Xiang Liang (died 208 BC) was a military leader who led a rebellion against the Qin dynasty .
31-894: Xiang Liang was from Xiaxiang (下相; present-day Suqian , Jiangsu ) and was a descendant of a family who served the Chu state in the Warring States period . Xiang Liang's father, Xiang Yan [ zh ] , was a famous general who led the Chu army to resist the invading Qin forces led by Wang Jian , and was killed in action in 223 BC when Qin annexed Chu . After the fall of Chu, Xiang Liang and his brothers became commoners and lived under Qin rule for years. When Xiang Liang's elder brother Xiang Chao ( 項超 ) died, Xiang Liang took Xiang Chao's son, Xiang Yu , under his care. Xiang Liang doted on Xiang Yu and had his nephew instructed in scholarly arts and swordsmanship, but Xiang Yu did not master what he
62-509: A certain extent in South Korea , remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic. There has historically been a debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters . Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being ambiguities in simplified representations resulting from
93-526: A general. Xiang Liang led his men across the Yangtze River later and built his new base at Xiapi (下邳; present-day Pizhou , Jiangsu ). At the time, some other rebel forces pledged allegiance to him, further increasing the size of his army to between 60,000 and 70,000. In 208 BC, following the advice of Fan Zeng , Xiang Liang sent his men to search for Xiong Xin , the grandson of King Huai I of Chu, and enthroned Xiong as "King Huai II of Chu". The king
124-575: A representative for the people when dealing with the local authorities. He also made use of his fame and popularity to rally a group of supporters and secretly build up a militia. In 209 BC, during the reign of Qin Er Shi , peasant rebellions erupted throughout China to overthrow the Qin dynasty, plunging China into a state of anarchy. Of these uprisings, the earliest one (the Dazexiang Uprising )
155-613: A standard set of Chinese character forms used to write Chinese languages . In Taiwan , the set of traditional characters is regulated by the Ministry of Education and standardized in the Standard Form of National Characters . These forms were predominant in written Chinese until the middle of the 20th century, when various countries that use Chinese characters began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known variants of
186-869: Is 産 (also the accepted form in Japan and Korea), while in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan the accepted form is 產 (also the accepted form in Vietnamese chữ Nôm ). The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the People's Daily are printed in traditional characters, and both People's Daily and Xinhua have traditional character versions of their website available, using Big5 encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers;
217-519: Is located in the south outskirt of Suqian. Suqian College is the single institution in Suqian providing bachelor's degree education. The prefecture-level city of Suqian administers 5 county-level divisions , including 3 counties and 2 districts . These are further divided into 115 township-level divisions , including 111 towns and township , and 4 subdistricts . Traditional Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters are
248-493: The Chinese Commercial News , World News , and United Daily News all use traditional characters, as do some Hong Kong–based magazines such as Yazhou Zhoukan . The Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified characters. DVDs are usually subtitled using traditional characters, influenced by media from Taiwan as well as by the two countries sharing the same DVD region , 3. With most having immigrated to
279-640: The Shanghainese -language character U+20C8E 𠲎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20C8E —a composition of 伐 with the ⼝ 'MOUTH' radical—used instead of the Standard Chinese 嗎 ; 吗 . Typefaces often use the initialism TC to signify the use of traditional Chinese characters, as well as SC for simplified Chinese characters . In addition, the Noto, Italy family of typefaces, for example, also provides separate fonts for
310-555: The People's Republic of China, traditional Chinese characters are standardised according to the Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters . Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. There are differences between the accepted traditional forms in mainland China and elsewhere, for example the accepted traditional form of 产 in mainland China
341-587: The United States during the second half of the 19th century, Chinese Americans have long used traditional characters. When not providing both, US public notices and signs in Chinese are generally written in traditional characters, more often than in simplified characters. In the past, traditional Chinese was most often encoded on computers using the Big5 standard, which favored traditional characters. However,
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#1732771845925372-556: The authorities. At the time, Qin Shi Huang was on an inspection tour in that area and Xiang Liang watched the emperor's procession pass by together with his nephew. Xiang Yu said, "I can replace him." ( 彼可取而代之 ). Xiang Liang was shocked and immediately covered his nephew's mouth with his hand. Since then, Xiang Liang began to see his nephew in a different light. Xiang Liang became an influential man in Wu due to his noble lineage and he became
403-511: The enemy and was killed in action. When Zhang Han was defeated later by Xiang Yu in the Battle of Julu , Xiang Yu had the 200,000 surrendered Qin soldiers buried alive as a propitiation to his late uncle. Suqian Suqian ( simplified Chinese : 宿迁 ; traditional Chinese : 宿遷 ; pinyin : Sùqiān , IPA : [sû.tɕʰjɛ́n] ) is a prefecture-level city in northern Jiangsu Province, China. It borders Xuzhou to
434-553: The homophone "yu ( 豫 )" as the given name of the Emperor Daizong of Tang was deemed to be ineffable . The county was put under the jurisdiction of Huaiyang military prefecture during the Song dynasty, then was transferred to Pizhou after Jurchen's Jin took it. The county was administered by Huai'an military prefecture during 1272–75, but restored as a part of Pizhou afterwards. It was annexed by Xuzhou again in 1733. The area
465-493: The inverse is equally true as well. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional Chinese characters. In Hong Kong and Macau , traditional characters were retained during the colonial period, while the mainland adopted simplified characters. Simplified characters are contemporaneously used to accommodate immigrants and tourists, often from
496-725: The mainland. The increasing use of simplified characters has led to concern among residents regarding protecting what they see as their local heritage. Taiwan has never adopted simplified characters. The use of simplified characters in government documents and educational settings is discouraged by the government of Taiwan. Nevertheless, with sufficient context simplified characters are likely to be successfully read by those used to traditional characters, especially given some previous exposure. Many simplified characters were previously variants that had long been in some use, with systematic stroke simplifications used in folk handwriting since antiquity. Traditional characters were recognized as
527-682: The majority of Chinese text in mainland China are simplified characters , there is no legislation prohibiting the use of traditional Chinese characters, and often traditional Chinese characters remain in use for stylistic and commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertising. Traditional Chinese characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promulgation of the current simplification scheme, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional Chinese characters continue to be used for ceremonial, cultural, scholarly/academic research, and artistic/decorative purposes. In
558-983: The merging of previously distinct character forms. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets. Traditional characters are known by different names throughout the Chinese-speaking world. The government of Taiwan officially refers to traditional Chinese characters as 正體字 ; 正体字 ; zhèngtǐzì ; 'orthodox characters'. This term is also used outside Taiwan to distinguish standard characters, including both simplified, and traditional, from other variants and idiomatic characters . Users of traditional characters elsewhere, as well as those using simplified characters, call traditional characters 繁體字 ; 繁体字 ; fántǐzì ; 'complex characters', 老字 ; lǎozì ; 'old characters', or 全體字 ; 全体字 ; quántǐzì ; 'full characters' to distinguish them from simplified characters. Some argue that since traditional characters are often
589-477: The northwest, Lianyungang to the northeast, Huai'an to the south, and the province of Anhui to the west. Suqian was said to be the site of a military grain store built when the Emperor Yuan of Jin reigned. Thus, the former Xiaxiang county where the store located was renamed Suyu ( 宿預 ; means "prepared" or "usually prepared") in 405. Then the county was annexed by Xuzhou and renamed Suqian in 762 because
620-677: The official script in Singapore until 1969, when the government officially adopted Simplified characters. Traditional characters still are widely used in contexts such as in baby and corporation names, advertisements, decorations, official documents and in newspapers. The Chinese Filipino community continues to be one of the most conservative in Southeast Asia regarding simplification. Although major public universities teach in simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications such as
651-700: The original standard forms, they should not be called 'complex'. Conversely, there is a common objection to the description of traditional characters as 'standard', due to them not being used by a large population of Chinese speakers. Additionally, as the process of Chinese character creation often made many characters more elaborate over time, there is sometimes a hesitation to characterize them as 'traditional'. Some people refer to traditional characters as 'proper characters' ( 正字 ; zhèngzì or 正寫 ; zhèngxiě ) and to simplified characters as 簡筆字 ; 简笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'simplified-stroke characters' or 減筆字 ; 减笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'reduced-stroke characters', as
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#1732771845925682-833: The predominant forms. Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China , Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such is a retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in Taiwan , Hong Kong , and Macau , as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia. As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese kanji include many simplified characters known as shinjitai standardized after World War II, sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts . Korean hanja , still used to
713-636: The traditional character set used in Taiwan ( TC ) and the set used in Hong Kong ( HK ). Most Chinese-language webpages now use Unicode for their text. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends the use of the language tag zh-Hant to specify webpage content written with traditional characters. In the Japanese writing system , kyujitai are traditional forms, which were simplified to create shinjitai for standardized Japanese use following World War II. Kyūjitai are mostly congruent with
744-985: The traditional characters in Chinese, save for minor stylistic variation. Characters that are not included in the jōyō kanji list are generally recommended to be printed in their traditional forms, with a few exceptions. Additionally, there are kokuji , which are kanji wholly created in Japan, rather than originally being borrowed from China. In the Korean writing system , hanja —replaced almost entirely by hangul in South Korea and totally replaced in North Korea —are mostly identical with their traditional counterparts, save minor stylistic variations. As with Japanese, there are autochthonous hanja, known as gukja . Traditional Chinese characters are also used by non-Chinese ethnic groups. The Maniq people living in Thailand and Malaysia use Chinese characters to write
775-518: The ubiquitous Unicode standard gives equal weight to simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and has become by far the most popular encoding for Chinese-language text. There are various input method editors (IMEs) available for the input of Chinese characters . Many characters, often dialectical variants, are encoded in Unicode but cannot be inputted using certain IMEs, with one example being
806-587: The words for simplified and reduced are homophonous in Standard Chinese , both pronounced as jiǎn . The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han dynasty c. 200 BCE , with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the Southern and Northern dynasties period c. the 5th century . Although
837-681: Was elevated to prefecture status in 1996. Suqian possesses the majority of Luoma Lake , which is a major lake in the Huai River basin. As of the 2020 Chinese census , Suqian had a recorded population of about 4,986,192 whom 1,622,912 lived in the built-up ( or metro ) area made of Sucheng and Suyu urban districts. Local Yanghe along with Moutai and Wuliangye, are the three biggest manufacturers of baijiu . Besides, several domestic companies followed JD.com to site their call centres in Suqian. G2513 Huai'an–Xuzhou Expressway Yanghe Station, known as Suqian Station on Suqian – Huai'an Railway
868-455: Was actually a puppet ruler under Xiang Liang's control then, and was used by Xiang to rally support from people eager to help him overthrow the Qin dynasty and restore the former Chu state . Xiang Liang scored some victories against the Qin armies in a few battles. In 208 BC, Xiang Liang led his army to attack the Qin forces led by Zhang Han at the Battle of Dingtao. However, he underestimated
899-668: Was led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang . Yin Tong, the Administrator of Kuaiji (then still located in Suzhou , rather than Shaoxing ), wanted to start a rebellion as well, so he invited Xiang Liang to meet him and discuss their plans. However, the Xiangs killed Yin instead and Xiang Liang initiated the rebellion himself and rallied about 8,000 men to support him. Xiang Liang proclaimed himself Administrator of Kuaiji and appointed Xiang Yu as
930-476: Was rife with banditry during the early years of the Republic of China. In Autumn 1917, six persons were executed as bandits in Suqian. "They cut off their arms, broke their legs, cut off their ears, punched out their eyes, skinned them, then cut off their heads, and finally cut out their hearts." Suqian was put under the jurisdiction of Huaiyin in 1934. The county was converted as a county-level city in 1987, later
961-578: Was taught and Xiang Liang was very displeased with him. When Xiang Yu expressed interest in military strategy, Xiang Liang tried to educate him but Xiang Yu stopped learning after grasping the main concepts, for he believed that learning them was only treating warfare like a game of chess. Xiang Liang gave up on his nephew eventually, who showed no sign of motivation or apparent talent apart from his great strength, and he let Xiang Yu decide his own destiny. Once, Xiang Liang killed someone and he fled with his family to Wu (吳; present-day southern Jiangsu ) to evade