikaans and its proper use follows a set of fairly complex rules as the examples below show: A notable exception to this is the use of the negating grammar form that coincides with negating the English present participle . In this case there is only

1748-605: The Evangelie volgens Markus ( Gospel of Mark , lit. 'Gospel according to Mark'); however, this translation was never published. The manuscript is to be found in the South African National Library, Cape Town. The first official translation of the entire Bible into Afrikaans was in 1933 by J. D. du Toit , E. E. van Rooyen, J. D. Kestell, H. C. M. Fourie, and BB Keet . This monumental work established Afrikaans as 'n suiwer en ordentlike taal , that

1824-696: The Arabic alphabet : see Arabic Afrikaans . Later, Afrikaans, now written with the Latin script , started to appear in newspapers and political and religious works in around 1850 (alongside the already established Dutch). In 1875 a group of Afrikaans-speakers from the Cape formed the Genootskap vir Regte Afrikaaners ('Society for Real Afrikaners'), and published a number of books in Afrikaans including grammars, dictionaries, religious materials and histories. Until

1900-571: The Dutch vernacular of South Holland ( Hollandic dialect ) spoken by the predominantly Dutch settlers and enslaved population of the Dutch Cape Colony , where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the 17th and 18th centuries. Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages, including German and the Khoisan languages , an estimated 90 to 95% of

1976-733: The Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches, were involved. Afrikaans descended from Dutch dialects in the 17th century. It belongs to a West Germanic sub-group, the Low Franconian languages . Other West Germanic languages related to Afrikaans are German, English, the Frisian languages , Yiddish , and the unstandardised language Low German . Afrikaans is also widely spoken in Namibia. Before independence, Afrikaans had equal status with German as an official language. Since independence in 1990, Afrikaans has had constitutional recognition as

2052-589: The Senate , in which the Afrikaans language was declared a variety of Dutch. The Constitution of 1961 reversed the position of Afrikaans and Dutch, so that English and Afrikaans were the official languages, and Afrikaans was deemed to include Dutch. The Constitution of 1983 removed any mention of Dutch altogether. The Afrikaans Language Monument is on a hill overlooking Paarl in the Western Cape Province . Officially opened on 10 October 1975, it

2128-538: The Synod of Dordrecht of 1618 and was thus in an archaic form of Dutch. This was hard for Dutch speakers to understand, and increasingly unintelligible for Afrikaans speakers. C. P. Hoogehout, Arnoldus Pannevis  [ af ] , and Stephanus Jacobus du Toit were the first Afrikaans Bible translators. Important landmarks in the translation of the Scriptures were in 1878 with C. P. Hoogehout's translation of

2204-564: The constitution of the Western Cape , which went into effect in 1998, declares Afrikaans to be an official language of the province alongside English and Xhosa . The Afrikaans-language general-interest family magazine Huisgenoot has the largest readership of any magazine in the country. When the British design magazine Wallpaper described Afrikaans as "one of the world's ugliest languages" in its September 2005 article about

2280-526: The monument , South African billionaire Johann Rupert (chairman of the Richemont Group ), responded by withdrawing advertising for brands such as Cartier , Van Cleef & Arpels , Montblanc and Alfred Dunhill from the magazine. The author of the article, Bronwyn Davies, was an English -speaking South African. An estimated 90 to 95 percent of the Afrikaans lexicon is ultimately of Dutch origin, and there are few lexical differences between

2356-452: The "language of the white oppressor" by some, pressure has been increased to remove Afrikaans as a teaching language in South African universities, resulting in bloody student protests in 2015. Under South Africa's Constitution of 1996, Afrikaans remains an official language , and has equal status to English and nine other languages. The new policy means that the use of Afrikaans is now often reduced in favour of English, or to accommodate

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2432-676: The Arabic script. In 1861, L.H. Meurant published his Zamenspraak tusschen Klaas Waarzegger en Jan Twyfelaar ( Conversation between Nicholas Truthsayer and John Doubter ), which is considered to be the first book published in Afrikaans. The first grammar book was published in 1876; a bilingual dictionary was later published in 1902. The main modern Afrikaans dictionary in use is the Verklarende Handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (HAT). A new authoritative dictionary, called Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal (WAT),

2508-766: The Boers and their servants." In 1925 Afrikaans was recognised by the South African government as a distinct language, rather than simply a vernacular of Dutch. On 8 May 1925, that is 23 years after the Second Boer War ended, the Official Languages of the Union Act, 1925 was passed—mostly due to the efforts of the Afrikaans-language movement —at a joint sitting of the House of Assembly and

2584-519: The Dutch Cape Colony between 1652 and 1672 had a Dutch father. Sarah Grey Thomason and Terrence Kaufman argue that Afrikaans' development as a separate language was "heavily conditioned by nonwhites who learned Dutch imperfectly as a second language." Beginning in about 1815, Afrikaans started to replace Malay as the language of instruction in Muslim schools in South Africa, written with

2660-495: The Peninsula area, with 10 declared official heritage sites in 2021. Several apartment buildings in the Vredehoek area share a distinctive Art Deco style. The large concentration of the similar buildings give the area a unique character that a 2017 campaign by The Greater Vredehoek Heritage Action Group attempted to protect from threats of gentrification . Daventry Court, Sherwood Court and Victory Court are three examples of

2736-495: The Platteklip ( Dutch : "flat stone") Stream. An estimated 200 washerwomen were expected to stop washing laundry in the stream and instead use new indoor facilities. This change was made as downstream small-holdings owners wanted clean water for crops and new sanitation laws were outlawing washing laundry in public streams. The new wash houses required the washerwomen to pay a fee and this led to an initial boycott, after which

2812-482: The UCT Library, Mosert's Mill and Rhodes Memorial , moved over Devil's Peak towards Vredehoek, causing residents to evacuate as a precautionary measure. Part of the reason for the spread were the winds reaching 45 kilometres per hour (28 mph). Cape Town high fire alert season traditionally ends at the end of April. While fire on Table Mountain can be beneficial to local fynbos plants, the threat to human settlement

2888-656: The Vredehoek Tin Company. Mining was discontinued after it was realised that it would be cheaper to mine tin in the Durbanville area and operations stopped completely during World War 1. It was reported that the mine had successfully produced roughly four tons (roughly 3600 kilograms) of ore concentrates. During apartheid , Vredehoek was designated as a “whites-only” area as part of the Group Areas Act . Disa Park residential towers were built in

2964-510: The base of the towers begins below the Table Mountain National Park, the 18 storeys stretch well beyond that, reaching 209 metres above sea level. The towers are colloquially named "The Tampon Towers" amongst other names, however the developers' official names for the individual towers are Blinkwater, Platteklip and Silverstroom. The unrealised vision for the tower project would have seen up to 17 identical towers along

3040-451: The challenges of demotion and emigration that it faces in South Africa, the Afrikaans vernacular remains competitive, being popular in DSTV pay channels and several internet sites, while generating high newspaper and music CD sales. A resurgence in Afrikaans popular music since the late 1990s has invigorated the language, especially among a younger generation of South Africans. A recent trend is

3116-571: The city skyline. At least two Kramats can be found just above Deer Park in Vredehoek, including the Sayed Abdul Haq kramat. Local kramats or "mazaars" are Islamic shrines marking the graves of holy men or notable religious leaders who died at the Cape, often after being banished by the Dutch from countries like India , Ceylon and Java . The local Deer Park forest and stream in Vredehoek provided sanctuary to runaway enslaved or imprisoned people. There are more than 20 recognised kramats in

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3192-815: The course of the 18th century. As early as the mid-18th century and as recently as the mid-20th century, Afrikaans was known in standard Dutch as a 'kitchen language' (Dutch: kombuistaal ), lacking the prestige accorded, for example, even by the educational system in Africa, to languages spoken outside Africa. Other early epithets setting apart Kaaps Hollands (' Cape Dutch ', i.e. Afrikaans) as putatively beneath official Dutch standards included geradbraakt , gebroken and onbeschaafd Hollands ('mutilated, broken, or uncivilised Dutch'), as well as verkeerd Nederlands ('incorrect Dutch'). Historical linguist Hans den Besten theorises that modern Standard Afrikaans derives from two sources: So Afrikaans, in his view,

3268-512: The development of Afrikaans. The slave population was made up of people from East Africa, West Africa, Mughal India , Madagascar , and the Dutch East Indies (modern Indonesia). A number were also indigenous Khoisan people, who were valued as interpreters, domestic servants, and labourers. Many free and enslaved women married or cohabited with the male Dutch settlers. M. F. Valkhoff argued that 75% of children born to female slaves in

3344-459: The early 20th century Afrikaans was considered a Dutch dialect , alongside Standard Dutch , which it eventually replaced as an official language. Before the Boer wars , "and indeed for some time afterwards, Afrikaans was regarded as inappropriate for educated discourse. Rather, Afrikaans was described derogatorily as 'a kitchen language' or 'a bastard jargon', suitable for communication mainly between

3420-523: The farm into Cape Town's first dairy farm. Coupled with Mellish' death in 1905 and the mismanagement of the property by his son, all farming on the property ceased in 1916. Over the following decades, portions of the original farm were subdivided into residential lots. The homestead and part of the farm was sold to the University of Cape Town in 1924 and the homestead was used as a hostel by South African College Schools . Cape Town municipality purchased

3496-626: The fee was dropped. Once the women began using the facility's standing basins, perhaps because of the comfort over bending to wash, the fee was re-introduced. Before slavery was abolished at the South Africa in 1834, the washerwomen would have been primarily enslaved women. They used corn husks to scour lathered cloth and used nearby bushes, trees and rocks for places to hang wet laundry for drying. The Platteklip Stream's fresh water comes off Table Mountain. It has historically been used by indigenous pastoralists to water their animals and for wild animals like buck to drink. The Khoekhoen people called

3572-479: The first half of the twentieth century, many Jewish immigrants from Europe, especially Lithuania settled in Cape Town. A number of Jewish immigrants living in the District Six area began to buy and build homes in Vredehoek. Many of the flats in Vredehoek were first owned by Jewish immigrants and have names such as Mont Sholem, Tel Hai Court and Herzlia. The Jewish community also established three synagogues in

3648-473: The government for Afrikaans, in terms of education, social events, media (TV and radio), and general status throughout the country, given that it now shares its place as official language with ten other languages. Nevertheless, Afrikaans remains more prevalent in the media – radio, newspapers and television – than any of the other official languages, except English. More than 300 book titles in Afrikaans are published annually. South African census figures suggest

3724-421: The higher temperature underground and will naturally exhaust from vertical shafts, some of which are sunk specifically for this purpose. Most adits are designed to slope slightly upwards from the entrance so that water will flow freely out of the mine. Mines that have adits can be at least partly drained of water by gravity alone or power-assisted gravity. The depth to which a mine can be drained by gravity alone

3800-406: The increased availability of pre-school educational CDs and DVDs. Such media also prove popular with the extensive Afrikaans-speaking emigrant communities who seek to retain language proficiency in a household context. Afrikaans-language cinema showed signs of new vigour in the early 21st century. The 2007 film Ouma se slim kind , the first full-length Afrikaans movie since Paljas in 1998,

3876-515: The invention of the steam engine this was the main restriction on deep mining. Adits are useful for deeper mines. Water only needs to be raised to the drainage adit rather than to the surface. Because of the great reduction in ongoing costs that a drainage adit can provide, they have sometimes been driven for great distances for this purpose. One example is the Milwr tunnel in North Wales, which

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3952-544: The language distance for Anglophones once remarked that the differences between (Standard) Dutch and Afrikaans are comparable to those between the Received Pronunciation and Southern American English . Afrikaans is an official language of the Republic of South Africa and a recognised national language of the Republic of Namibia. Post-apartheid South Africa has seen a loss of preferential treatment by

4028-581: The language of instruction for half the subjects taught in non-White schools (with English continuing for the other half). Although English is the mother tongue of only 8.2% of the population, it is the language most widely understood, and the second language of a majority of South Africans. Afrikaans is more widely spoken than English in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, several hundred kilometres from Soweto. The Black community's opposition to Afrikaans and preference for continuing English instruction

4104-513: The likes of big Afrikaans Hollywood film stars, like Charlize Theron ( Monster ) and Sharlto Copley ( District 9 ) promoting their mother tongue. SABC 3 announced early in 2009 that it would increase Afrikaans programming due to the "growing Afrikaans-language market and [their] need for working capital as Afrikaans advertising is the only advertising that sells in the current South African television market". In April 2009, SABC3 started screening several Afrikaans-language programmes. There

4180-541: The majority are of Afrikaans-speaking Afrikaner and Coloured South-African descent. A much smaller and unknown number of speakers also reside in the Dutch Caribbean . Contrary to popular belief, the majority of Afrikaans speakers today are not Afrikaners or Boers , but Coloureds . In 1976, secondary-school pupils in Soweto began a rebellion in response to the government's decision that Afrikaans be used as

4256-423: The mine. It is also much easier to bring ore or coal out of the mine. Horizontal travel by means of narrow gauge tramway or cable car is also much safer and can move more people and ore than vertical elevators. In the past horses and pit ponies were used. In combination with shafts, adits form an important element in the ventilation of a mine : in simple terms, cool air will enter through an adit, be warmed by

4332-529: The other official languages. In 1996, for example, the South African Broadcasting Corporation reduced the amount of television airtime in Afrikaans, while South African Airways dropped its Afrikaans name Suid-Afrikaanse Lugdiens from its livery . Similarly, South Africa's diplomatic missions overseas now display the name of the country only in English and their host country's language, and not in Afrikaans. Meanwhile,

4408-410: The other way round. Mutual intelligibility thus tends to be asymmetrical, as it is easier for Dutch speakers to understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch. In general, mutual intelligibility between Dutch and Afrikaans is far better than between Dutch and Frisian or between Danish and Swedish . The South African poet writer Breyten Breytenbach , attempting to visualise

4484-411: The past tense is also often replaced with the perfect.) When telling a longer story, Afrikaans speakers usually avoid the perfect and simply use the present tense, or historical present tense instead (as is possible, but less common, in English as well). A particular feature of Afrikaans is its use of the double negative ; it is classified in Afrikaans as ontkennende vorm and is something that

4560-490: The property from the university in 1930. They demolished the homestead and created public recreational fields on the land. Some remaining part of the original estate were transferred to the Poor Sisters of Nazareth in 1926 and 1929. Elba Farm (later Prospect Hill Farm) was developed as Devil's Peak Estate , a residential suburb for Europeans. On 1 April 1888, Cape Town's mayor commemorated the opening of wash houses near

4636-456: The stream Camissa "The Place of Sweet Water" and European settlers who used it for refreshment after being at sea called it Varsche Rivier . Buitenkant Street was previously known as Slaves' Walk, used by enslaved people to take laundry to the washerwomen. Today, the site of the wash houses forms part of a roughly 3 km Washerwomen Trail and has been turned into an overnight cottage through SANParks . The public-access quarry above Vredehoek

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4712-514: The style, which seldom goes over three storeys. Because of its proximity to Table Mountain National Park , Vredehoek has an abundance of indigenous plants and fynbos including: Some of the mature alien invasive trees that pose a threat to Vredehoek's indigenous plants are Port Jackson , Rooikrans , Hakea , Pine and Blue Gum . In April 2021, a large fire on Table Mountain, which had started at UCT and had already caused damage to

4788-442: The subject. For example, Only a handful of Afrikaans verbs have a preterite , namely the auxiliary wees ('to be'), the modal verbs , and the verb dink ('to think'). The preterite of mag ('may') is rare in contemporary Afrikaans. All other verbs use the perfect tense, het + past participle (ge-), for the past. Therefore, there is no distinction in Afrikaans between I drank and I have drunk . (In colloquial German,

4864-523: The suburb in the late 1960s in response to a " white housing crisis" in racially segregated Cape Town. Vredehoek is easily recognised by the iconic architectural triptych on the City Bowl skyline, a series of three of 55-metre, cylindrical high-rise brutalist towers collectively making up Disa Park , known colloquially as "The Tampon Towers". The National Party response to the white housing crisis resulted in several planning interventions, including

4940-511: The suburb. The Vredehoek Shul opened in 1939 and was housed in an Art Deco building designed by John Joseph Ingber. The synagogue closed and was deconsecrated in 1993, eventually becoming an antiques store. The former synagogue is situated on Rabbi Mirvish Avenue, named after Moses Chaim Mirvish, the first Rabbi with Semikhah in the Cape Colony. The Schoonder Street Shul (also known as the “round shul” designed by architect Max Policansky

5016-469: The suspension of the city's zoning rules with regards to building height for developers willing to build housing in white Group Areas . Other developments include the nearby Gardens Centre, Sea Point 's Twin Towers and Blouberg Heights. The circular shape was intended to minimise the impact of the unrelenting Southeaster wind that blows from October to March each year, and to give affordable housing to over

5092-537: The two languages. Afrikaans has a considerably more regular morphology, grammar, and spelling. There is a high degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages, particularly in written form. Afrikaans acquired some lexical and syntactical borrowings from other languages such as Malay , Khoisan languages , Portuguese, and Bantu languages , and Afrikaans has also been significantly influenced by South African English . Dutch speakers are confronted with fewer non-cognates when listening to Afrikaans than

5168-430: The vocabulary of Afrikaans is of Dutch origin. Differences between Afrikaans and Dutch often lie in the more analytic morphology and grammar of Afrikaans, and different spellings. There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages, especially in written form . The name of the language comes directly from the Dutch word Afrikaansch (now spelled Afrikaans ) meaning 'African'. It

5244-406: Was declared, hence the name of "peace corner". Vredehoek Farm and Elba Farm were among the earliest settlements in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The Jurgens family were the original owners of Vredehoek farm in this period and where they built Vredehoek homstead, c1800. They sold the farm to Edward H. F. Mellish in 1883, “a man of means, energy, ability and high standards” and he transformed

5320-589: Was erected on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Society of Real Afrikaners , and the 50th anniversary of Afrikaans being declared an official language of South Africa in distinction to Dutch. The earliest Afrikaans texts were some doggerel verse from 1795 and a dialogue transcribed by a Dutch traveller in 1825. Afrikaans used the Latin alphabet around this time, although the Cape Muslim community used

5396-572: Was influenced by Eugene Nida 's theory of dynamic equivalence which focused on finding the nearest equivalent in the receptor language to the idea that the Greek, Hebrew or Aramaic wanted to convey. A new translation, Die Bybel: 'n Direkte Vertaling was released in November 2020. It is the first truly ecumenical translation of the Bible in Afrikaans as translators from various churches, including

5472-654: Was opened in 1952 and was demolished in 2001. The Beit Midrash Morasha synagogue (then known as Beth Hamedrash ), relocated to 22 Virginia Ave in 1945 from its previous home in District Six. The congregation left Vredehoek in 1954 to move to its present location in Sea Point . Although many of Vredehoek's Jewish families have resettled in Sea Point, several Jewish institutions remain in the suburb. They include Highlands House, Cape Jewish Aged Home (1920-present) and

5548-399: Was previously referred to as 'Cape Dutch' ( Kaap-Hollands or Kaap-Nederlands ), a term also used to refer to the early Cape settlers collectively, or the derogatory 'kitchen Dutch' ( kombuistaal ) from its use by slaves of colonial settlers "in the kitchen". The Afrikaans language arose in the Dutch Cape Colony , through a gradual divergence from European Dutch dialects , during

5624-679: Was the translation of the whole Bible into Afrikaans. While significant advances had been made in the textual criticism of the Bible, especially the Greek New Testament , the 1933 translation followed the Textus Receptus and was closely akin to the Statenbijbel . Before this, most Cape Dutch-Afrikaans speakers had to rely on the Dutch Statenbijbel . This Statenvertaling had its origins with

5700-549: Was under development As of 2018. The official orthography of Afrikaans is the Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls , compiled by Die Taalkommissie . The Afrikaners primarily were Protestants, of the Dutch Reformed Church of the 17th century. Their religious practices were later influenced in South Africa by British ministries during the 1800s. A landmark in the development of the language

5776-622: Was underlined when the government rescinded the policy one month after the uprising: 96% of Black schools chose English (over Afrikaans or native languages) as the language of instruction. Afrikaans-medium schools were also accused of using language policy to deter Black African parents. Some of these parents, in part supported by provincial departments of education, initiated litigation which enabled enrolment with English as language of instruction. By 2006 there were 300 single-medium Afrikaans schools, compared to 2,500 in 1994, after most converted to dual-medium education. Due to Afrikaans being viewed as

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