Misplaced Pages

#506493

44-556: The Xperia XZ3 uses Sony's new "Ambient Flow" design, similar to that on the XZ2, however it comes with a 6 inches (150 mm) curved OLED display, which is wrapped around a new 7000 series aluminium frame. The front and back glass on the device are both made of Corning Gorilla Glass 5 . The fingerprint scanner is also rear-mounted as seen on the Xperia XZ2 and Xperia XZ2 Premium . The phone features two front-facing speakers, supposedly

88-444: A "CO/ALR" coding. Another way to forestall the heating problem is to crimp the short " pigtail " of copper wire. A properly done high-pressure crimp by the proper tool is tight enough to reduce any thermal expansion of the aluminium. Today, new alloys, designs, and methods are used for aluminium wiring in combination with aluminium terminations. Wrought and cast aluminium alloys use different identification systems. Wrought aluminium

132-632: A 2:1 aspect ratio (marketed as 18:9). Being a Sony device, it features their TRILUMINOS and X-Reality technology and supports 10-bit colour, which means it is certified for the BT.2020 standard and HDR10 playback. The XZ3 is powered by the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 , coupled with either 4 or 6 GB of LPDDR4X RAM and the Adreno 630 GPU . The device only comes with one internal storage option of 64 GB with 4 GB of RAM in most markets, however it

176-477: A given application entails considerations of its tensile strength , density , ductility , formability, workability, weldability , and corrosion resistance, to name a few. A brief historical overview of alloys and manufacturing technologies is given in Ref. Aluminium alloys are used extensively in aircraft due to their high strength-to-weight ratio . Pure aluminium is much too soft for such uses, and it does not have

220-420: A one to three digit number, e.g. 6061-T6. The definitions for the tempers are: -F  : As fabricated -H  : Strain hardened (cold worked) with or without thermal treatment -O  : Full soft (annealed) -T  : Heat treated to produce stable tempers -W  : Solution heat treated only Note: -W is a relatively soft intermediary designation that applies after heat treat and before aging

264-415: A regeneratively cooled aluminium design for some parts of the nozzle, including the thermally critical throat region; in fact the extremely high thermal conductivity of aluminium prevented the throat from reaching the melting point even under massive heat flux, resulting in a reliable, lightweight component. Because of its high conductivity and relatively low price compared with copper in the 1960s, aluminium

308-459: A thin-walled tube: the second moment of area is inversely related to the stress in the tube wall, i.e. stresses are lower for larger values. The second moment of area is proportional to the cube of the radius times the wall thickness, thus increasing the radius (and weight) by 26% will lead to a halving of the wall stress. For this reason, bicycle frames made of aluminium alloys make use of larger tube diameters than steel or titanium in order to yield

352-468: Is a major concern. Such crossover aluminium alloys can be hardened via precipitation of a chemical complex phase known as T-phase in which the radiation resistance has been proved to be superior than other hardening phases of conventional aluminium alloys. The following aluminium alloys are commonly used in aircraft and other aerospace structures: Note that the term aircraft aluminium or aerospace aluminium usually refers to 7075. 4047 aluminium

396-407: Is a unique alloy used in both the aerospace and automotive applications as a cladding alloy or filler material. As filler, aluminium alloy 4047 strips can be combined to intricate applications to bond two metals. 6951 is a heat treatable alloy providing additional strength to the fins while increasing sag resistance; this allows the manufacturer to reduce the gauge of the sheet and therefore reducing

440-519: Is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper , magnesium , manganese , silicon , tin , nickel and zinc . There are two principal classifications, namely casting alloys and wrought alloys, both of which are further subdivided into the categories heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable. About 85% of aluminium is used for wrought products, for example rolled plate, foils and extrusions . Cast aluminium alloys yield cost-effective products due to

484-407: Is completed. The -W condition can be extended at extremely low temperatures but not indefinitely and depending on the material will typically last no longer than 15 minutes at ambient temperatures. The International Alloy Designation System is the most widely accepted naming scheme for wrought alloys. Each alloy is given a four-digit number, where the first digit indicates the major alloying elements,

SECTION 10

#1732772803507

528-414: Is identified with a four digit number which identifies the alloying elements. Cast aluminium alloys use a four to five digit number with a decimal point. The digit in the hundreds place indicates the alloying elements, while the digit after the decimal point indicates the form (cast shape or ingot). The temper designation follows the cast or wrought designation number with a dash, a letter, and potentially

572-818: Is in aluminium–scandium alloys for minor aerospace industry components. These alloys contain between 0.1% and 0.5% (by weight) of scandium. They were used in the Russian military aircraft MiG-21 and MiG-29 . Some items of sports equipment, which rely on high performance materials, have been made with scandium–aluminium alloys, including baseball bats , lacrosse sticks, as well as bicycle frames and components, and tent poles. U.S. gunmaker Smith & Wesson produces revolvers with frames composed of scandium alloy and cylinders of titanium. Due to its light-weight and high strength, aluminium alloys are desired materials to be applied in spacecraft, satellites and other components to be deployed in space. However, this application

616-478: Is limited by the energetic particle irradiation emitted by the Sun . The impact and deposition of solar energetic particles within the microstructure of conventional aluminium alloys can induce the dissolution of most common hardening phases, leading to softening. The recently introduced crossover aluminium alloys are being tested as a surrogate to 6xxx and 7xxx series in environments where energetic particle irradiation

660-562: Is not seen in current aluminium cylinder heads. An important structural limitation of aluminium alloys is their lower fatigue strength compared to steel. In controlled laboratory conditions, steels display a fatigue limit , which is the stress amplitude below which no failures occur – the metal does not continue to weaken with extended stress cycles. Aluminium alloys do not have this lower fatigue limit and will continue to weaken with continued stress cycles. Aluminium alloys are therefore sparsely used in parts that require high fatigue strength in

704-544: Is placed in electrical contact with other metals with more positive corrosion potentials than aluminium, and an electrolyte is present that allows ion exchange. Also referred to as dissimilar-metal corrosion, this process can occur as exfoliation or as intergranular corrosion. Aluminium alloys can be improperly heat treated, causing internal element separation which corrodes the metal from the inside out. Aluminium alloy compositions are registered with The Aluminum Association . Many organizations publish more specific standards for

748-553: Is sold with 64 GB of storage and 6 GB of RAM in Taiwan. Sony is using the familiar IMX400 sensor in the XZ3. This sensor was first featured in the XZs and XZ Premium . It has a RAM chip sandwiched between the sensor and on control circuitry layers which serves as a large and fast buffer to where the sensor can temporarily offload a significant amount of captured data before transferring it to

792-539: Is the first Android device to be launched with Android 9.0 Pie . It includes a new feature from Sony called "Side Sense", which is a custom drawer-like interface that is built-in to the stock Xperia launcher, it can be triggered by tapping twice anywhere along the curved display edge of the XZ3. Soon, Sony made the Android 10 update available to the device. Aluminium alloy An aluminium alloy ( UK / IUPAC ) or aluminum alloy ( NA ; see spelling differences )

836-752: Is the most generalized variety of the English language as spoken in the United States and Canada . Because of their related histories and cultures, plus the similarities between the pronunciations (accents), vocabulary, and grammar of American English and Canadian English , the two spoken varieties are often grouped together under a single category. Canadians are generally tolerant of both British and American spellings, with British spellings of certain words (e.g., colour ) preferred in more formal settings and in Canadian print media; for some other words

880-580: The United States and Canada . In North America, different English dialects of immigrants from England , Scotland , Ireland , and other regions of the British Isles mixed together in the 17th and 18th centuries. These were developed, built upon, and blended together as new waves of immigration, and migration across the North American continent, developed new dialects in new areas, and as these ways of speaking merged with and assimilated to

924-998: The American spelling prevails over the British (e.g., tire rather than tyre ). Dialects of American English spoken by United Empire Loyalists who fled the American Revolution (1775–1783) have had a large influence on Canadian English from its early roots. Some terms in North American English are used almost exclusively in Canada and the United States (for example, the terms diaper and gasoline are widely used instead of nappy and petrol ). Although many English speakers from outside North America regard those terms as distinct Americanisms , they are just as common in Canada, mainly due to

SECTION 20

#1732772803507

968-1116: The XZ3, Sony has abandoned QuickCharge 3.0 in favour of USB Power Delivery (USB-PD), but it still includes Qnovo Adaptive Charging. This allows the device to monitor the cell's electrochemical processes in real time and adjust charging parameters accordingly to minimize cell damage and extend the battery unit's lifespan. UMTS: 800, 850, 900, 1700/2100 (AWS), 1900, 2100 MHz LTE: Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41, 66 UMTS: 800, 850, 900, 1700/2100 (AWS), 1900, 2100 MHz LTE: Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41, 66 UMTS: 800, 850, 900, 1700/2100 (AWS), 1900, 2100 MHz LTE: Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17, 19, 20, 25, 26, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41, 66 UMTS: 800, 850, 2100 MHz LTE: Bands 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 UMTS: 800, 850, 2100 MHz LTE: Bands 1, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 18, 26, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41 UMTS: 850, 900, 1700/2100 (AWS), 1900, 2100 MHz LTE: Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 17, 28, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 The Xperia XZ3

1012-460: The design choices are often governed by the choice of manufacturing technology. Extrusions are particularly important in this regard, owing to the ease with which aluminium alloys, particularly the Al-Mg-Si series, can be extruded to form complex profiles. In general, stiffer and lighter designs can be achieved with aluminium alloy than is feasible with steels. For instance, consider the bending of

1056-436: The desired stiffness and strength. In automotive engineering, cars made of aluminium alloys employ space frames made of extruded profiles to ensure rigidity. This represents a radical change from the common approach for current steel car design, which depend on the body shells for stiffness, known as unibody design. Aluminium alloys are widely used in automotive engines, particularly in engine blocks and crankcases due to

1100-461: The effects of heavy cross-border trade and cultural penetration by the American mass media. The list of divergent words becomes longer if considering regional Canadian dialects, especially as spoken in the Atlantic provinces and parts of Vancouver Island where significant pockets of British culture still remain. There are a considerable number of different accents within the regions of both

1144-522: The greater American dialect mixture that solidified by the mid-18th century. Below, several major North American English accents are defined by particular characteristics: A majority of North American English (for example, in contrast to British English) includes phonological features that concern consonants, such as rhoticity (full pronunciation of all /r/ sounds), conditioned T-glottalization (with satin pronounced [ˈsæʔn̩] , not [ˈsætn̩] ), T- and D-flapping (with metal and medal pronounced

1188-401: The high cycle regime (more than 10 stress cycles). Often, the metal's sensitivity to heat must also be considered. Even a relatively routine workshop procedure involving heating is complicated by the fact that aluminium, unlike steel, will melt without first glowing red. Forming operations where a blow torch is used can reverse or remove the effects of heat treatment. No visual signs reveal how

1232-444: The high tensile strength that is needed for building airplanes and helicopters . Aluminium alloys typically have an elastic modulus of about 70 GPa , which is about one-third of the elastic modulus of steel alloys . Therefore, for a given load, a component or unit made of an aluminium alloy will experience a greater deformation in the elastic regime than a steel part of identical size and shape. With completely new metal products,

1276-452: The highest strength of non-heat-treated alloys. Most 5000 series alloys include manganese as well. 6000 series are alloyed with magnesium and silicon. They are easy to machine, are weldable , and can be precipitation hardened, but not to the high strengths that 2000 and 7000 can reach. 6061 alloy is one of the most commonly used general-purpose aluminium alloys. 7000 series are alloyed with zinc, and can be precipitation hardened to

1320-457: The highest strengths of any aluminium alloy. Most 7000 series alloys include magnesium and copper as well. 8000 series are alloyed with other elements which are not covered by other series. Aluminium–lithium alloys are an example. The Aluminum Association (AA) has adopted a nomenclature similar to that of wrought alloys. British Standard and DIN have different designations. In the AA system,

1364-443: The introduction of metal-skinned aircraft. Aluminium–magnesium alloys are both lighter than other aluminium alloys and much less flammable than other alloys that contain a very high percentage of magnesium. Aluminium alloy surfaces will develop a white, protective layer of aluminium oxide if left unprotected by anodizing and/or correct painting procedures. In a wet environment, galvanic corrosion can occur when an aluminium alloy

Sony Xperia XZ3 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1408-476: The low melting point, although they generally have lower tensile strengths than wrought alloys. The most important cast aluminium alloy system is Al–Si , where the high levels of silicon (4–13%) contribute to give good casting characteristics. Aluminium alloys are widely used in engineering structures and components where light weight or corrosion resistance is required. Alloys composed mostly of aluminium have been very important in aerospace manufacturing since

1452-484: The manufacture of aluminium alloy, including the SAE International standards organization, specifically its aerospace standards subgroups, and ASTM International . Aluminium alloys with a wide range of properties are used in engineering structures. Alloy systems are classified by a number system ( ANSI ) or by names indicating their main alloying constituents ( DIN and ISO ). Selecting the right alloy for

1496-596: The material is internally damaged. Much like welding heat treated, high strength link chain, all strength is now lost by heat of the torch. The chain is dangerous and must be discarded. Aluminium is subject to internal stresses and strains. Sometimes years later, improperly welded aluminium bicycle frames may gradually twist out of alignment from the stresses of the welding process. Thus, the aerospace industry avoids heat altogether by joining parts with rivets of like metal composition, other fasteners, or adhesives. Stresses in overheated aluminium can be relieved by heat-treating

1540-542: The most common aerospace alloys, but were susceptible to stress corrosion cracking and are increasingly replaced by 7000 series in new designs. 3000 series are alloyed with manganese , and can be work hardened . 4000 series are alloyed with silicon. Variations of aluminium–silicon alloys intended for casting (and therefore not included in 4000 series) are also known as silumin . 5000 series are alloyed with magnesium, and offer superb corrosion resistance, making them suitable for marine applications. 5083 alloy has

1584-639: The parts in an oven and gradually cooling it—in effect annealing the stresses. Yet these parts may still become distorted, so that heat-treating of welded bicycle frames, for instance, can result in a significant fraction becoming misaligned. If the misalignment is not too severe, the cooled parts may be bent into alignment. If the frame is properly designed for rigidity (see above), that bending will require enormous force. Aluminium's intolerance to high temperatures has not precluded its use in rocketry; even for use in constructing combustion chambers where gases can reach 3500 K. The RM-81 Agena upper stage engine used

1628-428: The phone's internal memory for processing. The same MotionEye camera setup from the XZ2 is used in this device. It consists of a 19 MP 1/2.3” Exmor RS for mobile sensor with a 1.22 μm pitch, f/2.0 aperture and 25mm wide G lens. It uses Sony's BIONZ image processing engine. Furthermore, it is also capable of shooting 960 fps Super Slow Motion video. The Xperia XZ3 comes with a non-removable 3300 mAh battery. With

1672-440: The same units used on the XZ2. The Xperia XZ3's dimensions are 158 mm (6.2 in) in height, with a width of 73 mm (2.9 in) and a depth of 9.9 mm (0.39 in) and weighs approximately 193 g (6.8 oz). Sony had not used OLED panels in their smartphones previously, however the XZ3 is the first Sony smartphone to come with an OLED panel. It is a 6 inches (150 mm) QHD+ (2880x1440) display, with

1716-454: The same, as [ˈmɛɾɫ̩] ), L-velarization (with filling pronounced [ˈfɪɫɪŋ] , not [ˈfɪlɪŋ] ), as well as features that concern vowel sounds, such as various vowel mergers before /r/ (so that, Mary , marry , and merry are all commonly pronounced the same ), raising of pre-voiceless /aɪ/ (with price and bright using a higher vowel sound than prize and bride ), the weak vowel merger (with affected and effected often pronounced

1760-442: The second two digits reveal the minimum percentage of aluminium, e.g. 150.x correspond to a minimum of 99.50% aluminium. The digit after the decimal point takes a value of 0 or 1, denoting casting and ingot respectively. The main alloying elements in the AA system are as follows: Titanium alloys , which are stronger but heavier than Al-Sc alloys, are still much more widely used. The main application of metallic scandium by weight

1804-668: The second — if different from 0 — indicates a variation of the alloy, and the third and fourth digits identify the specific alloy in the series. For example, in alloy 3105, the number 3 indicates the alloy is in the manganese series, 1 indicates the first modification of alloy 3005, and finally 05 identifies it in the 3000 series. 1000 series are essentially pure aluminium with a minimum 99% aluminium content by weight and can be work hardened . Not an International Alloy Designation System name 2000 series are alloyed with copper, can be precipitation hardened to strengths comparable to steel. Formerly referred to as duralumin , they were once

Sony Xperia XZ3 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1848-1143: The weight of the formed fin. These distinctive features make aluminium alloy 6951 one of the preferred alloys for heat transfer and heat exchangers manufactured for aerospace applications. 6063 aluminium alloys are heat treatable with moderately high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good extrudability. They are regularly used as architectural and structural members. The following list of aluminium alloys are currently produced, but less widely used: These alloys are used for boat building and shipbuilding, and other marine and salt-water sensitive shore applications. 4043, 5183, 6005A, 6082 also used in marine constructions and off shore applications. 6111 aluminium and 2008 aluminium alloy are extensively used for external automotive body panels , with 5083 and 5754 used for inner body panels. Bonnets have been manufactured from 2036 , 6016 , and 6111 alloys. Truck and trailer body panels have used 5456 aluminium . Automobile frames often use 5182 aluminium or 5754 aluminium formed sheets, 6061 or 6063 extrusions. North American English North American English

1892-504: The weight savings that are possible. Since aluminium alloys are susceptible to warping at elevated temperatures, the cooling system of such engines is critical. Manufacturing techniques and metallurgical advancements have also been instrumental for the successful application in automotive engines. In the 1960s, the aluminium cylinder heads of the Chevrolet Corvair earned a reputation for failure and stripping of threads , which

1936-642: Was introduced at that time for household electrical wiring in North America, even though many fixtures had not been designed to accept aluminium wire. But the new use brought some problems: All of this resulted in overheated and loose connections, and this in turn resulted in some fires. Builders then became wary of using the wire, and many jurisdictions outlawed its use in very small sizes, in new construction. Yet newer fixtures eventually were introduced with connections designed to avoid loosening and overheating. At first they were marked "Al/Cu", but they now bear

#506493