Vreme ( Serbian for 'Time') is a weekly news magazine based in Belgrade , Serbia .
75-547: In 1990, dissatisfied with the media climate in SR Serbia , SFR Yugoslavia 's largest constituent unit, a group of liberal Serbian intellectuals, including prominent lawyer Srđa Popović , decided to start a weekly news magazine. Following a seven-month preparation throughout the year, Vreme was launched with its first issue coming out on 29 October 1990, a little over a month before the 1990 general election in SR Serbia as
150-515: A tariff union, the Italian tariff system was put in place in Albania. Due to the expected economic losses in Albania from the alteration in tariff policy, the Italian government provided Albania 15 million Albanian leks each year in compensation. Italian customs laws were to apply in Albania and only Italy alone could conclude treaties with third parties. Italian capital was allowed to dominate
225-822: A constitutional law was adopted, introducing further social reforms. By that time, internal political life in Serbia was fully dominated by the Communist Party of Serbia , formed in May 1945 as a branch of the ruling Communist Party of Yugoslavia . In order to suppress remaining monarchist opposition, communists initiated the creation of a wider political coalition, thus establishing the People's Front of Yugoslavia (PFY), in August 1945. Other political parties were soon dissolved, and remnants of political life were constrained within
300-401: A means to solve the dispute; while more radical and nationalist-leaning members supported Slobodan Milosević , who advocated the protection of Kosovo Serbs , who had claimed that their population was being pressured to leave Kosovo by Albanian separatists. Milosević utilized public sentiment and opposition to Kosovo Albanian separatism to rally large numbers of supporters to help him overthrow
375-539: A protectorate over central and southern Albania; however this was overturned in September 1920 when Italy was pressured to withdraw its army. Italy was enraged with the minimal gains that it received from peace negotiations, which it regarded as having violated the Treaty of London. Italian Fascists claimed that Albanians were ethnically linked to Italians through association with the prehistoric populations, and that
450-544: A quarter of its sales abroad. Vreme has established a reputation as one of the most reliable media sources of the former Yugoslavia and its writers have been largely cited by international media. Vreme has started a number of supplements such as Vreme novca (Time of Money), Vreme zabave (Time for Fun), and has become a publishing house. Socialist Republic of Serbia The Socialist Republic of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian : Социјалистичка Република Србија / Socijalistička Republika Srbija ), previously known as
525-747: A result of foreign pressure and defeat in the Vlora War . The Italian Fascist regime had politically and economically penetrated and dominated Albania during Zog's rule and was planning for annexation of Albania years prior to the event. Albania came under strong Italian influence after the signing of the Treaties of Tirana of 1926 and 1927. Under Zog, Albania's economy was dependent on multiple financial loans given from Italy since 1931. In August 1933, Mussolini placed stringent demands on Zog in exchange for Italy's continued support of Albania, including demands that all new appointments to leading positions in
600-528: Is being carried out without a hitch. I am wondering whether the general situation – particularly the Anschluss [with Austria] – does not permit us to take a step forward towards the more complete domination of this country, which will be ours." and days later on 4 April of that year wrote "We must gradually underline the protectorate element of our relations with Albania". "The Kosovars are 850,000 Albanians, strong of body, firm in spirit, and enthusiastic about
675-658: The Hellenic state . After the fall of Yugoslavia and Greece in April 1941, the Italian government began negotiations with Germany, Bulgaria, and the newly established client state, the Independent State of Croatia , on defining their borders. In April Mussolini called for the borders of Albania to be expanded – including annexing Montenegro into Albania that would have an autonomous government within Albania, and expanding Albania's border eastwards, though not as far as
750-503: The Italian Albania . The region of Bačka was annexed by Hungary , while Syrmia was possessed by the Independent State of Croatia . Southeastern parts of Serbia were occupied by Bulgaria . At the beginning of the occupation, there were two resistance movements: Chetniks and Partisans . They had conflicting ideological and political programs, with Chetniks abandoning initial joint resistance efforts alongside Partisans by
825-838: The Italian Empire . Officials intended to make Albania part of a Greater Italy by assimilating Albanians as Italians and colonizing Albania with Italian settlers from the Italian Peninsula to transform it gradually into an Italian land. In the Treaty of London during World War I , the Triple Entente had promised central and southern Albania to Italy as a reward for fighting against the Central Powers . In June 1917, after Italian soldiers seized control of substantial areas of Albania, Italy formally declared
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#1732775442032900-505: The Kingdom of Albania or Greater Albania , existed as a puppet state and protectorate of Fascist Italy . It was practically a union between Italy and Albania, officially led by Italian King Victor Emmanuel III and his government: Albania was led by Italian governors, after being militarily occupied by Italy , from 1939 until 1943. During this time, Albania ceased to exist as an independent country and became an autonomous part of
975-509: The People's Republic of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian : Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija , lit. 'National Republic of Serbia'), commonly abbreviated as Republic of Serbia or simply Serbia , was one of the six constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in what is now the modern day states of Serbia and the disputed territory of Kosovo . Its formation
1050-626: The Serbs of Kosovo . Ethnic tensions in Kosovo heated up when a Kosovo Albanian soldier opened fire on his fellow soldiers in Paraćin , in an event known as the Paraćin massacre . Then President of Serbia Ivan Stambolić wanted to make compromise, rather than fast solution. He found himself in a clash with Milošević. This conflict culminated with 8th Session and replacement of Stambolić with Petar Gračanin as President of Serbia. In 1988, new amendments to
1125-420: The communist governments of the western Yugoslav republics (especially SR Slovenia and SR Croatia ), who successfully resisted the attempts to expand the revolt onto their territories, and turned against Milošević. The rising antagonism eventually resulted in the dissolution of the ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia in 1990, and subsequently in the breakup of Yugoslavia . In 1989, Slobodan Milošević
1200-629: The Adriatic zone. Despite the efforts of the Italian vicegerent, Francesco Jacomoni , to stir up insurrections and create a fifth column , and the favourable reports he sent to the Italian foreign minister Count Ciano , events proved that there was little enthusiasm among the Albanians themselves: after the Italian invasion of Greece , most Albanians either deserted or defected. Strategically, control of Albania gave Italy an important beachhead in
1275-702: The Albanian Fascist Party, a quasi-statal organization, issued a directive on 16 June 1940, shortly after Italy's declarations of war against Britain and France, that stated that "The Kingdom of Albania considers itself at war with all nations against which Italy is at war – at present or in the future." In October 1940, during the Greco-Italian War , Albania served as a staging-area for Italian dictator Benito Mussolini 's unsuccessful invasion of Greece . Mussolini planned to invade Greece and other countries like Yugoslavia in
1350-684: The Albanian economy. As a result, Italian companies were allowed to hold monopolies in the exploitation of Albanian natural resources. In 1944, the number of companies and industrial enterprises reached 430, from just 244 in 1938 and only 71 such in 1922. The degree of concentration of workers in industrial production in 1938 doubled compared with 1928. At this time, Albania's economy had trade relations with 21 countries, but most developed were first to Italy and then to Yugoslavia, France, Germany, Greece, etc. The country entered capitalist economic development much later than other European countries. Despite
1425-458: The Albanian government had to have received an "Italian education"; that an Italian expert was in the future to be in all Albanian government ministries; that Italy would take control of Albania's military – including its fortifications; that British officers that were training Albania's gendarmerie be replaced by Italian officers; and that Albania must annul all of its existing commercial treaties with other countries and make no new agreements without
1500-557: The Albanian king, Zog I fled to Greece . Although Albania had been under strong Italian influence since 1927, Italy's political leader, Benito Mussolini wanted direct control over the country to increase his and Italy's prestige, provide a response to Germany's annexation of Austria and occupation of Czechoslovakia , and to have firm control over Albania to station large forces of the Italian military for future operations involving Yugoslavia and Greece. Albania became an Italian protectorate subordinated to Italian interests, along
1575-677: The Allied command, occupied Northern Epirus on 23 August 1916, forcing the Greek Army to withdraw its occupation forces from there. In June 1917, Italy proclaimed central and southern Albania as a protectorate of Italy while Northern Albania was allocated to the states of Serbia and Montenegro. By 31 October 1918, French and Italian forces expelled the Austro-Hungarian Army from Albania. After World War I ended, Italy withdrew its military forces on 2 September 1920 from Albania as
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#17327754420321650-607: The Balkans: not only did it complete Italian control of the Strait of Otranto and the entrance to the Adriatic Sea , it could be used to invade either Yugoslavia (in tandem with another thrust via Venezia Giulia ) or Greece. In 1939, Count Ciano spoke of Albanian irredentist claims to Kosovo as valuable to Italy's objectives, saying: The Kosovars [are] 850,000 Albanians, strong of body, firm in spirit, and enthusiastic about
1725-719: The Communist leadership in Vojvodina, Kosovo and the Socialist Republic of Montenegro in what was known as the anti-bureaucratic revolution . Afterward, the Serbian League of Communists selected Milosević as its leader. Milosević took a hard stand on Albanian nationalism in Kosovo and pressured the Yugoslav government to give him emergency powers to deal with Kosovo Albanian separatists. Furthermore, he reduced
1800-597: The Communist party and also vice-president of Yugoslavia (1963–1966) and founder of Yugoslav intelligence agency OZNA , Aleksandar Ranković was removed from positions due to allegations of spying on SFRY President Josip Broz Tito . After the Croatian Spring in 1971, almost whole party leadership of Serbia was removed from office, under the charge of being "liberal". Latinka Perović and Marko Nikezić were marked as leaders of this liberal movement inside League of Communists of Serbia. In 1974, new constitution
1875-834: The Germans where they were murdered or sent to camps in Albania. Others were taken to Albanian cities where the local population protected them. See The Holocaust in Albania . Kosovar Albanians collaborated with the Axis powers who promised them a Greater Albania. This was seen as a better alternative to the repressive measures instilled by Serbian politicians during the interwar period. In June 1942 Prime Minister Mustafa Kruja stated that Serbs would be sent to concentration camps or killed. Between 70,000 and 100,000 Kosovar Serbs were transferred to concentration camps in Pristina and Mitrovica or expelled to Serbia proper, in order to Albanianize
1950-611: The Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs, speaking of Albanian claims to Kosovo as valuable to Italy's objectives. In spite of Albania's long-standing alliance with Italy, on 7 April 1939 Italian troops invaded Albania , five months before the start of the Second World War. The Albanian armed resistance proved ineffective against the Italians and, after a short defense, the country was occupied. On 9 April 1939
2025-601: The Italian prototype. The Albanian Fascist Party was a branch of the National Fascist Party of Italy, members of the Albanian Fascist Party took an oath to obey the orders of the Duce of Fascism, Mussolini. Italian citizens began to settle in Albania as colonists and to own land so that they could gradually transform it into Italian soil. The italianization of Albania was one of Mussolini's plans. While Victor Emmanuel ruled as king, Shefqet Vërlaci served as
2100-709: The League of Communists of Yugoslavia when Slovenians left the meeting followed by Croatian delegates. After 1990, the state was known simply as Republic of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian : Република Србија / Republika Srbija ), and in December of the same year, Slobodan Milošević was elected as first President of the Republic. In 1992, when the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was formed, Serbia became one of its two constituent republics. In 2003, this state union
2175-474: The PFY, that was under full control of the ruling Communist Party. In 1963, a new Yugoslav Constitution was adopted, renaming the federal state into the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , and its federal units into socialist republics , thus introducing the name: Socialist Republic of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic : Социјалистичка Република Србија ). In 1966, one of the most prominent Serbs in
2250-529: The People's Liberation of Serbia was convened, affirming the policy of reconstituting Yugoslavia as a federation, with Serbia as one of its federal units. Thus was laid the foundation for the creation of the Federated State of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian Cyrillic : Федерална Држава Србија ), as a federated state within new Democratic Federal Yugoslavia . The process was formalised in April 1945, when
2325-639: The Socialist Republic of Serbia. At first, President was elected for 4 years mandate, but in 1982 it was lowered to 2 years. Main executive body, since 1945, was the People's Government of Serbia. In 1953, it was renamed as the Executive Council of Serbia. It served as the executive branch of the People's Assembly. President of the Executive Council had a role of Prime Minister. Italian protectorate of Albania (1939%E2%80%931943) The Italian protectorate of Albania ( Italian: Protettorato italiano dell'Albania), also known as Italian Albania ,
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2400-523: The Vardar river as some had proposed – citing that Ohrid should be left to the Slavic Macedonians, regardless of whether Vardar Macedonia would become an independent state or be annexed by Bulgaria. However the Italian government changed its positions on the border throughout April, later supporting the annexation of Ohrid while giving the territory lying directly outside of Ohrid (including
2475-482: The Yugoslav Constitution were adopted, initiating a process of democratization. During 1988 and 1989, a successful round of coups in the Communist party leadership , known as Antibureucratic revolution , in Vojvodina, Kosovo as well as Montenegro, replaced autonomous leaderships in this regions. The coups were led by Slobodan Milošević ; supporter of Serbian nationalism. The events were condemned by
2550-472: The Yugoslav government. The Italians also gave the inhabitants Albanian citizenship and allowed them to fly the Albanian Flag. The Albanian armed forces were subsumed into the Italian military, Italian advisers were placed inside all levels of the Albanian administration, and the country was fascisticized with the establishment of an Albanian Fascist Party and its attendant organizations, modelled after
2625-628: The actions taken against Kosovo Albanian leadership, by blocking all reforms proposed by the Slovene representatives. The tactic failed and Slovenia, along with its ally Croatia, abdicated from the Yugoslav Communist Party. This caused the Yugoslav Communist party to fall apart, and then the state of Yugoslavia itself one year later. Since 1945, the most senior state official in Serbia, and thus de facto head of state,
2700-503: The approval of the Italian government; and that Albania sign a commercial convention that would make Italy Albania's "most favoured country" in trade. In 1934 when Albania did not deliver its scheduled payment of one loan to Italy, Italian warships arrived off the coast of Albania to intimidate Albania to submit to Italian goals in the region. However, the British opposed Italy's actions and under pressure, Italy backed down and claimed that
2775-608: The area to give Italy territorial control of most of the Mediterranean Sea coastline, as part of the Fascists' objective of creating the objective of Mare Nostrum ("Our Sea") in which Italy would dominate the Mediterranean. But the Albanian army under the command of colonel (later general) Prenk Pervizi abandoned the Italians in combat, causing a major unraveling of their lines. The Albanian army believed to be
2850-532: The autonomy of the autonomous provinces of Kosovo and Vojvodina and installed politicians loyal to him to serve as their representatives. In the congress of the Yugoslav League of Communists in 1990, Milosević and his subordinate representatives for Vojvodina, Kosovo and the Socialist Republic of Montenegro attempted to silence opposition from the Socialist Republic of Slovenia who opposed
2925-540: The border area of Chameria , inhabited by the Cham Albanian minority. Prior to direct intervention in World War I, the Kingdom of Italy occupied the port of Vlorë in Albania in December 1914. Upon entering the war, Italy spread its occupation to region of southern Albania beginning in the autumn 1916. Italian forces in 1916 recruited Albanian irregulars to serve alongside them. Italy with permission of
3000-688: The cause of the betrayal was removed from the front. The Colonel Pervizi and his staff of officials was isolated in the mountains of Puka and Shkodra to the North. This was the first action of revolt against the Italian occupation. But, soon after the Italian invasion, the Greeks counter-attacked and a sizable portion of Albania was in Greek hands (including the cities of Gjirokastër and Korçë ). In April 1941, Greece capitulated after an overwhelming German invasion . All of Albania returned to Italian control, which
3075-460: The constitutional solution from 1974 could satisfy all the claims of the Socialist Republic of Serbia, but also respect the specifics and special interests of the autonomous provinces. Although the conflict was (temporarily) pacified in this way, the issue remained unresolved. For most of its existence in the SFRY, Serbia was loyal and generally subordinate to the federal government. This changed after
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3150-605: The death of Josip Broz Tito in 1980, when Albanian, as well as Serbian nationalism in Kosovo arose. In 1981, major protests erupted in Kosovo demanding the status of republic. The League of Communists was split on how to respond. At the same time, an economic crisis in Yugoslavia started. The leaders of the country were unable to carry out any reforms due to the political instability. President of League of Communists of Serbia Slobodan Milošević visited Kosovo in April 1987 and promised rapid action in order to protect peace and
3225-619: The end of the Uprising in Serbia , switching instead to extensive collaboration with Axis forces. Partisans advocated transformation of Yugoslavia into a federation, with Serbia becoming one of its federal units. In the autumn of 1941, first provisional institutions were established by partisans in some liberated territories, headed by the Main National Liberation Committee for Serbia . It was seated in Užice , and thus
3300-559: The entire country of SFR Yugoslavia was transforming its governance from a one-party system under the Yugoslav Communist League (SKJ) to a multi-party one. Most of Vreme' s original staff were journalists from Politika and NIN . It characterizes itself as "a magazine without lies, hatred, or prejudice" and opposed nationalistic mobilization for the Yugoslav wars . During Slobodan Milošević 's reign, Vreme
3375-423: The existing Albanian system of prefectures ( Italian : prefetture ). In line with the administrative structure of the rest of Italy these were also called provinces (Italian: provincia ). However, unlike Italy the Albanian sub-prefecture (Italian: sotto prefetture ) was retained. There were initially 10 prefectures. Under this was 30 sub-prefectures and 23 municipalities (Italian: municipalità ). Each Prefecture
3450-602: The idea of a Union with their Homeland. Apparently, the Serbians are terrified of them. Today one must ... chloroform the Yugoslavians. But later on one must adopt a politics of deep interest in Kosovo. This will help to keep alive in the Balkans an irredentist problem which will polarize the attention of the Albanians themselves and be a knife at the back of Yugoslavia..." Galeazzo Ciano , Mussolini's son-in-law,
3525-399: The idea of a Union with their Homeland. Apparently, the Serbians are terrified of them. Today one must…chloroform the Yugoslavians. But later on one must adopt a politics of deep interest in Kosovo. This will help to keep alive in the Balkans an irredentist problem which will polarize the attention of the Albanians themselves and be a knife at the back of Yugoslavia. The Corporative Council of
3600-556: The lines of the German Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia . Victor Emmanuel III was proclaimed king of Albania, creating a personal union with Italy; he was represented in Tirana by a viceroy . A customs union was created, and Rome took over Albanian foreign policy. Although officially under Italian rule, the Albanians controlled the region and were encouraged to open Albanian language schools, which had been banned by
3675-648: The major influence exerted by the Roman and Venetian empires over Albania gave Italy the right to possess it. In addition, several hundred thousand ethnic Albanians had already been absorbed into southern Italy, which was used to justify annexation as a measure that would unite all Albanians into one state. Italy supported Albanian irredentism , directed against the predominantly Albanian-populated Kosovo in Yugoslavia , but also against Epirus in Greece , particularly
3750-660: The movement became known as the Republic of Užice . However, the German offensive crushed this proto-state in December of the same year. After that, main partisan forces moved to Bosnia. Serbia was liberated in the autumn of 1944, by partisan forces and the Red Army . Soon after the liberation of Belgrade on 20 October, creation of new administration was initiated. In November 1944, the Anti-fascist Assembly for
3825-788: The nationalist aims of the Italian Fascists, as the territory of Albania had long been part of the Roman Empire , even prior to the annexation of northern Italy by the Romans. Later, during the High Middle Ages some coastal areas (like Durazzo ) had been influenced and owned by Italian powers, chiefly the Kingdom of Naples and the Republic of Venice for many years (cf. Albania Veneta ). The Italian Fascist regime legitimized its claim to Albania through studies proclaiming
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#17327754420323900-416: The naval exercise was merely a "friendly visit". On 25 August 1937, Italian foreign minister Count Ciano wrote in his diary of Italy's relations with Albania in the following: "We must create stable centres of Italian influence there. Who knows what the future may have in store? We must be ready to seize opportunities which will present themselves. We are not going to withdraw this time, as we did in 1920. In
3975-433: The new constitution was adopted, Dragoslav Marković , then President of Serbia ordered a secret study on this issue. In January 1975, the Presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia requested a revision of constitutional solutions with explanation that the constitution divided the republic into three parts, thus preventing Serbia from exercising its "historic right to a nation state in the Yugoslav federation". Furthermore,
4050-426: The north, Romania and Bulgaria to the east and Albania to the south-west. Within Yugoslavia, it bordered SR Macedonia to the south and SRs Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia to the west. In 1971, total population of the Socialist Republic of Serbia numbered 8,446,590 people, including: In 1981, total population of the Socialist Republic of Serbia numbered 9,313,677 people, including: During
4125-429: The predominantly Albanian-populated Kosovo in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and Epirus in Greece , particularly the border area of Chameria , inhabited by the Cham Albanian minority. Thus an author the Fascist Italian publication named Geopolitica claimed that the population of the Epirus- Acarnania region of Greece belonged to Albania due to it being racially Dinaric , and formed a 'single geographic system' with
4200-586: The presence of some foreign (mainly Italian) investment, Albania had made little move towards industrial development at the onset of World War II. Agriculture, which employed over 87% of the workforce, was the main sector of the economy and contributed 92.4% of the national income, with main outputs being wheat, maize and rye. Agriculture used primitive tools such as wood ploughs, whilst fertilisers were hardly known at all, and drainage poor. The level of productivity and level of organization and mechanization of agriculture in this period were very low. The Italians adopted
4275-407: The prime minister. Vërlaci controlled the day-to-day activities of the Italian protectorate. On 3 December 1941, Shefqet Vërlaci was replaced as prime minister by Mustafa Merlika-Kruja . The country's natural resources too came under direct control of Italy. All petroleum resources in Albania went through Agip , Italy's state petroleum company. Albania was important culturally and historically to
4350-417: The province. During the occupation, the population was subject to forced labour, torture, destruction of private property, destruction and damaging of cultural and historical buildings and graveyards. The expulsion of Serbs proved problematic, as they had performed important functions in the region, and been running most of the businesses, mills, tanneries, and public utilities, and been responsible for most of
4425-419: The provisional People's Assembly of Serbia was created, also appointing the first People's Government of Serbia . Two newly created regions, Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and Autonomous Region of Kosovo and Metohija , decided to merge into Serbia. On November 29 (1945), Yugoslavia was officially proclaimed as federal republic , and in January 1946, after the first Constitution of federal Yugoslavia
4500-465: The racial affinity of Albanians and Italians, especially as opposed to the Slavic Yugoslavs. Italian Fascists claimed that Albanians were linked through ethnic heritage to Italians , not to Slavs, and that the major influence exhibited by the Roman and Venetian empires over Albania justified Italy's right to possess it. Italy also attempted to legitimize and win public support for its rule over Albania by supporting Albanian irredentism, directed against
4575-539: The ruling League of Communists of Yugoslavia collapsed, followed by the crisis of federal institutions. After these events, in 1989 Assembly of Socialist Republic of Serbia voted for constitution amendments that revoked high autonomy for provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo. After Slovenian authorities forbid a group of Serbs supporting his politics to gather in Ljubljana, Milosević started a trade war with Socialist Republic of Slovenia in late 1989. This Serbian–Slovenian conflict culminated in January 1990 on 14th Congress of
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#17327754420324650-653: The sacred birthplace of Saint Clement ) to the Slavic Macedonians. After a period of negotiations Italy's new Balkan borders – including Albania's new borders, were declared by royal decree on 7 June 1941. After the Italian capitulation in September 1943, the country was occupied by the Germans until the end of the war. Around 200 Albanian Jews and 400 Jewish refugees resided in Albania proper prior to World War II. Albanian Jews were generally protected but faced some restrictions. Foreign Jews were placed into concentration camps. The Jewish population of Kosovo fared comparatively worse as Italian authorities turned them over to
4725-610: The socialist era in Yugoslavia, the only legal political parties were the three branches of the federal League of Communists of Yugoslavia (SKJ): League of Communists of Serbia (SKS), League of Communists of Vojvodina (SKV) and League of Communists of Kosovo (SKK). The Serbian branch remained relatively stable and loyal to the federal party until the late 1980s, when it became split over what action to take in Kosovo when protests and fights broke out between ethnic Albanians and Serbs. The more traditional Communists supported President Ivan Stambolić , who advocated continued neutrality as
4800-436: The south [of Italy] we have absorbed several hundred thousand Albanians. Why shouldn't the same thing happen on the other side of the entrance to the Adriatic.". On 26 March 1938, Ciano wrote in his diary of annexing Albania like Germany did with Austria shortly prior: "A report from Jacomoni on the situation in Albania. Our penetration is becoming steadily more intense and more organic. The programme which I traced after my visit
4875-424: The study Marković requested was completed in 1977 and was named The Blue Book . Although there were differing opinions in the state leadership on the position of the provinces – for example, Edvard Kardelj supported the demands of Serbian leaders – the result of the arbitration was the conclusion that the position of the provinces within Serbia should not be changed. The Federal leadership, led by Tito, believed that
4950-399: The useful agricultural production. According to Serbian sources, it is estimated that the Vulnetari and other paramilitaries murdered up to 10,000 Serbs and Montenegrins in Kosovo. Upon the occupation of Albania and installation of a new government, the economies of Albania and Italy were connected through a customs union that resulted in the removal of most trade restrictions. Through
5025-432: Was President of the People's Assembly of Serbia , who also presided over the collective Presidency of the People's Assembly (1945–1953), and Presidency of the Assembly (1953–1990). In 1974, new Constitution of Serbia was adopted, and collective state presidency was formed, not as a committee of the Assembly, but as a supreme governing body. Since then, President of the Presidency served as the most senior state official of
5100-413: Was adopted, increasing the powers of provinces, and making them de facto republics. For the first time the institution of president was formed, as President of the Presidency of Socialist Republic of Serbia . Assembly was electing 15 members of the presidency and one president for a 4-year term, and later 2-year term. The new constitution practically suspended Serbia's authority over the provinces. After
5175-506: Was adopted, the Federated State of Serbia was renamed to People's Republic of Serbia ( Serbo-Croatian : Народна Република Србија / Narodna Republika Srbija ). In November 1946, elections for the Constitutional Assembly of Serbia were held, and in January 1947, Constitution of Serbia was adopted, reaffirming its position within Yugoslav federation, and also regulating the position of autonomous units (Vojvodina as autonomous province; Kosovo and Metohija as autonomous region). In 1953,
5250-438: Was also extended to most of Greece, which was jointly occupied by Italy, Germany and Bulgaria. Italian plans however to annex Chameria to Albania were shelved because the Italians found the region to have been almost completely Greek and also due to the strong opposition of the region's Greek population. The Germans also opposed such a move for the same reasons, and also because they were opposed to any territorial reduction of
5325-525: Was also the federal capital of Yugoslavia. After the collapse of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the April War (1941), the entire country was occupied and partitioned between Axis powers . Central territories of Serbia and the northern region of Banat were occupied by Nazi Germany , that enforced direct control over the Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia , with a puppet Government installed in Belgrade. Southern regions of Metohija and Kosovo were occupied by Fascist Italy and annexed into
5400-610: Was elected as President of the State Presidency of Serbia. He demanded that the federal Yugoslav government act for the interests of Serbia in Kosovo by sending in the Yugoslav People's Army to suppress separatism in the province. At the same time, several reforms of federal electoral system were proposed, with Serbia supporting a "one-citizen, one-vote" system, which would have given a majority of votes to Serbs. By that time, ethnic tensions in Yugoslavia increased, and
5475-412: Was initiated in 1941, and achieved in 1944–1946, when it was established as a federated republic within Yugoslavia. In that form, it lasted until the constitutional reforms from 1990 to 1992, when it was reconstituted, as the Republic of Serbia within the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . It was the largest constituent republic of Yugoslavia, in terms of population and territory. Its capital, Belgrade ,
5550-574: Was one of a handful of independent Serbian media outlets which resisted his influence and control and tried to counterbalance nationalist rhetoric. In May 1992, it published articles on the destruction of cities in Bosnia and Croatia, and in November 1992 described attacks on cultural heritage sites (by both Serb and non-Serb forces). Its design is modeled after its U.S. counterparts Time and Newsweek . In 1993, 30,000 copies were produced weekly with
5625-500: Was re-formed into Serbia and Montenegro , and in 2006, Serbia became an independent republic after Montenegro separated. Within Socialist Republic of Serbia two autonomous provinces existed: Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo . The central part of the Socialist Republic of Serbia located outside of the two autonomous provinces was generally known as " Serbia proper " ( "Uža Srbija" ). Geographically SR Serbia bordered Hungary to
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