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52-407: X Games Aspen X Games Ventura The X Games are a series of action sports events founded by ESPN Inc. and aired on ESPN networks and ABC, In late 2022, ESPN sold the long-running property to MSP Sports Capital, a private equity firm co-founded by Jahm Najafi and Jeff Moorad , though the event is still aired on ESPN and ABC despite the ownership change. The X Games have been held all over

104-563: A ski slopestyle competition and Torstein Horgmo 's first landed triple cork in a snowboard competition. The X Games gained media exposure due to their big name sponsors, top-tier athletes, and consistent fan attendance. As the Journal of Sport Management (2006) explains, Generation X and Millennials are the two demographics most highly valued by marketers. This creates a broad approach on marketing towards that certain demographic, which

156-463: A London double-decker bus , wanting to send it down the ski slopes, and the Swiss resort managers refused. Other Club activities included expedition hang gliding from active volcanoes ; the launching of giant (20 m) plastic spheres with pilots suspended in the centre ( zorbing ); microlight flying; and BASE jumping (in the early days of this sport). In recent decades the term extreme sport

208-577: A T-Bar was constructed by Doppelmayr. Called the High Lift, the new T-Bar provided access to the Headwall chutes above Paradise Bowl, and also opened additional expert terrain on the upper part of the mountain. In 1992, Crested Butte entered the high speed lift market, with Poma replacing the Silver Queen bubble double with a high speed quad. The quad services the same terrain as the old lift, but

260-783: A bid to select three host cities in addition to Los Angeles, Aspen, and Tignes , France, to form a six-event calendar for the next three years beginning in 2013. In May 2012, the selected cities were announced: Barcelona , Spain; Munich , Germany; and Foz do Iguaçu , Brazil. The two European cities have hosted the Summer Olympic Games in the past, whereas Brazil has provided several X Games competitors. Since 2010, Winter X Games Europe has been held in Tignes and also began holding events in Norway in 2016. An event in Sydney , Australia

312-436: A conventional one has as much to do with marketing as with the level of danger involved or the adrenaline generated. For example, rugby union is both dangerous and adrenaline-inducing but is not considered an extreme sport due to its traditional image, and because it does not involve high speed or an intention to perform stunts (the aesthetic criteria mentioned above) and also it does not have changing environmental variables for

364-524: A number of black runs such as International. From the top of Silver Queen, skiers and riders can also take a catwalk to Paradise Bowl or access a number of south-facing chutes on this part of the mountain, including Forest and Peel. Above the top of the Silver Queen Express is the Headwall, an area of double-black diamond chutes above Paradise Bowl. These chutes are accessible via the High lift,

416-453: A somewhat necessary part of its appeal, which is partially a result of pressure for athletes to make more money and provide maximum entertainment. Extreme sports is a sub-category of sports that are described as any kind of sport "of a character or kind farthest removed from the ordinary or average". These kinds of sports often carry out the potential risk of serious and permanent physical injury and even death. However, these sports also have

468-573: A successful outcome" by Dr. Rhonda Cohen (2012). While the use of the term "extreme sport" has spread everywhere to describe a multitude of different activities, exactly which sports are considered 'extreme' is debatable. There are, however, several characteristics common to most extreme sports. While they are not the exclusive domain of youth, extreme sports tend to have a younger-than-average target demographic. Extreme sports are also rarely sanctioned by schools for their physical education curriculum. Extreme sports tend to be more solitary than many of

520-476: A t-bar that originates below the top of Silver Queen and tops out at an elevation of 11,875 feet. It also provides access to the Peak (reachable by hiking only). The High Lift also has a midway unload for people not wishing to ride the entire way up. The High Lift is only accessible by taking the Silver Queen Express from the base area and taking a cutoff. Most of the chutes off this t-bar require riding Silver Queen and

572-490: A tendency to reject unified judging methods, with different sports employing their own ideals and indeed having the ability to evolve their assessment standards with new trends or developments in the sports. The origin of the divergence of the term "extreme sports" from "sports" may date to the 1950s in the appearance of a phrase usually, but wrongly, attributed to Ernest Hemingway . The phrase is; There are only three sports: bullfighting, motor racing, and mountaineering; all

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624-560: Is aligned slightly differently so as to provide better access to the High Lift. It also provides access to terrain on all other parts of the mountain as well. Two years later, the Paradise double was replaced with another high speed quad. In 1997, the Keystone triple was replaced with a high speed quad, and the original triple was used to upgrade East River. In 2004, Crested Butte was acquired by Triple Peaks, LLC. The Keystone Express lift

676-620: Is considered an adventure ski destination. It has abundant green and blue groomed trails to more advanced longer trails and the famous extreme limits of the North Face and Headwall. The mountain also features three slope-side restaurants accessible via lift. Summer activities on the mountain include hiking, disc golf, and lift access mountain biking. The town of Crested Butte is known as the origin of mountain biking in Colorado. The lift access mountain bike trails further enhance Crested Butte as

728-712: Is considered pleasurable. Crested Butte Mountain Resort Crested Butte Mountain Resort is a ski resort at Mount Crested Butte in Gunnison County , Colorado , United States . Crested Butte Mountain Resort opened in 1960 when two men—Fred Rice and Dick Eflin—purchased a ranch on Mt. Crested Butte. An operating permit enabling the resort to be built was approved by the United States Forest Service

780-417: Is necessary to ride Paradise to exit this area. To the north of Red Lady is another small peak containing both of Crested Butte's triple chairlifts. Painter Boy provides access into this area from Red Lady and the rest of the mountain, and services beginner and low-intermediate trails. To the northwest, Gold Link accesses additional low-intermediate runs and also provides access to the resort's superpipe (which

832-640: Is surfing, invented centuries ago by the inhabitants of Polynesia , it will become national sport of Hawaii . Disabled people participate in extreme sports. Nonprofit organizations such as Adaptive Action Sports seek to increase awareness of the participation in action sports by members of the disabled community, as well as increase access to the adaptive technologies that make participation possible and to competitions such as The X Games. Extreme sports may be perceived as extremely dangerous, conducive to fatalities, near-fatalities and other serious injuries. The perceived risk in an extreme sport has been considered

884-598: Is the East River trail pod. Serviced by the East River Express lift, it is composed primarily of additional blue trails with names like Floresta and Black Eagle, as well as continuations of a number of trails from Paradise Bowl, but also has a number of mogul runs. East River is also a runout for riders leaving the Extreme Limits chutes off North Face. It is a very remote section of the mountain, as it

936-552: Is why the X Games marketing and economic outlook is so "out of the box". According to a 2008 report by ESPN, in 1997, the Winter X Games inaugural year, 38,000 spectators attended the four-day event. In 1998, the attendance dropped to 25,000 spectators. But just two years later, a record attendance of 83,500 people attended the Winter X Games East Coast debut. As part of the X Games, there have been performances by various rock bands over

988-486: The High Lift. Below the Headwall is Paradise Bowl, a mostly intermediate section of the mountain. The bowl allows for intermediate bowl skiing on a number of blue trails with names like Forest Queen and Ruby Chief. A third high speed quad, the Paradise Express lift, provides access to the trails in this area, as well as the resort's NASTAR course and a ski-cross course (for a couple of years, the ski-cross course

1040-493: The Red Lady Express. In 2021, the resort's last double chairlift, Peachtree, was replaced with a triple chairlift constructed by Skytrac. Crested Butte's base area is on the western edge of the mountain. Out of the base, two learning lifts, Peachtree and Westwall, provide access to beginner and low-intermediate terrain. The sole method of access to most of the mountain's terrain is via one of two high speed quads at

1092-589: The T-Bar area. Peachtree still operates today. In 1979, Riblet constructed the Teocalli double chairlift on the north side of the mountain, providing access to some intermediate trails, and double chairlifts were also built servicing the Paradise Bowl, which opened intermediate trails to the east of Twister as well as the East River area below that. In 1982, Poma constructed a triple chairlift running out of

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1144-730: The athlete's runs. This was a first for ESPN. X Games Asia have been held annually since 1998. In May 2003, the X Games held the Global Championships, a special event where athletes from five continents competed across 11 disciplines. The event was held in two locations: the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas , and Whistler, British Columbia . The final team results, in order, were the United States, Europe, Australia, Asia, and South America. In May 2011, ESPN held

1196-445: The athletes. A feature of such activities in the view of some is their alleged capacity to induce an adrenaline rush in participants. However, the medical view is that the rush or high associated with the activity is not due to adrenaline being released as a response to fear, but due to increased levels of dopamine , endorphins and serotonin because of the high level of physical exertion. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that

1248-445: The base area to replace the double chair Keystone lift, servicing beginner and low intermediate trails on the lower slopes of the mountain. The following year, they expanded the mountain by constructing two additional triple chairlifts, Gold Link and Painter Boy, servicing beginner and intermediate terrain to the north of the main mountain. In 1987, Poma constructed a platter lift servicing the North Face chutes above East River. In 1991,

1300-413: The emotion of intense thrill, usually associated with the extreme sports. Even though some extreme sports present a higher level of risk, people still choose to embark in the experience of extreme sports for the sake of the adrenaline. According to Sigmund Freud , we have an instinctual 'death wish', which is a subconscious inbuilt desire to destroy ourselves, proving that in the seek for the thrill, danger

1352-870: The first modern jumps on 1 April 1979, from the Clifton Suspension Bridge , Bristol, England . They followed the Clifton Bridge effort with a jump from the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California (including the first female bungee jump by Jane Wilmot), and with a televised leap from the Royal Gorge Suspension Bridge in Colorado , sponsored by and televised on the popular American television program That's Incredible! Bungee jumping

1404-402: The following year. The resort struggled on for its first ten years. Some of the first lifts included a t-bar at the base area. In 1963, Crested Butte constructed a top-to-bottom gondola from the base area to near where the bottom of the High Lift is today. The resort was the second resort to open a gondola in Colorado, after Vail Ski Resort opened theirs in 1962. Constructed by Carlevaro-Savio,

1456-699: The four-day event. The winter sports were held in Whistler Blackcomb Resort in British Columbia, and the events included snowboarding and skiing. The first Winter X Games took place at Snow Summit ski resort in Big Bear Lake, California , in 1997. The following two years, X Games was held at Crested Butte Mountain Resort in Colorado. The two years following that, Mount Snow, Vermont , hosted X Games. During X Games Aspen 2015, ESPN used camera drones to capture aerial views of

1508-467: The link to adrenaline and 'true' extreme sports is tentative. Brymer and Gray's study defined 'true' extreme sports as a leisure or recreation activity where the most likely outcome of a mismanaged accident or mistake was death. This definition was designed to separate the marketing hype from the activity. Eric Brymer also found that the potential of various extraordinary human experiences, many of which parallel those found in activities such as meditation,

1560-417: The north end of the base area. On the north, the Red Lady Express lift provides access to additional beginner terrain, as well as access to lifts and trails on the north side of the mountain, as well as Painter Boy. To the south, the Silver Queen Express lift runs from the base all the way up to near the bottom of the Peak. The Silver Queen Express also provides access to advanced intermediate terrain, as well as

1612-628: The origin of the term is unclear but it gained popularity in the 1990s when it was picked up by marketing companies to promote the X Games and when the Extreme Sports Channel and Extreme International launched. More recently, the commonly used definition from research is "a competitive (comparison or self-evaluative) activity within which the participant is subjected to natural or unusual physical and mental challenges such as speed, height, depth or natural forces and where fast and accurate cognitive perceptual processing may be required for

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1664-670: The outcome of the given activity or event. In a traditional sporting event, athletes compete against each other under controlled circumstances. While it is possible to create a controlled sporting event such as X Games, there are environmental variables that cannot be held constant for all athletes. Examples include changing snow conditions for snowboarders , rock and ice quality for climbers , and wave height and shape for surfers . Whilst traditional sporting judgment criteria may be adopted when assessing performance (distance, time, score, etc.), extreme sports performers are often evaluated on more subjective and aesthetic criteria. This results in

1716-453: The popular traditional sports (rafting and paintballing are notable exceptions, as they are done in teams). Activities categorized by media as extreme sports differ from traditional sports due to the higher number of inherently uncontrollable variables. These environmental variables are frequently weather and terrain-related, including wind, snow, water and mountains. Because these natural phenomena cannot be controlled, they inevitably affect

1768-459: The potential to produce drastic benefits on mental and physical health and provide opportunity for individuals to engage fully with life. Extreme sports trigger the release of the hormone adrenaline , which can facilitate performance of stunts. It is believed that the implementation of extreme sports on mental health patients improves their perspective and recognition of aspects of life. In outdoor adventure sports, participants get to experience

1820-474: The resorts owned by Triple Peaks. Triple Peaks continued to operate them under a lease. In 2016, CNL sold the Triple Peaks-operated properties to Och-Ziff Capital Management . On June 4, 2018, Vail Resorts announced plans to acquire Crested Butte Mountain Resort. In 2019, the Teocalli lift was replaced with a fixed grip quad constructed by Skytrac, and realigned to end nearer to the top of

1872-502: The rest are merely games. The implication of the phrase was that the word "sport" defined an activity in which one might be killed, other activities being termed "games." The phrase may have been invented by either writer Barnaby Conrad or automotive author Ken Purdy . The Dangerous Sports Club of Oxford University , England was founded by David Kirke, Chris Baker, Ed Hulton and Alan Weston . They first came to wide public attention by inventing modern day bungee jumping , by making

1924-754: The summer of 1995 in Providence and Newport in Rhode Island . The competition often features new tricks such as Tony Hawk 's 900 in skateboarding , Shaun White 's Double McTwist 1260 in snowboard , Dave Mirra 's Double Backflip in BMX, Travis Pastrana 's Double Backflip in freestyle motocross , Heath Frisby 's first snowmobile frontflip, Chuck Carothers's first body varial in freestyle motocross, Henrik Harlaut 's first nose-butter triple cork in Ski Big Air, Gus Kenworthy 's first switch triple rodeo in

1976-461: The three networks that carried coverage of the event – ABC Sports, ESPN, and ESPN2  – exceeded 2001's household average by 30% according to Nielsen Media Research. The event also reached record highs in several demographic categories. To accommodate the first-time live coverage, nighttime competitions were added, resulting in record attendance for the Aspen / Snowmass venue in Colorado. 2002

2028-527: The three-person Silver Queen Gondola was notorious for being cramped and the cabins were known to have frequent collisions. The gondola lasted until summer of 1973, when a bubble double chairlift replaced it. Other opening lifts included a Doppelmayr T-Bar that serviced the training hill on Buckley. Riblet constructed a double chairlift called Twister in 1969 to supplement the Silver Queen Gondola. The lift serviced expert and advanced trails on

2080-420: The west slope of the mountain, but following the additions of the Silver Queen and Paradise quads only operated sporadically until 2013 when it was removed from service. In 1973, a bubble double replaced the old gondola and provided main access out of the base area for the next twenty years. Another double chairlift, Peachtree, was built at the base area to service a set of learning trails between Silver Queen and

2132-412: The world and typically include sports such as skateboarding , BMX , freestyle motocross , skiing and snowboarding . Participants compete to win bronze, silver, and gold medals, in addition to prize money. X Games events also feature music and culture elements like live music performances, athlete autograph sessions, and interactive, family-friendly exhibitions. The inaugural X Games were held during

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2184-410: The years, as well as a DJ being on-site at all events. The X Games have made it a point since its founding to stage an eco-friendly event. Such measures include using biodiesel fuel in their vehicles and organizing recycling campaigns. The X Games Aspen 2002 was the first time an X Games event was televised live and also had coverage by ESPN's flagship news program, SportsCenter . Viewership across

2236-503: Was an important part of the extreme sport experience. Those experiences put the participants outside their comfort zone and are often done in conjunction with adventure travel . Some of the sports have existed for decades and their proponents span generations, some going on to become well known personalities. Rock climbing and ice climbing have spawned publicly recognizable names such as Edmund Hillary , Chris Bonington , Wolfgang Güllich and more recently Joe Simpson . Another example

2288-428: Was conceived as a result of efforts to equip a surfboard with a sailing boat's propulsion system (mast and sail). Kitesurfing on the other hand was conceived by combining the propulsion system of kite buggying (a parafoil ) with the bi-directional boards used for wakeboarding . Wakeboarding is in turn derived from snowboarding and waterskiing . Some contend that the distinction between an extreme sport and

2340-566: Was filmed at the 2001 X Games in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and X Games 3D: The Movie was filmed at the 2008 X Games and Winter X Games in Los Angeles, California and Aspen, Colorado. In An Extremely Goofy Movie , the X Games play a key role in the plot. Max Goof participates in them with P.J. Pete and Robert “Bobby” Zimuruski while living at college. Action sport There is no precise definition of an 'extreme sport' and

2392-483: Was further promoted after the Extreme Sports Channel , Extremesportscompany.com launched and then the X Games, a multi-sport event was created and developed by ESPN . The first X Games (known as 1995 Extreme Games) were held in Newport , Providence , Mount Snow , and Vermont in the United States. Certain extreme sports clearly trace back to other extreme sports, or combinations thereof. For example, windsurfing

2444-536: Was held in 2018 and winter and summer events were also planned for 2019 and 2020 in China and a return trip to Norway in 2020. X Games Chiba, the first edition to take place in Japan , was introduced in 2022. Moto X Freestyle Moto X 110 Summarized from ESPN.com Two movies were filmed at the X Games. Ultimate X: The Movie

2496-719: Was originally in Paradise Bowl on Canaan until 2009). A fixed-grip quad, Prospect, provides access to additional trails to the east of Gold Link. Crested Butte has twelve chairlifts, and two magic carpets. Known for offering extreme and diverse terrain, the mountain is considered one of the birthplaces of freeskiing . They have helped revolutionize skiing by starting freeski and Telemark skiing extremes competitions. Crested Butte has also been called home for many revolutionary skiers such as Seth Morrison and FIS Alpine Ski World Cup and Winter Olympics athlete Wendy Fisher , as well as extreme sports film production company Matchstick Productions . Crested Butte Mountain Resort,

2548-555: Was renamed the Red Lady Express, while the North Face platter was replaced with a t-bar. A fixed-grip quad, Prospect, was also constructed in the Painter Boy area to open up new terrain in the area east of Gold Link and provide ski-in-ski-out access. In 2005, another fixed-grip quad, West Wall, replaced the T-bar on Buckley. In 2006, a high speed quad replaced the East River triple chairlift. In 2008, CNL Lifestyle Properties acquired

2600-497: Was the first time X Games was held in Aspen at Buttermilk Mountain. X Games has been held in Aspen every winter since 2002. Also in 2002, ESPN announced the establishment of the X Games Global Championship. The Global Championship featured two distinct venues hosting competitions in summer and winter action sports simultaneously. It consisted of six teams of the world's top athletes, grouped together by their region of origin, to compete in

2652-510: Was the location of a terrain park). A double chairlift, Teocalli, services some additional trails to the west of Paradise during peak periods. The Paradise Express also provides access to the North Face T-Bar, which services the Extreme Limits terrain east of Paradise Bowl. These double-black chutes are relatively remote, as they require using three lifts for roundtrip skiing (East River, Paradise, and North Face). Below Paradise Bowl

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2704-513: Was treated as a novelty for a few years, then became a craze for young people, and is now an established industry for thrill seekers. The club also pioneered a surrealist form of skiing, holding three events at St. Moritz , Switzerland , in which competitors were required to devise a sculpture mounted on skis and ride it down a mountain. The event reached its limits when the Club arrived in St. Moritz with

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