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60-521: XLS or xls may refer to: Microsoft Excel file format , a spreadsheet file format Cadillac XLS , a prototype Cadillac concept car Exelis Inc. (NYSE symbol), a global aerospace, defense, information and services company Lusitanian language (ISO 639-3 code), an Indo-European Paleohispanic language Midwest Questar XLS , an American ultralight aircraft design Saint-Louis Airport (IATA airport code), near Saint-Louis, Senegal Topics referred to by

120-411: A Component Object Model (COM) automation server for dynamic or realtime financial or scientific data. As with any common programming language, VBA macros can be created with malicious intent. Using VBA, most of the security features lie in the hands of the user, not the author. The VBA host application options are accessible to the user. The user who runs any document containing VBA macros can preset

180-459: A Microsoft account to open them in a browser . In addition to issues with spreadsheets in general, other problems specific to Excel include numeric precision, misleading statistics functions, mod function errors, date limitations and more. Despite the use of 15-figure precision, Excel can display many more figures (up to thirty) upon user request. But the displayed figures are not those actually used in its computations, and so, for example,

240-433: A Windows application to control another to enable it to format or calculate data. This may take on the form of "embedding" where an application uses another to handle a task that it is more suited to, for example a PowerPoint presentation may be embedded in an Excel spreadsheet or vice versa. Excel users can access external data sources via Microsoft Office features such as (for example) .odc connections built with

300-536: A Word document or sends them as an Outlook email. VBA programs can be attached to a menu button, a macro , a keyboard shortcut , or an OLE/COM event, such as the opening of a document in the application. The language provides a user interface in the form of UserForms, which can host ActiveX controls for added functionality. Inter-process communication automation includes the Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) and RealTimeData (RTD) which allows calling

360-415: A custom-designed user interface, for example, a stock analyzer, or in general, as a design tool that asks the user questions and provides answers and reports. In a more elaborate realization, an Excel application can automatically poll external databases and measuring instruments using an update schedule, analyze the results, make a Word report or PowerPoint slide show, and e-mail these presentations on

420-639: A date and time are the (real) number of days after December 30, 1899, 0:00, a non-negative number less than 60 is the number of days after December 31, 1899, 0:00, and numbers with whole part 60 represent the fictional day. Excel supports dates with years in the range 1900–9999, except that December 31, 1899, can be entered as 0 and is displayed as 0-jan-1900. Visual Basic for Applications Visual Basic for Applications enables building user-defined functions (UDFs), automating processes and accessing Windows API and other low-level functionality through dynamic-link libraries (DLLs). It supersedes and expands on

480-469: A document can be removed instantly regardless of the Microsoft Excel version used to create the document. These types of passwords are used primarily for shared work on a document. Such password-protected documents are not encrypted , and data sources from a set password are saved in a document's header . Password to protect workbook is an exception – when it is set, a document is encrypted with

540-514: A formula counting dates between (for example) Febuary 1, 1900 and March 1, 1900 will return an incorrect result. The bug originated from Lotus 1-2-3 , where it was deliberately implemented to save computer memory, and was also intentionally implemented in Excel for the purpose of bug compatibility . This legacy has later been carried over into Office Open XML file format. Thus a (not necessarily whole) number greater than or equal to 61 interpreted as

600-590: A host application, rather than as a standalone program . VBA can, however, control one application from another using OLE Automation . For example, VBA can automatically create a Microsoft Word report from Microsoft Excel data that Excel collects automatically from polled sensors. VBA can use, but not create, ActiveX/COM DLLs, and later versions add support for class modules. VBA is built into most Microsoft Office applications, including Office for Mac OS X (except version 2008), and other Microsoft applications, including Microsoft MapPoint and Microsoft Visio . VBA

660-580: A limitation in the size of their data sets of 16K (2 = 16 384 ) rows. Versions 8.0 through 11.0 could handle 64K (2 = 65 536 ) rows and 256 columns (2 as label 'IV'). Version 12.0 onwards, including the current Version 16.x, can handle over 1M (2 = 1 048 576 ) rows, and 16 384 (2 , labeled as column 'XFD') columns. Up until the 2007 version, Microsoft Excel used a proprietary binary file format called Excel Binary File Format (.XLS) as its primary format. Excel 2007 uses Office Open XML as its primary file format, an XML-based format that followed after

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720-422: A limited set of statistical tools. Microsoft has announced that some of these issues are addressed in Excel 2010. Excel has issues with modulo operations . In the case of excessively large results, Excel will return the error warning #NUM! instead of an answer. Excel includes February 29, 1900, incorrectly treating 1900 as a leap year , even though e.g. 2100 is correctly treated as a non-leap year. Thus,

780-679: A macro language whose statements had formula syntax and resided in the cells of special-purpose macro sheets (stored with file extension .XLM in Windows.) XLM was the default macro language for Excel through Excel 4.0. Beginning with version 5.0 Excel recorded macros in VBA by default but with version 5.0 XLM recording was still allowed as an option. After version 5.0 that option was discontinued. All versions of Excel, including Excel 2021, are capable of running an XLM macro, though Microsoft discourages their use. In 2023 Microsoft announced Excel would support

840-467: A non-collapsible Ribbon interface). In April 2009, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack 2 (SP2). In October 2011, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 Service Pack 3 (SP3). Microsoft advises to view and print Excel files for free to use the Excel Mobile application for Windows 10 and for Windows 7 and Windows 8 to upload the file to OneDrive and use Excel for the web with

900-411: A previous XML -based format called "XML Spreadsheet" ("XMLSS"), first introduced in Excel 2002. Although supporting and encouraging the use of new XML-based formats as replacements, Excel 2007 remained backwards-compatible with the traditional, binary formats. In addition, most versions of Microsoft Excel can read CSV , DBF , SYLK , DIF , and other legacy formats. Support for some older file formats

960-467: A rate of hundreds of thousands of passwords a second, which not only lets them decrypt a document but also find the original password. In Excel 2003/XP the encryption is slightly better – a user can choose any encryption algorithm that is available in the system (see Cryptographic Service Provider ). Due to the CSP, an Excel file cannot be decrypted, and thus the password to open cannot be removed, though

1020-404: A regular basis to a list of participants. Microsoft allows for a number of optional command-line switches to control the manner in which Excel starts. Excel 2016 has 484 functions. Of these, 360 existed prior to Excel 2010. Microsoft classifies these functions into 14 categories. Of the 484 current functions, 386 may be called from VBA as methods of the object "WorksheetFunction" and 44 have

1080-527: A timely release would allow porting the VBA engine natively to Mac OS X . VBA was restored in the next version, Mac Excel 2011, although the build lacks support for ActiveX objects, impacting some high level developer tools. A common and easy way to generate VBA code is by using the Macro Recorder. The Macro Recorder records actions of the user and generates VBA code in the form of a macro. These actions can then be repeated automatically by running

1140-479: A variety of applications and environments other than Microsoft Excel. These include opening Excel documents on the web using either ActiveX controls, or plugins like the Adobe Flash Player . The Apache POI open-source project provides Java libraries for reading and writing Excel spreadsheet files. Microsoft Excel protection offers several types of passwords: All passwords except password to open

1200-408: A very limited three-dimensional graphical display. It allows sectioning of data to view its dependencies on various factors for different perspectives (using pivot tables and the scenario manager ). A PivotTable is a tool for data analysis . It does this by simplifying large data sets via PivotTable fields. It has a programming aspect, Visual Basic for Applications , allowing the user to employ

1260-399: A wide variety of numerical methods, for example, for solving differential equations of mathematical physics, and then reporting the results back to the spreadsheet. It also has a variety of interactive features allowing user interfaces that can completely hide the spreadsheet from the user, so the spreadsheet presents itself as a so-called application , or decision support system (DSS), via

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1320-502: A workbook. In 2015, Excel Mobile became available for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store . Excel for the web is a free lightweight version of Microsoft Excel available as part of Office on the web, which also includes web versions of Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint. Excel for the web can display most of the features available in the desktop versions of Excel, although it may not be able to insert or edit them. Certain data connections are not accessible on Excel for

1380-423: Is a common method to send data between applications running on Windows, with official MS publications referring to it as "the protocol from hell". As the name suggests, it allows applications to supply data to others for calculation and display. It is very common in financial markets, being used to connect to important financial data services such as Bloomberg and Reuters . OLE Object Linking and Embedding allows

1440-405: Is also implemented, at least partially, in applications published by companies other than Microsoft, including ArcGIS , AutoCAD , Collabora Online , CorelDraw , Kingsoft Office , LibreOffice , SolidWorks , WordPerfect , and UNICOM System Architect (which supports VBA 7.1). Code written in VBA is compiled to Microsoft P-Code (pseudo-code), a proprietary intermediate language , which

1500-452: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Microsoft Excel file format Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet editor developed by Microsoft for Windows , macOS , Android , iOS and iPadOS . It features calculation or computation capabilities, graphing tools, pivot tables , and a macro programming language called Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). Excel forms part of

1560-516: Is on average better than one would expect from simple fifteen digit precision, but that can be worse. See the main article for details. Besides accuracy in user computations, the question of accuracy in Excel-provided functions may be raised. Particularly in the arena of statistical functions, Excel has been criticized for sacrificing accuracy for speed of calculation. As many calculations in Excel are executed using VBA, an additional issue

1620-557: Is proprietary to Microsoft and, apart from the COM interface, is not an open standard . Interaction with the host application uses OLE Automation . Typically, the host application provides a type library and application programming interface (API) documentation which document how VBA programs can interact with the application. This documentation can be examined from inside the VBA development environment using its Object Browser. Visual Basic for Applications programs which are written to use

1680-413: Is the accuracy of VBA, which varies with variable type and user-requested precision. The accuracy and convenience of statistical tools in Excel has been criticized, as mishandling situations when data is missing, as returning incorrect values due to inept handling of round-off and large numbers, as only selectively updating calculations on a spreadsheet when some cell values are changed, and as having

1740-472: The Microsoft 365 suite of software. Microsoft Excel has the basic features of all spreadsheets, using a grid of cells arranged in numbered rows and letter-named columns to organize data manipulations like arithmetic operations. It has a battery of supplied functions to answer statistical, engineering, and financial needs. In addition, it can display data as line graphs, histograms and charts, and with

1800-612: The Python programming language directly. As of January 2024, Python in Excel is available in the Microsoft 365 Insider Program. Excel supports charts , graphs , or histograms generated from specified groups of cells. It also supports Pivot Charts that allow for a chart to be linked directly to a Pivot table. This allows the chart to be refreshed with the Pivot Table. The generated graphic component can either be embedded within

1860-545: The OLE Automation interface of one application cannot be used to automate a different application, even if that application hosts the Visual Basic runtime, because the OLE Automation interfaces will be different. For example, a VBA program written to automate Microsoft Word cannot be used with a different word processor, even if that word processor hosts VBA. Conversely, multiple applications can be automated from

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1920-555: The Office Data Connection file format. Excel files themselves may be updated using a Microsoft supplied ODBC driver. Excel can accept data in real-time through several programming interfaces, which allow it to communicate with many data sources such as Bloomberg and Reuters (through addins such as Power Plus Pro ). Alternatively, Microsoft Query provides ODBC-based browsing within Microsoft Excel. Programmers have produced APIs to open Excel spreadsheets in

1980-453: The VBA module directly by the programmer. Advanced users can employ user prompts to create an interactive program, or react to events such as sheets being loaded or changed. Macro Recorded code may not be compatible with Excel versions. Some code that is used in Excel 2010 cannot be used in Excel 2003. Making a Macro that changes the cell colors and making changes to other aspects of cells may not be backward compatible. VBA code interacts with

2040-495: The Visual Basic Editor (VBE), which includes a window for writing code, debugging code, and code module organization environment. The user can implement numerical methods as well as automating tasks such as formatting or data organization in VBA and guide the calculation using any desired intermediate results reported back to the spreadsheet. VBA was removed from Mac Excel 2008, as the developers did not believe that

2100-533: The abilities of earlier application-specific macro programming languages such as Word's WordBASIC . It can be used to control many aspects of the host application, including manipulating user interface features, such as menus and toolbars, and working with custom user forms or dialog boxes. As its name suggests, VBA is closely related to Visual Basic and uses the Visual Basic Runtime Library. However, VBA code normally can only run within

2160-477: The brute-force attack speed remains quite high. Nevertheless, the older Excel 97/2000 algorithm is set by the default. Therefore, users who do not change the default settings lack reliable protection of their documents. The situation changed fundamentally in Excel 2007 , where the modern AES algorithm with a key of 128 bits started being used for decryption, and a 50,000-fold use of the hash function SHA1 reduced

2220-565: The columns, add comments, and create charts. It cannot add columns or rows except at the edge of the document, rearrange columns or rows, delete rows or columns, or add spreadsheet tabs. The 2007 version has the ability to use a full-screen mode to deal with limited screen resolution, as well as split panes to view different parts of a worksheet at one time. Protection settings, zoom settings, autofilter settings, certain chart formatting, hidden sheets, and other features are not supported on Excel Mobile, and will be modified upon opening and saving

2280-537: The current sheet or added as a separate object. These displays are dynamically updated if the content of cells changes. For example, suppose that the important design requirements are displayed visually; then, in response to a user's change in trial values for parameters, the curves describing the design change shape, and their points of intersection shift, assisting the selection of the best design. Additional features are available using add-ins . Several are provided with Excel, including: Versions of Excel up to 7.0 had

2340-557: The current version of VBA ever since the release of the .NET Framework , of which versions 1.0 and 1.1 included a scripting runtime technology named Script for the .NET Framework . Visual Studio .NET 2002 and 2003 SDK contained a separate scripting IDE called Visual Studio for Applications (VSA) that supported VB.NET. One of its significant features was that the interfaces to the technology were available via Active Scripting ( VBScript and JScript ), allowing even .NET-unaware applications to be scripted via .NET languages. However, VSA

2400-587: The decimal, the difference when 1 is subtracted from this displayed value is three 0's followed by a string of eleven 1's. However, the difference reported by Excel in the third line is three 0's followed by a string of thirteen 1's and two extra erroneous digits. This is because Excel calculates with about half a digit more than it displays. Excel works with a modified 1985 version of the IEEE 754 specification . Excel's implementation involves conversions between binary and decimal representations, leading to accuracy that

2460-467: The difference of two numbers may differ from the difference of their displayed values. Although such departures are usually beyond the 15th decimal, exceptions do occur, especially for very large or very small numbers. Serious errors can occur if decisions are made based upon automated comparisons of numbers (for example, using the Excel If function), as equality of two numbers can be unpredictable. In

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2520-524: The different applications must be done explicitly through these application objects in order to work correctly. As an example, VBA code written in Microsoft Access can establish references to the Excel, Word and Outlook libraries; this allows creating an application that – for instance – runs a query in Access, exports the results to Excel and analyzes them, and then formats the output as tables in

2580-411: The figure, the fraction 1/9000 is displayed in Excel. Although this number has a decimal representation that is an infinite string of ones, Excel displays only the leading 15 figures. In the second line, the number one is added to the fraction, and again Excel displays only 15 figures. In the third line, one is subtracted from the sum using Excel. Because the sum in the second line has only eleven 1's after

2640-485: The host applications ( Access , Excel , Word , Outlook , and PowerPoint ) store as a separate stream in COM Structured Storage files (e.g., .doc or .xls ) independent of the document streams. The intermediate code is then executed by a virtual machine (hosted by the host application). Compatibility ends with Visual Basic version 6; VBA is incompatible with Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET). VBA

2700-428: The intended file extension for this format is .xml , the program also correctly handles XML files with .xls extension. This feature is widely used by third-party applications (e.g. MySQL Query Browser ) to offer "export to Excel" capabilities without implementing binary file format. The following example will be correctly opened by Excel if saved either as Book1.xml or Book1.xls : Microsoft Excel 2007, along with

2760-493: The macro. The macros can also be linked to different trigger types like keyboard shortcuts, a command button or a graphic. The actions in the macro can be executed from these trigger types or from the generic toolbar options. The VBA code of the macro can also be edited in the VBE. Certain features such as loop functions and screen prompt by their own properties, and some graphical display items, cannot be recorded but must be entered into

2820-452: The one host by creating Application objects within the VBA code. References to the different libraries must be created within the VBA client before any of the methods, objects, etc. become available to use in the application. This is achieved through what is referred to as Early or Late Binding. These application objects create the OLE link to the application when they are first created. Commands to

2880-546: The other products in the Microsoft Office 2007 suite, introduced new file formats. The first of these (.xlsx) is defined in the Office Open XML (OOXML) specification. Windows applications such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word, as well as Excel can communicate with each other and use each other's capabilities. The most common is Dynamic Data Exchange : although strongly deprecated by Microsoft, this

2940-406: The password to open is converted to a 16-bit key that can be instantly cracked. In Excel 97/2000 the password is converted to a 40-bit key, which can also be cracked very quickly using modern equipment. As regards services that use rainbow tables (e.g. Password-Find), it takes up to several seconds to remove protection. In addition, password-cracking programs can brute-force attack passwords at

3000-411: The same names as VBA functions. With the introduction of LAMBDA, Excel became Turing complete . The Windows version of Excel supports programming through Microsoft's Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), which is a dialect of Visual Basic . Programming with VBA allows spreadsheet manipulation that is awkward or impossible with standard spreadsheet techniques. Programmers may write code directly using

3060-403: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title XLS . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XLS&oldid=1245144654 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

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3120-653: The software with user preferences. End-users can protect themselves from attack by disabling macros from running in an application or by granting permission for a document to run VBA code only if they are sure that the source of the document can be trusted. In February 2022, Microsoft announced its plan to block VBA macros in files downloaded from the Internet by default in a variety of Office apps due to their widespread use to spread malware. As of July 1, 2007, Microsoft no longer offers VBA distribution licenses to new customers. Microsoft intended to add .NET-based languages to

3180-430: The speed of brute-force attacks down to hundreds of passwords per second. In Excel 2010 , the strength of the protection by the default was increased two times due to the use of a 100,000-fold SHA1 to convert a password to a key. Excel Mobile is a spreadsheet program that can edit XLSX files. It can edit and format text in cells, calculate formulas, search within the spreadsheet, sort rows and columns, freeze panes, filter

3240-761: The spreadsheet through the Excel Object Model , a vocabulary identifying spreadsheet objects, and a set of supplied functions or methods that enable reading and writing to the spreadsheet and interaction with its users (for example, through custom toolbars or command bars and message boxes ). User-created VBA subroutines execute these actions and operate like macros generated using the macro recorder, but are more flexible and efficient. From its first version Excel supported end-user programming of macros (automation of repetitive tasks) and user-defined functions (extension of Excel's built-in function library). In early versions of Excel, these programs were written in

3300-456: The standard password "VelvetSweatshop", but since it is known to the public, it actually does not add any extra protection to the document. The only type of password that can prevent a trespasser from gaining access to a document is the password to open a document . The cryptographic strength of this kind of protection depends strongly on the Microsoft Excel version that was used to create the document. In Microsoft Excel 95 and earlier versions,

3360-609: The viewer in April 2018 with the last security update released in February 2019 for Excel Viewer 2007 (SP3). The first version released by Microsoft was Excel 97 Viewer. Excel 97 Viewer was supported in Windows CE for Handheld PCs . In October 2004, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003. In September 2007, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2003 Service Pack 3 (SP3). In January 2008, Microsoft released Excel Viewer 2007 (featuring

3420-415: The web, including with charts that may use these external connections. Excel for the web also cannot display legacy features, such as Excel 4.0 macros or Excel 5.0 dialog sheets. There are also small differences between how some of the Excel functions work. Microsoft Excel Viewer was a freeware program for Microsoft Windows for viewing and printing spreadsheet documents created by Excel. Microsoft retired

3480-451: Was deprecated in version 2.0 of the .NET Framework, leaving no clear upgrade path for applications desiring Active Scripting support (although "scripts" can be created in C# , VBScript , and other .NET languages, which can be compiled and executed at run-time via libraries installed as part of the standard .NET runtime). Microsoft dropped VBA support for Microsoft Office 2008 for Mac . VBA

3540-481: Was removed in Excel 2007. The file formats were mainly from DOS-based programs. OpenOffice.org has created documentation of the Excel format. Two epochs of the format exist: the 97-2003 OLE format, and the older stream format. Microsoft has made the Excel binary format specification available to freely download. The XML Spreadsheet format introduced in Excel 2002 is a simple, XML based format missing some more advanced features like storage of VBA macros. Though

3600-658: Was restored in Microsoft Office for Mac 2011 . Microsoft said that it has no plan to remove VBA from the Windows version of Office. With Office 2010 , Microsoft introduced VBA7, which contains a true pointer data type: LongPtr. This allows referencing 64-bit address space. The 64-bit install of Office 2010 does not support common controls of MSComCtl (TabStrip, Toolbar, StatusBar, ProgressBar, TreeView, ListViews, ImageList, Slider, ImageComboBox) or MSComCt2 (Animation, UpDown, MonthView, DateTimePicker, FlatScrollBar), so legacy 32-bit code ported to 64-bit VBA code that depends on these common controls will not function. This did not affect

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