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20-492: The "Bécsi kapu" ( Vienna Gate ) is one of the medieval gates of Buda . Today, it serves as an entrance to the district. The first fortress on Várhegy was built in the 13th century. Following the devastation during the Turkish occupation the whole building complex was reconstructed. It now it hosts some notable museums and other monuments, among them the national library . Dísz tér ( En : Dísz Square) can be found next to

40-507: A Hungarian majority with a sizeable German minority in 1495. In 1432, Bertrandon de la Broquière wrote that Buda "is governed by Germans, as well in respect to police as commerce, and what regards the different professions". He noted a significant Jewish population in the city, proficient in French, many of whom were descendants of Jews previously expelled from France. Buda became part of Ottoman -ruled central Hungary from 1541 to 1686. It

60-643: Is called the Várnegyed ( lit.   ' Castle Quarter ' ) today, while “Buda” pars pro toto denotes Budapest’s I., II., III., XI., XII. and XXII. districts. This colloquial definition thus includes medieval Óbuda and amounts to a third of the city’s total area, much of it forested. Buda's landmarks include the Royal Palace , Matthias Church , the Citadella , Gellért Baths , the Buda Hills ,

80-562: Is the part of Budapest , the capital city of Hungary , that lies on the western bank of the Danube . Historically, “Buda” referred only to the royal walled city on Castle Hill ( Hungarian : Várhegy ), which was constructed by Béla IV between 1247 and 1249 and subsequently served as the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1361 to 1873. In 1873, Buda was administratively unified with Pest and Óbuda to form modern Budapest. Royal Buda

100-640: The Carmelite Monastery of Buda , and the residence of the President of Hungary , Sándor Palace . According to a legend recorded in chronicles from the Middle Ages , the name "Buda" comes from the name of Bleda ( Hungarian : Buda ), brother of Hunnic ruler Attila . Attila went in the city of Sicambria in Pannonia, where he killed Buda , his brother, and he threw his corpse into

120-512: The Danube . For while Attila was in the west, his brother crossed the boundaries in his reign, because he named Sicambria after his own name Buda's Castle. And though King Attila forbade the Huns and the other peoples to call that city Buda's Castle, but he called it Attila's Capital, the Germans who were terrified by the prohibition named the city as Eccylburg, which means Attila Castle, however,

140-541: The 451st year of Our Lord’s birth, coming down from Scythia , entered Pannonia with a mighty force and, putting the Romans to flight, took the realm and made a royal residence for himself beside the Danube above the hot springs, and he ordered all the old buildings that he found there to be restored and he built them in a circular and very strong wall that in the Hungarian language is now called Budavár [Buda Castle] and by

160-556: The Germans Etzelburg [Attila Castle] The Buda fortress and palace were built by King Béla IV of Hungary in 1247, and were the nucleus around which the town of Buda was built, which soon gained great importance, and became in 1361 the capital of Hungary. While Pest was mostly Hungarian in the 15th century, Buda had a German majority; however according to the Hungarian Royal Treasury, it had

180-590: The Greeks named Hylaea ( Ancient Greek : Υλαια , romanized :  Hulaia , lit.   'the Woodland';), consisting of the region of the lower Dnipro river along the territory of what is modern-day Kherson and the valleys further north along the river, was covered with forests. Conditions in the southern lands near the shores of the Black Sea were propitious for agriculture. Before

200-485: The Hungarians did not care about the ban and call it Óbuda [Old Buda] and call it to this day. The Scythians are certainly an ancient people and the strength of Scythia lies in the east, as we said above. And the first king of Scythia was Magog, son of Japhet, and his people were called Magyars [Hungarians] after their King Magog, from whose royal line the most renowned and mighty King Attila descended, who, in

220-566: The almost deserted city. Germans — also clinging to their language — partly crowded out, partly assimilated the Hungarians and Serbians they had found here. As the rural population moved into Buda, in the 19th century Hungarians slowly became the majority there. 47°28′N 19°03′E  /  47.467°N 19.050°E  / 47.467; 19.050 Scythia Scythia ( UK : / ˈ s ɪ ð i ə / , US : / ˈ s ɪ θ i ə / ; ) or Scythica ( UK : / ˈ s ɪ ð i k ə / , US : / ˈ s ɪ θ i k ə / )

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240-709: The ancient Greek names for the Scythians, Skuthēs ( Σκυθης ) and Skuthoi ( Σκυθοι ), derived from the Scythian endonym Skuδa . The territory of the Scythian kingdom of the Pontic steppe extended from the Don river in the east to the Danube river in the west, and covered the territory of the treeless steppe immediately north of the Black Sea 's coastline, which was inhabited by nomadic pastoralists, as well as

260-719: The arrival of the Scythians, this region of the Pontic Steppe was dominated by the Agathyrsi , who were nomadic Iranian people related to the Scythians. The Scythian migration pushed the Agathyrsi westwards, away from the steppes and from their original home around Lake Maeotis , and into the Carpathian region. Beginning in the late 4th century BC, another related nomadic Iranian people, the Sarmatians, moved from

280-584: The complex. A well-known church in the country. Its construction started around the same time as that of the castle. The sarcophagus of Béla III of Hungary can be seen within the building. The square in front of the church is called Szentháromság tér ( En : Holy Trinity Square ) . The bastion was built in the beginning of the 20th century. Its terrace provides a panorama view of the city. 47°30′N 19°00′E  /  47.5°N 19°E  / 47.5; 19 Buda Buda ( Hungarian pronunciation: [ˈbudɒ] , German : Ofen )

300-464: The east into the Pontic steppe, where they replaced the Scythians as the dominant power of the Pontic steppe by the Sarmatians, due to which " Sarmatia Europea " (European Sarmatia) replaced " Scythia " as the name for the region. During the Hellenistic period , the use of "Scythia" by Greek and Latin speakers was extended to also cover the southern Russian steppe in general, as well as

320-410: The fertile black-earth forest-steppe area to the north of the treeless steppe, which was inhabited by an agricultural population, and the northern border of this Scythian kingdom were the dedicuous woodlands, while several rivers, including Don and Dnipro , flowed southwards across this region and emptied themselves into the Black Sea. Between the 9th and 5th centuries BC, the climate in the steppes

340-520: Was a geographic region defined in the ancient Graeco-Roman world that encompassed the Pontic–Caspian steppe . It was inhabited by Scythians , an ancient Eastern Iranian equestrian nomadic people. The names Scythia and Scythica are themselves Latinisations of the Ancient Greek names Skuthia ( Σκυθια ) and Skuthikē ( Σκυθικη ), which were themselves derived from

360-434: Was cool and dry, which was a catalyst for the emergence of equestrian nomadic pastoralism in the northern Pontic region. The climate became warmer and wetter during the 5th century BC, which allowed the steppe nomads to move into the steppes proper. In these favourable climatic conditions grass grew abundantly on the treeless steppe and permitted the nomadic Scythians to rear large herds of cattle and horses. The country which

380-513: Was the capital of the province of Budin during the Ottoman era. By the middle of the seventeenth century Buda had become majority Muslim , largely resulting from an influx of Balkan Muslims. In 1686, two years after the unsuccessful siege of Buda, a renewed European campaign was started to enter Buda, which was formerly the capital of medieval Hungary. This time, the Holy League 's army

400-472: Was twice as large, containing over 74,000 men, including German , Dutch , Hungarian , English , Spanish , Czech , French , Croat , Burgundian , Danish and Swedish soldiers, along with other Europeans as volunteers, artillerymen, and officers, the Christian forces reconquered Buda (see Siege of Buda ). After the reconquest of Buda, bourgeoisie from different parts of southern Germany moved into

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