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74-689: Introduced with a 2.2-litre inline 6-cylinder engine, the W111 spawned a pair of variant lines which bracketed it in 1961: downscale entry-level inline 4-cylinder engined vehicles sharing the W111 chassis and bodies, designated the W110 ; and the W112 , a high-end luxury saloon built on the W111 chassis with its body but exclusive features, elaborate appointments, and the Mercedes-Benz 300d Adenauer's fuel-injected 3-litre M189 six-cylinder engine – at

148-457: A triple in power delivery. As such, it also requires crank throws at 60° – . Such designs appear to have been limited to diesel engines such as the Detroit 71 series , marine engines, and outboard motors. Some of the 120 possible crankshaft configurations have useful properties. Still, all of them have a rocking imbalance that may or may not require a balance shaft, depending on

222-626: A 1.8 L flathead petrol engine used by the Opel 8/40 PS . The displacement of this engine was expanded as it was used in later models such as the Opel Kapitän and Opel Admiral , with later versions switching to an overhead valve (pushrod) design. In 1968, the straight-six versions of the Opel CIH engine were introduced, initially using a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) with some later versions using double overhead camshafts (DOHC). Production of

296-531: A V6 engine replaced it. The Nissan TB overhead valve engine was introduced in 1987 and produced alongside the other straight-six engines. The six-cylinder versions of the Prince G engine were introduced in 1963 and remained in production until 1969, three years after Prince's merger with Nissan. The 1969–1973 Nissan S20 dual overhead camshaft engine (used in the Nissan Fairlady and first generation of

370-481: A higher level of interior trim and finish. Prices were 45,000 and 48,500 for the hard and soft roofs respectively. In the summer of 1965, Mercedes-Benz launched replacements for both W111 and W112 saloons, the W108 and W109 respectively. With the tailfin fashion well eroded by the mid 1960s, the new design was based on the restrained W111 coupé, widened and squared off. Work on a future new chassis that would fully replace

444-533: A lower-cost version of the Oakland six, powered by the Pontiac Split-Head Six flathead engine, which used two cylinder heads. This engine was replaced by the 1941–1954 Pontiac flathead six . The unrelated Pontiac OHV 6 overhead valve engine was produced in 1964–1965, based on a Chevrolet design. Pontiac's final straight-six engine was the 1966–1969 Pontiac OHC 6 overhead camshaft engine, which

518-514: A new one piece wheelcover, and the exterior mirror was changed. Despite its smaller engine, the 280 SE could outperform the early 1950s M189 powered 300 SE, resulting in the more expensive model's retirement. A final model was added in August 1969, the 280 SE 3.5 , the first Mercedes post-War coupé with more than 3 litres. The car was fitted with the brand-new M116 3499 cc V8 . It produced 200 hp (150 kW) at 5800 rpm, and

592-585: A post he held for ten years. Upon joining the Mercedes-Benz styling department he created the coupé and cabiolet variants of already designed W111 and W112 sedans. He also styled the Mercedes 600 , 230SL Pagoda roadster, the W108/W109 , W114/W115 series and its stablemate: the W114 coupé – all of the '60s. Upon his return to France in 1967, Bracq worked for Brissonneau and Lotz , where he worked on

666-537: A rough sales ratio of 1:2:1. All models shared the 2195 cc M127 straight-six engine carried over from the previous generation, producing 95 hp (71 kW) at 4800 rpm and capable of accelerating the heavy car to 160 km/h (155 if fitted with optional automatic gearbox ). The 220Sb featured twin carburettors and produced 110 hp (82 kW) at 5000 rpm, raising top speed to 165 km/h (103 mph) (160 km/h (99 mph)) and improving 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration to 15 seconds (16 on

740-455: A single overhead camshaft engine in 1979 and upgraded to dual overhead camshafts before production ended in 2008 (with the 1G-FE being the final variant). Nissan's first straight-six engine was the 1950–1952 Nissan NAK flathead petrol engine, which continued in various forms until production of the Nissan P engine ended in 2003. The 1963-1965 Nissan K overhead valve petrol engine was used in

814-597: A straight six version of the Chrysler flathead petrol engine. This was replaced by the 1959–2000 Chrysler Slant-6 overhead valve straight-six petrol engine, which was so named due to the 30-degree angle used to reduce the height of the engine (with the trade-off of a wider engine). The Slant-6 was released in the Dodge Dart economy car and used in many models until a V6 engine replaced it after 30 years. The Chevrolet Stovebolt overhead valve straight-six petrol engine

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888-496: A straight-six engine compare favorably with the more common straight-four engines and V6 engines , which experience significant secondary dynamic imbalance, resulting in engine vibration. As engine reciprocating forces increase with the cube of piston bore, the straight-six is a preferred configuration for large truck engines. An even-firing six-cylinder two-stroke engine requires ignitions at 60° intervals, or else it would run with simultaneous ignitions and be no smoother than

962-415: A straight-six was the 1961–1969 Alfa Romeo 2600 executive car before the company switched to V6 engines. Mercedes-Benz's history of straight-six engines began with the 1913 Mercedes D.I aircraft engine. The first automotive straight-six engine was the 1924–1929 Daimler M836 3.9 L petrol engine. Following World War 2, Mercedes resumed production of straight-six engines with the 1951 introduction of

1036-467: A top speed of 210 km/h (130 mph) (205 km/h (127 mph) with automatic transmission) and a 0-100 km/h (62 mph) at 9.5 seconds (11.5 for the automatic transmission). As one of several changes to modernize the aging design a lower, wider grille was incorporated and the facelifted model is often by the Germans referred to as the "flachkühler". The new grille was not a side-effect of enlarging

1110-410: A total of 337,803 W111 saloons were built between 1959 and 1968. Design of a replacement for the two-door Pontons began in 1957. Since most of the chassis and drivetrain were to be unified with the saloon, the scope was focused on the exterior styling. Mercedes chose the work of engineer Paul Bracq , which featured a more square, subtle rear-end treatment, more evocative of the later squarish styling of

1184-500: Is 176 km/h (109 mph) (174 km/h (108 mph) for the auto), acceleration from 0-100 km/h (62 mph) is 13 seconds (15 with automatic transmission). As a successor to the 220b, Mercedes-Benz also introduced the 230 , with the 2306 cm engine fitted into the W110 series car. A total of 41,107 230S models were built through January 1968, when the last of 4-door fintails left the production line. During its almost ten-year run,

1258-402: Is due to the front and rear trio of cylinders moving in pairs (albeit 360° out of phase), thus canceling out the rocking motion present in a straight-three engine . The secondary balance is due to the crank throws being arranged in three planes offset at 120°, resulting in the non-sinusoidal forces summing to zero for all free forces until the sixth order. The engine balance characteristics of

1332-464: Is the German brand BMW , which has always used a straight-six layout for its six-cylinder engines. Since 2017, the trend of switching to V6 engines has reversed due to the ability to create a modular engine family of straight engines sharing many components. Examples include the 2017–present Mercedes-Benz M256 engine , the 2019–present Jaguar Land Rover Ingenium engines (AJ300 and AJ300D versions),

1406-526: The A124 in 1992. [REDACTED] Media related to Mercedes-Benz W111C at Wikimedia Commons Straight-six engine The straight-six engine (also referred to as an inline-six engine ; abbreviated I6 or L6) is a piston engine with six cylinders arranged in a straight line along the crankshaft . A straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance , resulting in fewer vibrations than other designs of six or fewer cylinders. Until

1480-570: The BMW M337 (produced until 1958). Production of straight-six engines resumed in 1968 with the BMW M30 single overhead camshaft engine, built for 27 years and used in various models. The 1978–1989 BMW M88 engine was a double overhead camshaft design that was introduced in the BMW M1 mid-engine sport car. BMW's introduction of turbocharged straight-six engines (aside from the low-volume variants of

1554-508: The Duramax Straight-6 turbocharged diesel engine has been available in several General Motors SUV and light truck models since 2020. On March 25, 2022, Stellantis announced their new turbocharged straight-six engine, called Hurricane. Two outputs are available, a standard 400 or 500 hp (298 or 373 kW; 406 or 507 PS) high performance rated at 450 or 475 pound force-feet (610 or 644 N⋅m) of torque. The turbos on

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1628-752: The E23 7 Series . His 1973 "Turbo" concept car won "Concept Car of the Year" by the Revue Automobile Suisse that year; the car repeated the feat in 1992 in the Bagatelle Concours d'Elegance . Bracq began with Peugeot in 1974, going on to design personal transportation for the Pope and the interiors of the Peugeot 604 and the 505 . He also worked on the 106, 205,305 and 405 and runs

1702-534: The Ford 240 I6 from 1965 through 1972. The Ford 300 cu in (4.9 L) version of the straight-six engine was built from 1965 until 1996, with notable uses in trucks, SUVs, and vans. However, Ford straight-sixes were replaced by V6 engines in passenger cars during the mid-1970s. In 1908, the Oldsmobile Model Z was powered by a flathead straight-six petrol engine, which was produced until 1912 (in

1776-674: The Ford Falcon large sedan was introduced with a locally-built version of the American Ford Straight-6 overhead valve engine. In 1998, these engines were upgraded to a single overhead camshaft design. This was followed in 2002 by the Ford Barra dual overhead camshaft engine in 2002, which was produced in both naturally aspirated and turbocharged versions. The Ford Barra engine remained in use until Ford Australia ceased local production in 2016. The Chrysler Valiant

1850-686: The Mercedes-Benz M180 overhead camshaft engine. In 1985, the Mercedes-Benz OM603 3.0 L diesel straight-six engine was introduced. In 1996, the company replaced its petrol straight-sixes with a series of V6 engines, although it continued producing diesel straight-six engines. Production of petrol straight-six engines resumed in 2017 with the introduction of the Mercedes-Benz M256 turbocharged DOHC engine. Opel began production of straight-six engines in 1927 with

1924-659: The Nissan Cedric Special 50 luxury car. Using a similar design, the Nissan H30 engine was used in several luxury cars from 1965 through 1989. In 1966, Nissan began production of the six-cylinder versions of the Nissan L single overhead camshaft engine, which was produced until 2009. The 1985–2004 Nissan RB engine , used in the Nissan Skyline and several other cars, was produced in single overhead camshaft and dual overhead camshaft configurations until

1998-721: The Nissan Skyline GT-R ) was based on the Prince G engine. Mitsubishi produced six-cylinder versions of the Mitsubishi KE engine from 1963 to 1970, as well as the rare six-cylinder versions of the Mitsubishi 6G34 version of the single overhead camshaft "Saturn" engine from 1970 to 1976. The 2000–2006 Daewoo Magnus (also called the Chevrolet Evanda, Chevrolet Epica, Holden Epica, or Suzuki Verona)

2072-531: The Oldsmobile Limited luxury car) in displacements of 453 cu in (7.4 L), 505 cu in (8.3 L) and 706 cu in (11.6 L). Oldsmobile's next straight-six engine was introduced in the 1913 Oldsmobile Six luxury car, initially with a displacement of 380 cu in (6.2 L), followed by a displacement of 177 cu in (2.9 L) for the 1917-1921 Oldsmobile Model 37 luxury car. The later generations of

2146-536: The Oldsmobile Straight-6 also used a flathead design from its introduction in the 1923 Oldsmobile Model 30 luxury car until it was replaced in 1950 by Oldsmobile's V8 engine. The 1913–1929 Oakland Six luxury car was powered by a flathead petrol engine produced in displacements of 177 cu in (2.9 L) and 334 cu in (5.5 L). In 1926, the Pontiac Six was introduced as

2220-554: The Type 300 series ' 3-litre M189 big block 6-cylinder engine, many standard power features, and a high level of interior and exterior trim. The body of the W110 featured a shorter bonnet, compared to the W111. In May 1965, the 220Sb and 220SEb were replaced by the new 230S. It was visually identical to the 220S, with a modernised 2306 cm M180 engine with twin Zenith carburettors producing 120 hp (89 kW) at 5400 rpm. Top speed

2294-477: The 0.7 L (43 cu in) Benelli 750 Sei motorcycle engine to the 6.7 L (409 cu in) Cummins B Series engine pickup truck engine have also been produced. Due to its well-balanced configuration, the straight-six can be scaled up to substantial sizes for heavy trucks, locomotives, industrial and marine use. If an appropriate firing order is used, a straight-six engine has perfect primary and secondary engine balance . The primary balance

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2368-675: The 1938 Jaguar 3½ Litre sports saloon/coupe and the 1948 Jaguar Mark V luxury car. The 1927 Rover Two-litre luxury car introduced the company's IOE straight-six petrol engine. This engine was used in various Rover models until the Rover P5 was discontinued in 1973, and in various Land Rover models from the 1961 Land Rover Series IIA until 1980 Land Rover Series III . The 1928 Austin 20/6 luxury car introduced Austin's flathead straight-six petrol engine. The 1938-1939 Austin Twenty-Eight used an enlarged version of this engine. This

2442-459: The 1998–2006 Volvo S80 ) used the uncommon design of a transversely-mounted straight-six engine. Production of Volvo straight-six engines ceased in 2015. BMW's first product was the 1917 BMW IIIa straight-six aircraft engine. The company began production of automotive straight-six engines in 1933 with the BMW M78 petrol engine, a 1.2 L overhead valve design that evolved over the years into

2516-569: The 2021–present Stellantis Hurricane engine and the 2022–present Mazda Skyactiv-X and Skyactiv-D engines. Alfa Romeo's first production straight-six engine - 6.3 L flathead petrol engine - was introduced in 1921 in the Alfa Romeo G1 luxury car. An overhead valve design was introduced in the 1922 Alfa Romeo RL sports car, and an overhead camshaft design was used in the 1927 Alfa Romeo 6C sports car and various racing cars from 1927 until 1954. The last Alfa Romeo model using

2590-426: The 220b). The top of the range 220SEb featured Bosch fuel injection producing 120 hp (89 kW) at 4800 rpm, with a top speed of 172 km/h (107 mph) (168 km/h (104 mph) for auto) and a 0–100 km/h (62 mph) time of 14 seconds. In 1961, the W111 chassis and body were shared with the even more basic 4-cylinder W110 and a luxury W112 version built on the W111 chassis with its body and

2664-458: The 250 SE was superseded by the 280 SE. It was powered by the new 2778 cc M130 engine , which produced 160 hp (119 kW) at 5500 rpm. Top speed was hardly affected, but acceleration from 0-100 km/h (62 mph) improved to 10.5 seconds (13 with automatic transmission). Inside, the car received a wood veneer option on the dashboard and other minor changes, including door lock buttons and different heater levers. The hubcaps were changed yet again to

2738-523: The 4-door saloon began in August 1959, which made its debut at the Frankfurt Auto Show in the autumn. Initially the series consisted of the 220b, 220Sb, and 220SEb. These replaced the ( W105 ) 219, the ( W180 ) 220S and the ( W128 ) 220SE Ponton saloons respectively. The 220b was an entry-level version with little chrome trim, simple hubcaps, and basic interior trim that lacked pockets in the doors. Prices were DM 16,750, 18,500 and 20,500, with

2812-739: The Hurricane Standard Output deliver a peak boost of 22 psi, while the Hurricane High Output turbos deliver 26 psi of peak boost. The 3.0 L Hurricane is produced at Stellantis’ Saltillo Engine Plant in Mexico. Toyota's first straight-six engine was the Toyota Type A , produced from 1935 through 1947. The Type A was an overhead-valve petrol engine based on the Chevrolet Stovebolt engine. This

2886-505: The M30 engine in the 1980s) was in 2006 BMW N54 and the production of naturally aspirated engines ceased in 2015. As of 2022 , the BMW B58 turbocharged straight-six engine remains in production, along with its higher performance BMW S58 variants. Rolls-Royce's first straight-six engine was a 6.0 L IOE petrol engine, which was used in the 1905 Rolls-Royce 30 hp luxury car. This car

2960-667: The Opel CIH engine continued until 1993, when a V6 engine replaced it. Volvo began production of straight-six engines with the 1929–1958 Penta DB flathead petrol engines. The company resumed production in 1969 with the Volvo B30 overhead valve petrol engine, followed by the straight-six versions of the Volvo Modular Engine introduced in 1995 and then the Volvo SI6 engine introduced in 2006. Several models (such as

3034-499: The Ponton-derived W111/W112 and W108/W109 was well under way. With a concept car of the first S-Class was shown in 1967, Daimler declined to develop a two-door W108/W109 vehicle, instead continuing production of the aging W111/W112 with modest changes. The 220SE was superseded in early autumn 1965 by the 250SE, which featured the new 2496 cm M129 engine. Producing 150 hp (112 kW) at 5500 rpm, it gave

Mercedes-Benz W111 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3108-525: The application. The six pistons with six unique phases cannot be "paired" as in the four-stroke case. The Detroit engines used a configuration that, once the primary rocking couple was balanced out, was also perfectly balanced at all other rocking couples until the 6th order. Mercury came to use a configuration that canceled only the primary rocking couple and was run without a balancer. The reciprocating masses of all configurations are still imbalanced at only 6th-order and up in their plane of motion. Still,

3182-465: The balance of kinetic energy exchange between pistons has improved to a residual 6th-order-and-up inertial torque oscillation compared with the four-stroke design being imbalanced at 3rd-order and up. Crankshafts for straight-six engines usually have either four main bearings (i.e., a bearing in between each pair of crankpins and one at each end) or seven main bearings (i.e., a bearing between every crankpin): The first production straight-six engine

3256-484: The bulk of the company's revenues. Work on replacing the Pontons began in 1956 with a design focused on passenger comfort and safety. The basic Ponton cabin was widened and squared off, with a large glass greenhouse improving driver visibility . A milestone in car design were front and rear crumple zones for absorbing kinetic energy on impact. The automaker also patented retractable seatbelts . Series production of

3330-637: The design of the TGV high-speed passenger train led by Jacques Cooper. During this time, Bracq was also responsible for prototypes of a sports car based on the BMW 1600Ti and a coupé based on the Simca 1100 . In 1970, Bracq was appointed design director of BMW , where he succeeded Wilhelm Hofmeister ao. E9 series. Bracq was responsible for the initial designs of the BMW E12 5 Series , BMW E21 3 series , E24 6 series and

3404-542: The design studio of Philippe Charbonneaux , serving as his assistant in 1953 and 1954. During this period, the studio produced the designs for the French Presidential limousine built by Citroën , a one-off Pegaso coupe, and other automobiles. Bracq served his mandatory military service from late 1954 through 1957. Subsequently, he worked for Daimler-Benz , heading its design studio in Sindelfingen ,

3478-537: The engine compartment to accommodate the V8 despite popular belief. Front and rear bumpers were also modified with the addition of rubber rub strips; the rear lenses changed to a flatter cleaner design. This change was carried across to the standard 280 SE. As the top of its range, the 280 SE 3.5 is seen as an ideological successor to the W112 300 SE, though it lacked the W112's air suspension . There were plans to place

3552-442: The exclusive two-door M189-powered 300SE. Like the 300 saloon, it was based on the W111 chassis but shared both Daimler's top-range 2996 cm fuel-injected engine and the unique W112 chassis designation, efforts on Mercedes' part to distance it from the maker's modest W110 and W111 lineups and link it to the prestigious W188 300S two-door luxury sports tourer. It was distinguished by a chrome strip, and featured air suspension and

3626-519: The larger M117 V8 engine in the W111 (the model would have been called 280 SE 4.5). The last 280 SE was produced in January 1971, with the 280 SE 3.5 ending in July. The total production over the decade was: 220 SEb - 16,902, 250 SE - 6,213, 280 SE - 5,187, and 280 SE 3.5 - 4,502 units. The grand total of 2-door W111 models was 32,804 of which 7,456 were convertibles. Total production of W112 300 SE models

3700-552: The mid-20th century, the straight-six layout was the most common design for engines with six cylinders. However, V6 engines became more common in the 1970s. By the 2000s, V6 engines replaced most straight-six engines. In terms of packaging, straight-six engines are almost always narrower than a V6 engine or V8 engine , but longer than straight-four engines , V6s, and most V8s. Straight-six engines are typically produced in displacements ranging from 2 to 4 L (122 to 244 cu in), however engines ranging in size from

3774-528: The subsequent W108/W109 than the sharp-edged tailfins of the saloon. Production began in late 1960, with the coupé making its debut at the 75th anniversary of the opening of Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart in February of the next year. The convertible followed at the Frankfurt Auto Show a few months later. Almost identical to the coupé, its soft-top roof folded into a recess behind the rear seat and

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3848-410: The time the company's largest. Somewhat confusingly, both the W111 and W112 lines included vehicles with different Paul Bracq -designed bodywork, the 2-door coupé and cabriolet. Mercedes-Benz emerged from World War II as an automaker in the early 1950s with the expensive 300 Adenauers and exclusive 300 S grand tourers that gained it fame, but it was the simple unibody Pontons which comprised

3922-473: The vehicle a significant improvement in top speed, 193 km/h (120 mph) (188 km/h (117 mph) with automatic transmission), and 0–100 km/h (62 mph) acceleration time of 12 seconds (14 with automatic transmission). Visible changes include new 14-inch wheels, which came with new hub cabs and beauty rings accommodating the larger disc brakes and new rear axle from the W108 family. In November 1967,

3996-736: Was 3,127. The indirect replacement for the coupé was the C107 SLC , which was a hardtop coupé version of the SL roadster, with no link with the S Class range. The true successor of the W111/12 coupé was the C126 (SEC) coupé of 1981. As the R107 SL grew bigger and more luxury oriented, it assumed the position of the top of the range convertible, which meant the true four-seater convertible would disappear from Mercedes-Benz's lineup for nearly two-decades, until

4070-513: Was covered by a tightly fitting leather "boot" in the same color as the seats. Unlike the previous generation of two-door ponton series, the 220SE designation was used for both the coupé and convertible; both received the same version of the 2195 cc M127 engine. Prices in 1962 were 32,500 for the coupé and 36,000 Dutch Guilders for the cabriolet. Options included a sliding sunroof for the coupé, automatic transmission, power steering, and individual rear seats. In March 1962, Mercedes-Benz released

4144-469: Was followed by an IOE version in 1916. The 1951 Hudson Hornet introduced a 308 cu in (5.0 L) flathead straight-six engine. These engines dominated dirt track and NASCAR racing at the time. Production of the Hudson I6 continued after the 1954 merger forming American Motors Corporation and was eventually replaced by a new Rambler V8 after 1956. In 1924, Chrysler began production of

4218-589: Was followed by the AJ6 and AJ16 engines, produced from 1984 to 1996, before being replaced by a Ford-derived V6 engine. The 1948–1959 Lagonda straight-6 dual overhead camshaft petrol engine was used in various Aston Martin and Lagonda cars. This engine's successor was the Tadek Marek-designed straight-six used in the DB4 (1958), DB5 (1963), DB6 (1965) and DBS (1967). The Ford Zephyr 6 overhead valve engine

4292-412: Was followed by the 1962–1988 Chevrolet Turbo-Thrift engine (also using an overhead valve design), which was replaced by various General Motors V6 engines. The 1952 through 2006 AMC Straight-6 petrol engine initially used a flathead design before being upgraded to an overhead valve design in 1956. A new I6 design with a short stroke and seven main bearing crankshaft was introduced in 1964. The engine

4366-423: Was followed by the first generation Toyota F overhead valve engine, which was produced from 1949 to 1975, which in turn was followed by the 2F version from 1975 to 1988 and the fuel-injected 3F / 3FE version from 1988 to 1992. This was replaced by the dual overhead camshaft Toyota FZ engine , produced from 1993 until 2008. Produced alongside these engines was the single overhead camshaft Toyota M engine , which

4440-531: Was introduced in 1929 as a replacement for the brand's straight-four engines and was produced in displacements of 181 cu in (3.0 L), 194 cu in (3.2 L) and 207 cu in (3.4 L). The second generation of this engine family - often referred to as the Blue Flame engine - was produced from 1937 to 1962 in displacements of 216 cu in (3.5 L), 235 cu in (3.9 L) and 261 cu in (4.3 L). This

4514-654: Was introduced in 1962, powered by the American Chrysler Slant 6 . In 1970, the Valiant switched to the Chrysler Hemi-6 overhead valve engine, an Australia-only engine that was produced until Chrysler Australia ceased production of large cars in 1981. Paul Bracq Paul Bracq (born December 13, 1933, Bordeaux, France ) is an automotive designer noted for his work at Mercedes-Benz , BMW , Citroën , and Peugeot . Bracq's career began in

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4588-407: Was introduced in 1965 and produced over seven generations until 1993 (with the 7M-GTE being the final version of the M engine). The M engine was replaced by the dual overhead camshaft Toyota JZ engine , which was produced from 1990 to 2007 and is arguably known as Toyota's best straight-six engine. Toyota's third line of straight-six engines was the 2.0 L Toyota G engine , which was released as

4662-670: Was introduced in the Willys Jeep Station Wagon . At the time of its introduction, the Tornado engine had the lowest specific fuel consumption of an American gasoline (petrol) engine. The Tornado engine was replaced by the AMC I6 engine. In 2001, General Motors resumed production of straight-six engines with the Vortec 4200 dual overhead camshaft petrol engine. This engine was used in various SUV models until 2009. Also,

4736-522: Was introduced in the Dutch Spyker 60 HP racing car in 1903. Straight-six engines increased in popularity in the years after and by 1909, approximately 80 manufacturers were using them (including 62 in the United Kingdom). Prior to the 1950s, V6 engines were rarely used, due to the poorer engine balance of V6 engines compared to straight-six engines. Since the 1980s, however, the shorter length of V6 engines has seen most manufacturers replace straight-six engines with V6 engines. An exception to this trend

4810-471: Was powered by a 1.3-1.6 L overhead camshaft straight-six petrol engine. The 1931–1932 MG F-type tourers, 1932–1934 MG K-type sports cars, and 1934–1936 MG N-type sports cars were powered by an overhead camshaft straight-six petrol engine. During the mid-1930s, the Riley MPH sports car and Riley Kestrel 6 saloon were produced in small numbers and were powered by dual overhead camshaft straight-six petrol engine. The 1947 Bristol 400 luxury car

4884-444: Was powered by an overhead valve straight-six petrol engine based on the design of the BMW M328 engine. This engine remained in use until the Bristol 406 was discontinued in 1961. The dual overhead camshaft Jaguar XK6 engine petrol engine was produced from 1948 to 1992 in the Jaguar XK120 sports car. Introduced as a 3.4 L, it was used in passenger and racing cars, produced in displacements of 2.4 to 4.2 L. The XK6 engine

4958-406: Was powered by the Daewoo XK6 straight-six petrol engine, which is one of the few straight-six engines to be used in a transverse engine front-wheel drive car. From the 1950s to the 2010s, many cars produced in Australia were powered by a straight-six engine. Holden's first car, the 1948 Holden 48-215 sedan, was powered by the Holden 'grey' motor , an overhead valve petrol engine. This engine

5032-419: Was replaced by Chevrolet's straight-six engine and Buick's V6 engine. a The overhead valve Buick Straight-6 petrol engine was introduced in the 1914 Buick Six luxury car and was produced until 1930. Buick did not make another six-cylinder engine until they introduced a V6 engine in 1962. The 1916 through 1926 Hudson Super Six was powered by a 289 cu in (4.7 L) straight-six petrol engine. This

5106-481: Was replaced by the Austin D-Series engine , an overhead valve engine initially designed for trucks, which was used in passenger cars from 1947 until 1968 (along with several Jensen Motors models from 1946 to 1962). The overhead valve BMC C-Series was used by various BMC brands from 1954 to 1971, followed by the 2.2 L version of the BMC E-Series overhead camshaft engine, which was produced from 1970 until 1982. The 1930–1936 Wolseley Hornet six lightweight car

5180-452: Was replaced by the Holden 'red' motor , which was produced from 1963 to 1980 and in turn followed by the 1980–1984 Holden 'blue' motor . The final locally produced Holden straight-six was the 1984–1986 Holden 'black' motor , which was initially replaced by the Japanese-built Nissan RB30 engine before Holden switched to a locally-built V6 engine. Ford produced straight-six engines for the longest time of any Australian manufacturer. In 1960,

5254-420: Was replaced by the 1906–1926 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost , which switched to a flathead (side-valve) design for its straight-six engine. In 1906, the Standard Six luxury car was introduced, powered by a 20 hp (15 kW; 20 PS) I6 petrol engine. Standard's engines were also used in several cars built by SS Cars and its successor Jaguar, such as the 1932 SS 1 sports car, the 1936 SS Jaguar 100 and

5328-467: Was rugged, reliable, and became noted for longevity. A turbocharged racing engine based on the AMC Straight-6 engine block produced 875 hp (652 kW) and competed in the 1978 Indianapolis 500 race. The final application for the AMC Straight-6 engine was the 2006 Jeep Wrangler (TJ) , after which a V6 replaced it. The 1962 through 1973 Jeep Tornado overhead camshaft straight-six engine

5402-575: Was used in several of the company's sports cars. The 1906–1908 Ford Model K luxury car used a 405 cu in (6.6 L) straight-six petrol engine and was the only Ford six-cylinder passenger car engine until the 1940s. The Ford flathead I6 was produced from 1941 until 1951, followed by the Ford OHV I6 overhead valve engine from 1952 through 1964, then the Ford Thriftpower Six overhead valve engine from 1960 until 1982, and

5476-742: Was used in the Ford Zephyr executive car and several other models from 1951 to 1966. The Triumph I6 overhead valve straight-six petrol engine was produced from 1960 to 1977 and debuted in the Standard Vanguard Six sports saloon. The Leyland PE166 engine was loosely based on the Triumph design and was produced from 1977 to 1986. The 1972–1977 TVR 2500M sports car was powered by the Triumph I6 engine. Then, from 1999 to 2007, TVR's own TVR Speed Six dual overhead camshaft engine

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