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95-511: The subnotebooks were designed for sale to government-education systems which then would give each primary school child their own laptop. Pricing was set to start at US $ 188 in 2006, with a stated goal to reach the $ 100 mark in 2008 and the 50-dollar mark by 2010. When offered for sale in the Give One Get One campaigns of Q4 2006 and Q4 2007, the laptop was sold at $ 199. The rugged , low-power computers use flash memory instead of

190-483: A hard disk drive (HDD), and come with a pre-installed operating system derived from Fedora Linux , with the Sugar graphical user interface (GUI). Mobile ad hoc networking via 802.11s Wi-Fi mesh networking , to allow many machines to share Internet access as long as at least one of them could connect to an access point, was initially announced, but quickly abandoned after proving unreliable. The latest version of

285-566: A battery which was intended to be standard rather than only useful for Compaq products. IBM released a Palm Top PC (handheld laptop with 4.7" screen) in 1995. IBM had sold "thin and light" models in its ThinkPad range, such as the ThinkPad 560 ultraportable (1996) and best-selling ThinkPad 600 (1998). It finally entered the subnotebook market in 1999 with the 1.3 kg ThinkPad 240 , targeted at business travellers. The 240 and 240X had 10.4″ screens. Later, however, IBM replaced these with

380-408: A color image composed of both RGB and grayscale information. When lit primarily from the front by ambient light, for example from the sun, the display shows a monochromatic (black and white) image composed of just the grayscale information. "Mode" change occurs by varying the relative amounts backlight and ambient light. With more backlight, a higher chrominance is available and a color image display

475-522: A common fallacy among programmers that using memory is good: on current hardware it is often much faster to recompute values than to have to reference memory to get a precomputed value. A full cache miss can be hundreds of cycles, and hundreds of times the power use of an instruction that hits in the first level cache." On August 4, 2006, the Wikimedia Foundation announced that static copies of selected Misplaced Pages articles would be included on

570-807: A few notable smaller-than subnotebook PCs at this time, including the Atari Portfolio and HP 95LX — both very small MS-DOS machines, roughly comparable in size to later handheld PCs. At the end of 1992, PCMag magazine described two models as subnotebooks: these were the Gateway HandBook the Dell 320SLi (both less than a 1.6 kg weight), and another was released in Italy: the Olivetti Quaderno . Apple and Compaq did not label their machines as "subnotebooks" in this period, but

665-477: A finger. The full width was a resistive sensor which, though never supported by software, was intended to be used with a stylus. This unusual feature was eliminated in the CL1A hardware revision because it suffered from erratic pointer motion. Alps Electronics provided both the capacitive and resistive components of the mousepad. The first XO prototype, displayed in 2005, had a built-in hand-crank generator for charging

760-460: A laptop is intended. Around half of these have been manufactured for prototype machines. There are parts of the world which do not have a standard keyboard representing their language. As Negroponte states this is "because there's no real commercial interest in making a keyboard". One example of where the OLPC has bridged this gap is in creating an Amharic keyboard for Ethiopia . For several languages,

855-489: A map-like view of nearby connected users. The current active program is displayed in full-screen mode. Much of the core Sugar interface uses icons, bypassing localization issues. Sugar is also defined as having no folders present in the UI. Jim Gettys , responsible for the laptops' system software, has called for a re-education of programmers, saying that many applications use too much memory or even leak memory . "There seems to be

950-433: A metal chassis (trademark is still active) The Epson HX-20 , released in 1982, was the first portable computer to be classified by journalists as a " notebook computer ". This nomenclature derives from its footprint roughly occupying the same dimensions as an A4 -sized notebook, small enough to fit inside a briefcase. The similarly designed TRS-80 Model 100 from 1983 was the first commercially successful notebook and

1045-485: A minimal image of Fedora Linux which includes just the bare essentials. This is not to be confused with Fedora Core. It is meant for deployment in cloud computing . It provides Fedora CoreOS images which are optimized minimal images for deploying containers. CoreOS replaced the established Container Linux when it was merged with Project Atomic after its acquisition by Red Hat in January 2018. Similar to Debian blends ,

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1140-434: A much brighter display for a given amount of backlight illumination: while the color filters in a regular display typically absorb 85% of the light that hits them, this display absorbs little of that light. Most LCD screens at the time used cold cathode fluorescent lamp backlights which were fragile, difficult or impossible to repair, required a high voltage power supply, were relatively power-hungry, and accounted for 50% of

1235-464: A new system branding called Ultrabooks ; these very much match the prior description of subnotebooks - they used lower-powered processors (but not as low-end as netbooks) and with each generation of Intel processors, the lower-powered U-series processors became a larger part of mainstream sales. typically lacked optical drives and legacy ports, and were generally compact, but as marketed the two terms were rarely used together. Noticeable releases: In 2007

1330-580: A novel low-cost liquid crystal display (LCD). The electronic visual display is the costliest component in most laptops. In April 2005, Negroponte hired Mary Lou Jepsen , who was interviewing to join the Media Arts and Sciences faculty at the MIT Media Lab in September 2008, as OLPC Chief Technology Officer . Jepsen developed a new display for the first-generation OLPC laptop, inspired by

1425-581: A permanently-attached keyboard intended for two-handed typing. Prior to this convergence, subnotebooks were also distinguished from netbooks and ultra-mobile PCs , based on both size and market position. Subnotebooks run full desktop class operating systems. Classic subnotebooks were smaller than full-sized laptops but larger than handheld computers . They were distinguished by smaller screens and bodies and lighter weights relative to contemporaneous laptops. The savings in size and weight were often achieved partly by omitting ports , and these were typically

1520-713: A relatively short life cycle: Each version is usually supported for at least 13 months, where version X is supported only until 1 month after version X +2 is released and with approximately 6 months between most versions. Fedora users can upgrade from version to version without reinstalling. The default desktop environment is GNOME , and the default user interface is the GNOME Shell . Other desktop environments are available, including KDE Plasma , Xfce , LXQt , LXDE , MATE , Cinnamon , and Budgie as well as window managers including i3 , and Sway . A live media drive can be created using Fedora Media Writer or

1615-415: A relatively short life cycle: version X is supported only until 1 month after version X +2 is released and with approximately 6 months between most versions, meaning a version of Fedora is usually supported for at least 13 months, possibly longer. Fedora users can upgrade from version to version without reinstalling. The current release is Fedora 41, which was released on 29 October 2024. Rawhide

1710-733: A result). The name of Fedora derives from the original "Fedora Linux", a volunteer project that provided extra software for the Red Hat Linux distribution, and from the characteristic fedora hat used in Red Hat's "Shadowman" logo. Warren Togami began Fedora Linux in 2002 as an undergraduate project at the University of Hawaii , intended to provide a single repository for well-tested third-party software packages so that non-Red Hat software would be easier to find, develop, and use. The key difference between Fedora Linux and Red Hat Linux

1805-477: A standard plug-in power supply, human and solar power sources are available, allowing operation far from a commercial power grid. Mary Lou Jepsen has listed the design goals of the device as follows: In keeping with its goals of robustness and low power use, the design of the laptop intentionally omits all motor-driven moving parts; it has no hard disk drive , optical ( compact disc (CD) or Digital Versatile Disc DVD ) media, floppy disk drive, or fan (the device

1900-450: A variety of security policies, including mandatory access controls , which Fedora adopted early on. Fedora provides a hardening wrapper, and does hardening for all of its packages by using compiler features such as position-independent executable (PIE). Fedora also ships with firewalld as a default firewall . Fedora Workstation comes preinstalled with a wide range of software such as LibreOffice and Firefox . Additional software

1995-503: Is a mini HDMI port to allow connecting to a display. The XO Tablet was designed by third-party Vivitar , rather than OLPC, and based on the Android platform whereas all previous XO models were based on Sugar running on top of Fedora. It is commercially available and has been used in OLPC projects. Countries are expected to remove and add software to best adapt the laptop to the local laws and educational needs. As supplied by OLPC, all of

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2090-432: Is a type of laptop computer that is smaller and lighter than a typical notebook-sized laptop. As typical laptop sizes have decreased over the course of the 2010s, and other distinguishing features have become mainstream, the distinction between regular-size and 'subnotebook' laptops has largely disappeared. To the extent that it still exists, 'subnotebook' could be defined as machines with screen smaller than 13" but with

2185-485: Is a variant of Fedora Workstation. It is an atomic desktop operating system. Every Silverblue installation is identical to every other installation of the same version, and it never changes as it is used. The immutable design is intended to make the operating system more stable, less prone to bugs , easier to test and develop, and create a platform for containerized applications as well as container-based software development. Applications and containers are kept separate from

2280-460: Is also the distribution used by Linus Torvalds , creator of the Linux kernel (as of May 2020 ). Fedora has a reputation for focusing on innovation, integrating new technologies early on and working closely with upstream Linux communities. Making changes upstream instead of specifically for Fedora Linux ensures that the changes are available to all Linux distributions . Fedora Linux has

2375-803: Is available from the software repositories and can be installed using the DNF package manager or GNOME Software . Additionally, extra repositories can be added to the system, so that software not available in Fedora Linux can be installed easily. Software that is not available via official Fedora repositories, either because it does not meet Fedora's definition of free software or because its distribution may violate US law , can be installed using third-party repositories. Popular third-party repositories include RPM Fusion free and non-free repositories. Fedora also provides users with an easy-to-use build system for creating their own repositories called Copr. Since

2470-678: Is creating a free and open source port of the game SimCity to the OLPC with the blessing of Will Wright and Electronic Arts , and demonstrated SimCity running on the OLPC at the Game Developer's Conference in March 2007. The free and open source SimCity plans were confirmed at the same conference by SJ Klein, director of content for the OLPC, who also asked game developers to create "frameworks and scripting environments—tools with which children themselves could create their own content." The laptop's security architecture, known as Bitfrost ,

2565-610: Is credited with spawning an industry of smaller portable computers. Like the HX-20, the Model 100 was smaller than contemporary clam-shell machines; both use a slate form factor, with no hinge and the keyboard and screen on the same plane. The Model 100's later sibling the Tandy 200 was a clam-shell design and smaller than contemporary laptops. The NEC UltraLite , launched in 1988, was the first clamshell "notebook computer" compatible with

2660-557: Is for servers . It includes the latest data center technologies. This edition does not come with a desktop environment , but one can be installed. From Fedora 28, Server Edition will deliver Fedora Modularity, adding support for alternative update streams for popular software such as Node.js and Go . Images of Fedora Linux tailored to running on Internet of Things devices. It supports x86_64 , aarch64 and armhfp processors . The successor of Fedora Atomic Host (Project Atomic) and Container Linux after Fedora 29, it provides

2755-594: Is nicknamed ceibalita in Uruguay after the Ceibal project . The hand-crank system for powering the laptop was abandoned by designers shortly after it was announced, and the "mesh" internet-sharing approach performed poorly and was then dropped. Bill Gates of Microsoft criticized the screen quality. Some critics of the program would have preferred less money being spent on technology and more money being spent on clean water and "real schools". Some supporters worried about

2850-623: Is now the upstream source for CentOS Stream and Red Hat Enterprise Linux . Since the release of Fedora 21 in December 2014, three editions have been made available: personal computer , server and cloud computing . This was expanded to five editions for containerization and Internet of Things (IoT) as of the release of Fedora 37 in November 2022. A new version of Fedora Linux is released every six months. As of February 2016 , Fedora Linux has an estimated 1.2 million users, and

2945-400: Is passively cooled). No Serial ATA interface is needed due to the lack of hard drive. Storage is via an internal SD card slot. There is also no PC card slot, although Universal Serial Bus ( USB ) ports are included. A built-in hand- crank generator was part of the notebook in the original design; however, it is now an optional clamp-on peripheral. The first-generation OLPC laptops have

OLPC XO - Misplaced Pages Continue

3040-527: Is seen. As ambient light levels, such as sunlight, exceed the backlight, a grayscale display is seen; this can be useful when reading e-books for an extended time in bright light such as sunlight. The backlight brightness can also be adjusted to vary the level of color seen in the display and to conserve battery power. In color mode (when lit primarily from the rear), the display does not use the common RGB pixel geometry for liquid crystal computer displays, in which each pixel contains three tall thin rectangles of

3135-408: Is the development tree for Fedora. This is a copy of a complete Fedora distribution where new software is added and tested, before inclusion in a later stable release. As such, Rawhide is often more feature rich than the current stable release. In many cases, the software is made of CVS , Subversion or Git source code snapshots which are often actively developed by programmers. Although Rawhide

3230-470: Is yet available running at the data-link layer ( Layer 2 ) on the Wi-Fi subsystem's co-processor; this is critical to OLPC's power efficiency scheme. Whether Marvell Technology Group , the producer of the wireless chip set and owner of the current meshing protocol software, will make the firmware open source is still an unanswered question. As of 2011, it has not done so. Yves Behar is the chief designer of

3325-575: The ASUS Eee PC became the first of a new class of low-cost laptops commonly called netbooks . Netbooks are typically based upon the Atom processors, while other subnotebooks use more powerful processors such as ULV types. In 2008, Apple introduced the MacBook Air , which the company claimed was the world's thinnest notebook. This model was notable for offering no built-in optical drive. In

3420-526: The IBM PC , a platform whose market share dominated the microcomputer industry throughout the 1980s onward. Its relatively small dimensions — 48 × 220 × 280 mm (1.4 × 8.3 × 11.75 inches) — matched those of a pair of stacked US Letter (similar to A4 ) size paper notebooks. Owing to its lack of a floppy drive (in favor of proprietary solid-state storage), the UltraLite did not see massive uptake by

3515-525: The Pentium 4 mobile chips, the mobile Pentium III remained available because of high power consumption on the Pentium 4 leading to high heat and short battery life. This was followed by the Pentium M , which was a dedicated line of mobile processors with no desktop equivalent. This era also featured processors from Transmeta , intended to be extremely power efficient. One of the most notable Sony models

3610-814: The Portege T3400 and T3400CT, claiming that "It's the first subnotebook computer with all the functionality of a much larger computer"; the T3400CT was the first subnotebook with a color screen. in 1995, Tosbiba introduced the Libretto 20 , with a 6.1″ screen; CNet reported about the Libretto 50CT that "[it] is the first full-fledged Windows 95 notebook in the United States weighing less than two pounds". Compaq introduced its own short lived subnotebook line in 1994 called Contura Aero , notable for using

3705-549: The PowerBook Duo and Compaq LTE Lite otherwise qualify, and both lines were among the first to broadly popularize docking stations . Another early model was the Hewlett-Packard OmniBook 300 , which was launched as a "superportable" in 1993; it was one of the first examples to use a flash memory disk instead of a hard drive, to reduce the weight. Toshiba , also entered the market that year with

3800-567: The Ultrabook branding for premium thin-and-light laptops. Over the next several years, specific marketing of laptops as "subnotebooks" died out, and since 2017 the term is essentially dead in mainstream branding. As of the early 2020s plenty of smaller laptops remain on the market which could adequately be described as subnotebooks, ranging from the likes of the GPD Pocket (7-inch display) to Microsoft Surface Laptop Go (12-inch display), and

3895-699: The dd command, allowing users to try Fedora Linux without writing any changes to their hard drives. Most Fedora Linux editions use the RPM package management system and DNF as a tool to manage installed software. DNF uses libsolv, an external dependency resolver. Flatpak is also included by default. The CoreOS and Silverblue editions are designed for operating system-level virtualization . These editions use rpm-ostree (a hybrid transactional image/package system), and traditional RPM (or other package management systems) can be used in containers. Fedora Linux uses Security-Enhanced Linux by default, which implements

OLPC XO - Misplaced Pages Continue

3990-557: The software on the laptop will be free and open source . All core software is intended to be localized to the languages of the target countries. The underlying software includes: The laptop uses the Sugar graphical user interface, written in Python , on top of the X Window System and the Matchbox window manager . This interface is not based on the typical desktop metaphor but presents an iconic view of programs and documents and

4085-465: The store and forward Motoman project have supported email services to 1000 schoolchildren in Cambodia , according to Negroponte. The data rate should be sufficient for asynchronous network applications (such as email) to communicate outside the cloud; interactive uses, such as web browsing, or high-bandwidth applications, such as video streaming should be possible inside the cloud. The IP assignment for

4180-533: The wireless mesh network . Whenever the laptop is powered on it can participate in a mobile ad hoc network (MANET) with each node operating in a peer-to-peer fashion with other laptops it can hear, forwarding packets across the cloud. If a computer in the cloud has access to the Internet —either directly or indirectly—then all computers in the cloud are able to share that access. The data rate across this network will not be high; however, similar networks, such as

4275-537: The 2-watt target. In e-book mode (XO 1.5), all hardware sub-systems except the monochrome dual-touch display are powered down. When the user moves to a different page, the other systems wake up, render the new page on the display, and then go back to sleep. Power use in this e-book mode is estimated to be 0.3 to 0.8 W. The XO 2.0 is planned to consume even less power than earlier versions, less than 1.0 W in full color mode. Power options include batteries, solar power panels, and human-powered generators, which make

4370-497: The Cornell-UVA project could use the name when clearly associated with open source software for digital object repository systems and that Red Hat could use the name when it was clearly associated with open source computer operating systems. In April 2020, project leader Matthew Miller announced that Fedora Workstation would be shipping on select new ThinkPad laptops, thanks to a new partnership with Lenovo . Development of

4465-599: The Fedora Project also distributes custom variations of Fedora Linux called Fedora Labs. These are built with specific sets of software packages, targeting specific interests such as gaming, security, design, robotics, and scientific computing (that includes SciPy , Octave , Kile , Xfig and Inkscape ). The Fedora AOS (Appliance Operating System) was a specialized spin of Fedora Linux with reduced memory footprint for use in software appliances . Appliances are pre-installed, pre-configured, system images. This spin

4560-500: The Industrial Design Society of America's International Design Excellence Awards (IDEAs). The XO-1 is designed to be low-cost, small, durable, and efficient. It is shipped with a slimmed-down version of Fedora Linux and a custom GUI named Sugar that is intended to help young children collaborate. The XO-1 includes a video camera, a microphone, long-range Wi-Fi, and a hybrid stylus and touchpad . Along with

4655-509: The KDE, Sway, and Budgie spins are provided as OSTree-backed immutable spins named Kinoite, Sway Atomic, and Budgie Atomic respectively. In addition to Spins, which are official variants of the Fedora system, the project allows unofficial variants to use the term "Fedora Remix" without asking for further permission, although a different logo (provided) is required. x86-64 and ARM AArch64 are

4750-781: The OLPC XO is the XO-4 Touch, was introduced in 2012. The first early prototype was unveiled by the project's founder Nicholas Negroponte and then-United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan on November 16, 2005, at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Tunis , Tunisia. The device shown was a rough prototype using a standard development board. Negroponte estimated that the screen alone required three more months of development. The first working prototype

4845-499: The US in 1997 as the VAIO 505GX. This was followed by the even thinner Sony VAIO X505, which measured just 0.8 × 8.2 × 10.2 inches, and reached 0.3″ at its thinnest. However, it was very expensive and had poor battery life, and was soon withdrawn. Apple replaced the aging PowerBook Duo line with relatively light-weight (4.4 lb (2.0 kg)) but short-lived PowerBook 2400c ; this

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4940-466: The United States, its territories, and Canadian addresses) from November 12, 2007 until December 31, 2007. For each computer purchased at a cost of $ 399, an XO is also sent to a child in a developing nation. OLPC again restarted the G1G1 program through Amazon.com in November 2008, but has since stopped as of December 2008 or 2009. On May 20, 2008, OLPC announced the next generation of XO, OLPC XO-2 which

5035-516: The X range, with 12.1″ screens. In 1997 Mitsubishi Electric released ultra-compact 12.1" Mitsubishi Pedion laptop line with ultrathin magnesium case (18 × 218 × 297 mm) and chiclet keyboard. This short-living model line was sold only in Japan, and was discontinued after some hardware issues. Sony launched an ultraportable (ultrathin) less than an inch thick in Japan - the PCG-505, which reached

5130-484: The XO self-powered equipment . 10 batteries at once can be charged from the school building power in the XO multi-battery charger. The low power use, combined with these power options are useful in many countries that lack a power infrastructure. IEEE 802.11b support will be provided using a Wi-Fi "Extended Range" chip set. Jepsen has said the wireless chip set will be run at a low bit rate, 2  Mbit/s maximum rather than

5225-406: The XO project and wanted the formerly open source effort to run Windows. Negroponte agreed to provide engineer assistance to Microsoft to facilitate their efforts. During this time, the project mission statement changed to remove mentions of "open source". A number of developers, such as Ivan Krstić and Walter Bender , resigned because of these changes in strategy. The version of Windows that ran on

5320-588: The XO was Windows XP . Approximately 400 developer boards (Alpha-1) were distributed in mid-2006; 875 working prototypes (Beta 1) were delivered in late 2006; 2400 Beta-2 machines were distributed at the end of February 2007; full-scale production started November 6, 2007. Quanta Computer , the project's contract manufacturer, said in February 2007 that it had confirmed orders for one million units. Quanta indicated that it could ship five million to ten million units that year because seven nations had committed to buy

5415-700: The XO-1 display's perceived color resolution as effectively 984(H) × 738(V). A conventional liquid crystal display with the same number of green pixels (green carries most brightness or luminance information for human eyes) as the OLPC XO-1 would be 693 × 520. Unlike a standard RGB LCD, resolution of the XO-1 display varies with angle. Resolution is greatest from upper-right to lower left, and lowest from upper-left to lower-right. Images which approach or exceed this resolution will lose detail and gain color artifacts. The display gains resolution when in bright light; this comes at

5510-426: The XO-1 for their schoolchildren: Argentina, Brazil, Libya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Thailand, and Uruguay. Quanta plans to offer machines very similar to the XO-1 on the open market. The One Laptop Per Child project originally stated that a consumer version of the XO laptop was not planned. In 2007, the project established a website, laptopgiving.org , for outright donations and for a "Give 1 Get 1" offer valid (but only to

5605-560: The battery. The XO-1 beta, released in early 2007, used a separate hand-crank generator. The XO-1 was released in late 2007. The XO 1.5 was released in early 2010. The XO 1.75 began development in 2010, with full production starting in February 2012. The XO 2, previously scheduled for release in 2010, was canceled in favor of XO 3. With a price target $ 75 , it had an elegant, lighter, folding dual touch-screen design. The hardware would have been open-source and sold by various manufacturers. A choice of operating system ( Windows XP or Linux)

5700-461: The design of small LCDs used in portable DVD players, which she estimated would cost about $ 35. In the OLPC XO-1, the screen is estimated to be the second most costly component, after the central processing unit (CPU) and chipset . Jepsen has described the removal of the filters that color the RGB subpixels as the critical design innovation in the new LCD . Instead of using subtractive color filters,

5795-470: The display uses a plastic diffraction grating and lenses on the rear of the LCD to illuminate each pixel . This grating pattern is stamped using the same technology used to make DVDs . The grating splits the light from the white backlight into a spectrum. The red, green, and blue components are diffracted into the correct positions to illuminate the corresponding pixel with R, G or B . This innovation results in

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5890-482: The expense of color (as the backlight is overpowered) and color resolution can never reach the full 200 dpi sharpness of grayscale mode because of the blur which is applied to images in color mode. The laptop design specification goals are about 2  W of power consumed during normal use, far less than the 10 W to 45 W of conventional laptops. With build 656, power use is between 5 and 8 watts measured on G1G1 laptop. Future software builds are expected to meet

5985-415: The first machines to omit optical disc drives or on some of the earliest models, floppy disk drives. They were also some of the first systems which could be paired with docking stations to compensate. One notable form-factor of subnotebook-oriented docks were "slice docks" — a more transportable version of the classic docking station. 2018-current (Asia only) most often Intel Atom particularly

6080-827: The general public. The first commercially successful notebook in this vein, the Compaq LTE , was released in 1989 to critical acclaim and high sales. The success of the LTE convinced IBM and Apple to release their own slimmer laptops, starting with the PS/2 Model L40 SX and the PowerBook 100 , respectively. IBM replaced the L40 SX with the PS/2 note in early 1992 and the ThinkPad line in late 1992. There were also

6175-439: The host system. OS updates are fast and there is no installation stage. With Silverblue, it is also possible to roll back to the previous version of the operating system, if something goes wrong. Fedora Silverblue was previously known as Fedora Atomic Workstation. The descriptive name for this product is image-mode container-based Fedora Workstation based on rpm-ostree, which is clear but unsuitable for branding. The team preferred

6270-709: The introduction of the Intel Atom , ultra-low-voltage processors which has since having become mainstream, and the use of ARM microprocessors. Another notable implementation was a migrate from CCFL screen backlit to more energy-efficiently and compact LED-backlit screens. On the other hand, over the course of the 2010s, with growing of sales for mainstream users, optical drives and legacy ports became uncommon, and some classic subnotebook features (like additional replaceable batteries, alternative input methods, docking options, Smart Cards, mobile broadband modules, additional storage) become rare. At Computex 2011 Intel announced

6365-432: The keyboard is the first ever created for that language. Negroponte has demanded that the keyboard not contain a caps lock key, which frees up keyboard space for new keys such as a future "view source" key. Beneath the keyboard was a large area that resembled a very wide touchpad . The capacitive portion of the mousepad was an Alps GlidePoint touchpad, which was in the central third of the sensor and could be used with

6460-659: The lack of plans for teaching students. The program was based on constructionism , which is the idea that, if they had the tools, the kids would largely figure out how to do things on their own. Others wanted children to learn the Microsoft Windows operating system, rather than OLPC's lightweight Linux derivative, on the belief that the children would use Microsoft Windows in their careers. Intel's Classmate PC used Microsoft Windows and sold for US$ 200 to 400 . Subnotebook Subnotebook , also called ultraportable , superportable , mini notebook or mini laptop ,

6555-533: The laptops. Jimmy Wales , chair of the Wikimedia Foundation, said that "OLPC's mission goes hand in hand with our goal of distributing encyclopedic knowledge, free of charge, to every person in the world. Not everybody in the world has access to a broadband connection." Negroponte had earlier suggested he would like to see Misplaced Pages on the laptop. Wales feels that Misplaced Pages is one of the " killer apps " for this device. Don Hopkins announced that he

6650-488: The meshed network is intended to be automatically configured, so no server administrator or an administration of IP addresses is needed. Building a MANET is still untested under the OLPC's current configuration and hardware environment. Although one goal of the laptop is that all of its software be open source , the source code for this routing protocol is currently closed source. While there are open-source alternatives such as OLSR or B.A.T.M.A.N. , none of these options

6745-739: The operating system and supporting programs is headed by the Fedora Project, which is composed of a community of developers and volunteers, and also Red Hat employees. The Council is the top-level community leadership and governance body. Other bodies include the Fedora Engineering Steering Committee, responsible for the technical decisions behind the development of Fedora, and Fedora Mindshare Committee which coordinates outreach and non-technical activities, including representation of Fedora Worldwide e.g.: Ambassadors Program, CommOps team and Marketing, Design and Websites Team. Red Hat Linux 9 to Fedora Core 1. Fedora has

6840-522: The pieces for this new desktop over the last few years: OSTree , Flatpak , Flathub , rpm-ostree , and GNOME Software . The ultimate goal of this effort always was to create an image-based variant of the Workstation that is at feature-parity and better suited for certain use cases than the traditional variant. Until the end of 2017, the Silverblue team slowly completed the necessary pieces for

6935-413: The present XO shell. The shell of the laptop is resistant to dirt and moisture, and is constructed with 2 mm thick plastic (50% thicker than typical laptops). It contains a pivoting, reversible display, movable rubber Wi-Fi antennas, and a sealed rubber-membrane keyboard. More than twenty different keyboards have been laid out, to suit local needs to match the standard keyboard for the country in which

7030-1055: The primary architectures supported by Fedora. As of release 38, Fedora also supports IBM Power64le , IBM Z ("s390x"), MIPS-64el , MIPS-el and RISC-V as secondary architectures. Fedora 28 was the last release that supported ppc64 and users are advised to move to the little endian ppc64le variant. Fedora 36 was the last release with support for ARM-hfp . The Fedora Project also distributes several other versions with less use cases than mentioned above, like network installers and minimal installation images. They are intended for special cases or expert users that want to have custom installations or configuring Fedora from scratch. In addition, all acceptable licenses for Fedora Linux (including copyright, trademark, and patent licenses) must be applicable not only to Red Hat or Fedora, but also to all recipients downstream. This means that any "Fedora-only" licenses, or licenses with specific terms that Red Hat or Fedora meets but that other recipients would not are not acceptable (and almost certainly non-free, as

7125-666: The primary colors. Instead, the XO-1 display provides one color for each pixel. The colors align along diagonals that run from upper-right to lower left (see diagram on the right). To reduce the color artifacts caused by this pixel geometry, the color component of the image is blurred by the display controller as the image is sent to the screen. Despite the color blurring, the display still has high resolution for its physical size; normal displays as of February 2007 put about 588(H) × 441(V) to 882(H) × 662(V) pixels in this amount of physical area and support subpixel rendering for slightly higher perceived resolution. A Philips Research study measured

7220-479: The project name Silverleaf, but could not secure that name for various reasons. Therefore, it was named Silverblue, though the logo still retains the impression of a leaf. The long-term goal for this effort is to transform Fedora Workstation into an image-based system where applications are separate from the OS, and updates are atomic. Red Hat engineers, along with independent free software contributors have built most of

7315-604: The release of Fedora 25, the operating system defaults to the Wayland display server protocol, which replaced the X Window System . Fedora Linux uses Anaconda as the system installer . Beginning with Fedora 21, it is available in three editions, expanded to five editions as of version 37. It targets users who want a reliable, user-friendly, and powerful operating system for their laptop or desktop computer. It comes with GNOME by default but other desktops can be installed or can be directly installed as Spins . Silverblue

7410-586: The same year Lenovo released last widely known hi-end 12" subnotebook line without touchpad, the ThinkPad X200, X200s and X200 Tablet models. In 2010 saw a number of semi-rugged low-end subnotebooks for the education market, including the Dell Latitude 2100, Lenovo ThinkPad x100e, and HP ProBook Education Edition; these notably had laptop charging trolley support. In 2011, the first Chromebooks were introduced by Google, and Intel's introduced

7505-412: The screens' cost (sometimes 60%). The light-emitting diode (LED) backlight in the XO-1 is easily replaceable, rugged, and low-cost. The remainder of the LCD uses extant display technology and can be made using extant manufacturing equipment. Even the masks can be made using combinations of extant materials and processes. When lit primarily from the rear with the white LED backlight, the display shows

7600-490: The term is still sometimes used informally although is no longer used by manufacturers. Fedora Linux Fedora Linux is a Linux distribution developed by the Fedora Project . It was originally developed in 2003 as a continuation of the Red Hat Linux project. It contains software distributed under various free and open-source licenses and aims to be on the leading edge of open-source technologies. It

7695-401: The usual higher speed 5.5 Mbit/s or 11 Mbit/s to minimize power use. The conventional IEEE 802.11b system only handles traffic within a local cloud of wireless devices in a manner similar to an Ethernet network. Each node transmits and receives its own data, but it does not route packets between two nodes that cannot communicate directly. The OLPC laptop will use IEEE 802.11s to form

7790-404: The version meant for cloud computing . Fedora is a trademark of Red Hat, Inc. Red Hat's application for trademark status for the name "Fedora" was disputed by Cornell University and the University of Virginia Library , creators of the unrelated Fedora Commons digital repository management software. The issue was resolved and the parties settled on a co-existence agreement that stated that

7885-479: The vision of an immutable image-based OS with independent applications: Wayland, flatpak, and rpm-ostree support in GNOME Software, etc. During the same time, Project Atomic has added new features like package layering to rpm-ostree and added rpm-ostree support to Anaconda . Fedora also supports more immutable editions, including Sway Atomic, Budgie Atomic, and Kinoite for KDE Plasma . Its target usage

7980-419: Was a fork of Red Hat Linux launched in 2003, when Red Hat Linux was discontinued so the team could focus on their paid version for servers: Red Hat Enterprise Linux . Red Hat Enterprise Linux was to be Red Hat's only officially supported Linux distribution, while Fedora was to be a community distribution. Red Hat Enterprise Linux branches its releases from versions of Fedora. Before Fedora 7, Fedora Linux

8075-409: Was called Fedora Core after the name of one of the two main software repositories - Core and Extras. Fedora Core contained all the base packages that were required by the operating system, as well as other packages that were distributed along with the installation CD / DVDs , and was maintained only by Red Hat developers. Fedora Extras, the secondary repository that had been included since Fedora Core 3,

8170-480: Was co-designed by IBM, and manufactured for Apple by IBM Japan. In 2000 Compaq released a more compact successor of Digital HiNote line - the 10.3" Armada M300 , with magnesium case and 1.6 kg weight. Sony also launched the C1 range of subnotebooks, starting in Japan in 1998. This period was notable for a major split between lower-power-consumption and higher power x86 processors in laptops; although Intel released

8265-458: Was community-maintained and not distributed along with the installation CD/DVDs. Upon the release of Fedora 7, the distinction between Fedora Core and Fedora Extras was eliminated. Since the release of Fedora 21, as an effort to bring modularization to the Fedora distribution and make development more agile, three different versions are available: Workstation , focused on the personal computer , Server and Atomic for servers , Atomic being

8360-473: Was covered in non-computer magazines including GQ, FHM, Elle and Rolling Stone. In 2006, Microsoft introduced a new ultra-mobile PC format, under the code-name Origami. These were smaller versions of Tablet PC computers; One example was the Samsung Q1 . Since 2007, the laptop computer market has seen an increased segmentation of microprocessor lines to different purposes and power levels, including

8455-459: Was demonstrated at the project's Country Task Force Meeting on May 23, 2006. Steve Jobs had offered Mac OS X free of charge for use in the laptop, but according to Seymour Papert , a professor emeritus at MIT who is one of the initiative's founders, the designers wanted an operating system that can be tinkered with: "We declined because it's not open source." Therefore, Linux was chosen. In 2006, Microsoft had suddenly developed an interest in

8550-526: Was intended outside the United States. Its $ 150 price target in the United States includes two computers, one donated. The OLPC XO-3 was scheduled for release in late 2012. It was canceled in favor of the XO-4. It featured one solid color multi-touch screen design, and a solar panel in the cover or carrying case. The XO 4 is a refresh of the XO 1 to 1.75 with a later ARM CPU and an optional touch screen. This model will not be available for consumer sales. There

8645-591: Was intended to make it easier for anyone (developers, independent software vendors (ISV), original equipment manufacturers (OEM), etc.) to create and deploy virtual appliances . The Fedora project officially distributes different variations called "Fedora Spins" which are Fedora Linux with different desktop environments (GNOME is the default desktop environment). The current official spins, as of Fedora 40, are KDE Plasma , Xfce , LXQt , MATE (with Compiz ), Cinnamon , LXDE , SoaS , i3 , Phosh (for use on PinePhone ), Budgie , and Sway . In addition,

8740-541: Was publicly introduced in February 2007. No passwords will be required for ordinary use of the machine. Programs are assigned certain bundles of rights at install time which govern their access to resources; users can later add more rights. Optionally, the laptops can be configured to request leases from a OLPC XS central server and to stop working when the leases expire; this is designed as a theft-prevention mechanism. The pre-8.20 software versions were criticized for bad wireless connectivity and other minor issues. The XO-1

8835-401: Was that Fedora's repository development would be collaborative with the global volunteer community. The original Fedora Linux was eventually absorbed into the Fedora Project, carrying with it this collaborative approach. The Fedora Project is sponsored primarily by Red Hat with additional support and sponsors from other companies and organizations. Fedora Linux, then known as "Fedora Core",

8930-534: Was the Vaio PCG-C1VE or PictureBook (2001). It was one of the first machines with a digital camera built into the lid, which could be used for video conferencing or swiveled to photograph a scene. This was followed in 2005 by the Flybook convertible with a 8.9 inch touch screen. The Flybook featured a built-in phone connection for GPRS or 3G networking, and is available in a range of bright colors. This

9025-602: Was thereafter cancelled in favor of the tablet-like designed XO-3 . In late 2008, the New York City Department of Education began a project to purchase large numbers of XO computers for use by schoolchildren. The design received the Community category award of the 2007 Index: Award . In 2008 the XO was awarded London's Design Museum "Design of the Year", plus two gold, one silver, and one bronze award at

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