79-485: Y2 may refer to: Boeing Y2 , a next-generation aircraft project delivered as the Boeing 787 Greek submarine Papanikolis (Υ-2) , a 1927 submarine Flyglobespan , a British airline (IATA code Y2, 2003–2009) See also [ edit ] 2Y (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
158-537: A 2004 contract. In May 2007, the final assembly on the first 787 began at Everett. Boeing worked to trim excess weight since assembly of the first airframe began; in late 2006, the first six 787s were stated to be overweight, with the first aircraft being 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) heavier than specified. The seventh and subsequent aircraft would be the first optimized 787-8s expected to meet all goals. Accordingly, some parts were redesigned to include more use of titanium . In July 2015, Reuters reported that Boeing
237-425: A Trent 1000 engine suffered a blowout at Rolls-Royce's test facility during ground testing. This engine failure caused a reevaluation of the timeline for installing Trent 1000 engines; on August 27, 2010, Boeing stated that the first delivery to launch customer ANA would be delayed until early 2011. That same month, Boeing faced compensation claims from airlines owing to ongoing delivery delays. In September 2010, it
316-574: A comprehensive agreement that lowers the cost of fuselages for other jetliners that Spirit helps Boeing manufacture. In the second quarter of 2015, Boeing lost $ 25 million (~$ 31.4 million in 2023) on each 787 delivered but was planning to break even per plane before the year-end. After that Boeing hoped to build 900 Dreamliners over six years at an average profit of more than $ 35 million each. But with deferred costs peaking in 2016 at $ 33 billion, (~$ 41.1 billion in 2023) Leeham analyst Bjorn Fehrm believes Boeing cannot make an overall profit on
395-604: A crash test involving a vertical drop of a partial composite fuselage section from about 15 ft (4.6 m) onto a 1 in (25 mm)-thick steel plate occurred in Mesa, Arizona ; the results matched predictions, allowing modeling of various crash scenarios using computational analysis instead of further physical tests. While critics had expressed concerns that a composite fuselage could shatter and burn with toxic fumes during crash landings, test data indicated no greater toxicity than conventional metal airframes. The crash test
474-403: A freighter version of the 787, showing proposals to customers including FedEx Express . As of May 2024 , production of the 787 Freighter is expected to begin between 2028 and 2033. The 787-3 would have carried 290–330 passengers in two-class over 2,500–3,050 nmi (4,630–5,650 km; 2,880–3,510 mi) range, limited by a 364,000 lb (165 t) MTOW . In April 2008, to keep
553-402: A fuel-line clamp left unsecured on its jet, complained that the standard of manufacture was "way below acceptable standards." MTOW The maximum takeoff weight ( MTOW ) or maximum gross takeoff weight ( MGTOW ) or maximum takeoff mass ( MTOM ) of an aircraft , also known as the maximum structural takeoff weight or maximum structural takeoff mass , is the maximum weight at which
632-412: A further $ 20 billion, is not included in these costs. To recoup the deferred costs and earn its goal of a "low single-digit" overall profit margin, Boeing has to make an average profit of more than $ 50 million on the final 205 airplanes of the accounting block to be delivered from 2020: a profit margin of more than 30% while the mature Boeing 737 and 777 programs have 20% to 25% margins. Boeing
711-411: A new 787-9 is $ 145 million in 2018, up from $ 135 million in 2014, but it may have been sold for $ 110–115 million to prevent A330neo sales while an A330-900 is worth $ 115 million. In February 2018, Boeing priced six 787-9s for less than $ 100–115m each to Hawaiian Airlines , close to their production cost of $ 80–90m, to overcome its A330-800 order. By late 2018, deferred production costs were reduced from
790-404: A peak of $ 27.6 billion in early 2016 to $ 23.5 billion as assembly efficiency improved and the 800th production started. By 2014, Boeing planned to improve financial return by reorganizing the production line, renegotiating contracts with suppliers and labor unions, and increasing the 787 production rate, stepwise, to 12 airplanes per month by the end of 2016 and 14 airplanes per month by
869-535: A prototype 787 without major operating systems was rolled out; subsequently the aircraft experienced multiple delays, until its maiden flight on December 15, 2009. Type certification was received in August 2011, and the first 787-8 was delivered in September 2011 before entering commercial service on October 26, 2011, with ANA. At launch, Boeing targeted the 787 with 20% less fuel burn than replaced aircraft like
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#1732776698170948-698: A range of 7,305 nmi (13,529 km; 8,406 mi), with a 502,500 lb (227.9 t) MTOW compared to 560,000 lb (250 t) for later variants. The stretched 787-9, 206 ft (63 m) long, can fly 7,565 nmi (14,010 km; 8,706 mi) with 296 passengers; it entered service on August 7, 2014, with All Nippon Airways. The further stretched 787-10, 224 ft (68 m) long, seating 336 over 6,330 nmi (11,720 km; 7,280 mi), entered service with Singapore Airlines on April 3, 2018. Early 787 operations encountered several problems caused mainly by its lithium-ion batteries , including fires onboard some aircraft. In January 2013,
1027-450: A recent addition to the Boeing board of directors, James McNerney (who would become Boeing's Chairman and CEO in 2005), supported the need for a new aircraft to regain market share from Airbus. The directors on Boeing's board, Harry Stonecipher (Boeing's President and CEO) and John McDonnell issued an ultimatum to "develop the plane for less than 40 percent of what the 777 had cost to develop 13 years earlier, and build each plane out of
1106-556: A third three-month delay to the first flight of the 787, citing insufficient progress on "traveled work." On March 28, 2008, to gain more control over the supply chain, Boeing announced plans to buy Vought Aircraft Industries' interest in Global Aeronautica; a later agreement was also made to buy Vought's factory in North Charleston. On April 9, 2008, a fourth delay was announced, shifting the maiden flight to
1185-440: A three-month delay, blaming a shortage of fasteners as well as incomplete software. On October 10, 2007, a second three-month delay to the first flight and a six-month delay to first deliveries were announced due to supply chain problems, a lack of documentation from overseas suppliers, and flight guidance software delays. Less than a week later, Mike Bair, the 787 program manager was replaced. On January 16, 2008, Boeing announced
1264-408: Is an American wide-body airliner developed and manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . After dropping its unconventional Sonic Cruiser project, Boeing announced the conventional 7E7 on January 29, 2003, which focused largely on efficiency. The program was launched on April 26, 2004, with an order for 50 aircraft from All Nippon Airways (ANA), targeting a 2008 introduction. On July 8, 2007,
1343-490: Is capable of withstanding all the loads likely to be imposed on it during the takeoff, and occasionally by the maximum flight weight . It is possible to have an aircraft certified with a reduced MTOW, lower than the structural maximum, to take advantage of lower MTOW-based fees, such as insurance premiums, landing fees and air traffic control fees are MTOW based. This is considered a permanent modification. Alternatively, holders of an Air Operator Certificate (AOC) may vary
1422-449: Is reaching it through a larger proportion of the 20% to 40% higher price −9/10s, costing only 5% to 10% more than the −8 with lower production costs from reliability and producibility investments and the expected experience curve . Former Douglas Aircraft chief economist Adam Pilarski notes that two assembly sites slow the experience curve. Boeing assumed a faster improvement than on previous programs which had not happened. Competition with
1501-657: Is recognizable by its four-window cockpit, raked wingtips , and noise-reducing chevrons on its engine nacelles . Development and production rely on subcontractors around the world more than for previous Boeing aircraft. Since March 2021 final assembly has been at the Boeing South Carolina factory; it was formerly in the Boeing Everett Factory in Washington. The initial 186-foot-long (57 m) 787-8 typically seats 248 passengers over
1580-602: The Airbus A350 and the launch of the A330neo put strong pressure on the 787 pricing. On July 21, 2016, Boeing reported charges of $ 847 million against two flight-test 787s built in 2009. Boeing had planned to refurbish and sell them but instead wrote them off as research and development expense. In 2017, Boeing's Jim Albaugh said that the requested return on net assets (RONA) led to outsourcing systems reducing investment , but improving RONA had to be balanced against
1659-481: The Boeing 767 , carrying 200 to 300 passengers on point-to-point routes up to 8,500 nautical miles [nmi] (15,700 km; 9,800 mi), a shift from hub-and-spoke travel . The twinjet is powered by General Electric GEnx or Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 high-bypass turbofans. It is the first airliner with an airframe primarily made of composite materials and makes greater use of electrical systems . Externally, it
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#17327766981701738-851: The National Labor Relations Board alleged that a second production line in South Carolina violated two sections of the National Labor Relations Act. In December 2011, the National Labor Relations Board dropped its lawsuit after the Machinists' union withdrew its complaint as part of a new contract with Boeing. The first 787 assembled in South Carolina was rolled out on April 27, 2012. The first 787
1817-466: The Paris Air Show , Boeing said that the 787 would make its first flight within two weeks. On June 23, the first flight was postponed due to structural reasons. Boeing provided an updated 787 schedule on August 27, 2009, with the first flight planned to occur by the end of 2009 and deliveries to begin at the end of 2010. The company expected to write off US$ 2.5 billion because it considered
1896-500: The hub-and-spoke theory toward the point-to-point theory , in response to analysis of focus groups . Randy Baseler, Boeing Commercial Airplanes VP Marketing stated that airport congestion comes from large numbers of regional jets and small single-aisles , flying to destinations where a 550-seat Airbus A380 would be too large; to reduce the number of departures, smaller airplanes can increase by 20% in size and airline hubs can be avoided with point-to-point transit . In 2003,
1975-499: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on aviation , as the production rate fell to six per month. In December, the monthly rate was further reduced to five. In 2019, reports began to emerge about quality-control issues at the North Charleston plant leading to questions about the jet's safety; and later that same year KLM , which had discovered loose seats, missing and incorrectly installed pins, nuts and bolts not fully tightened and
2054-500: The "Terrible Teens." Boeing planned the first flight by the end of August 2007 and premiered the first 787 ( registered N787BA) at a rollout ceremony on July 8, 2007. The 787 had 677 orders at this time, which is more orders from launch to roll-out than any previous wide-body airliner. The major systems were not installed at the time; many parts were attached with temporary non-aerospace fasteners requiring replacement with flight fasteners later. In September 2007, Boeing announced
2133-406: The 1,300 aircraft it expects to deliver during that time. JPMorgan Chase analyst Joseph Nadol estimated the program's cash loss to be $ 45 million per airplane, decreasing as the program moves forward. The actual cash flow reflects Boeing collecting most of the purchase price upon delivery; Boeing expects deferred costs to total $ 25 billion before the company begins to break even on production;
2212-598: The 767, with approximately 40 percent of the efficiency gain from the engines, plus gains from aerodynamic improvements, increased use of lighter-weight composite materials, and advanced systems. The airframe underwent extensive structural testing during its design. The 787-8 and −9 were intended to have a certified 330 minute ETOPS capability. During the design phase, the 787 underwent extensive wind tunnel testing at Boeing's Transonic Wind Tunnel, QinetiQ 's five-meter wind tunnel at Farnborough , United Kingdom, and NASA Ames Research Center 's wind tunnel, as well as at
2291-506: The 787 program has received 1,937 orders and made 1,150 deliveries with no fatalities and no hull losses . During the late 1990s, Boeing considered replacement aircraft programs due to slowing sales of the 767 and 747-400 . Two new aircraft were proposed. The 747X would have lengthened the 747-400 and improved efficiency, and the Sonic Cruiser would have achieved 15% higher speeds (approximately Mach 0.98) while burning fuel at
2370-519: The 787 show compliance. In December 2019, it was reported that Boeing had removed the copper foil that formed part of the protection against lightning strikes to the wings of the aircraft; it then worked with the FAA to override concerns raised. The 787 made its first appearance at an international air show at the Farnborough Airshow , United Kingdom, on July 18, 2010. On August 2, 2010,
2449-580: The 787's maintenance program was passed by the FAA. On May 3, 2009, the first test 787 was moved to the flight line following extensive factory testing, including landing gear swings, systems integration verification, and a total run-through of the first flight. On May 4, 2009, a press report indicated a 10–15% range reduction, about 6,900 nmi (12,800 km; 7,900 mi) instead of the originally promised 7,700 to 8,200 nautical miles (14,300 to 15,200 km; 8,900 to 9,400 mi), for early aircraft that were about 8% overweight. Substantial redesign work
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2528-418: The 787, decided to provide broad level specifications only, on the assumption that relevant partners had the competencies to perform the design and integration work with the limited data. This decision created several delays as suppliers struggled to work with the limited design data. As Boeing worked with its suppliers toward production, the design proceeded through a series of test goals. On August 23, 2007,
2607-1316: The 787-9 tail; the tail of the 787-8 is made by Alenia. The 787 was unprofitable for some subcontractors; Alenia's parent company, Finmeccanica, had a total loss of €750 million on the project. Subcontracted assemblies included wing and center wing box ( Mitsubishi Heavy Industries , Japan; Subaru Corporation , Japan); horizontal stabilizers ( Alenia Aeronautica , Italy; Korea Aerospace Industries , South Korea); fuselage sections (Global Aeronautica, Italy; Boeing, North Charleston , US; Kawasaki Heavy Industries , Japan; Spirit AeroSystems , Wichita , US; Korean Air , South Korea); passenger doors ( Latécoère , France); cargo doors, access doors, and crew escape door ( Saab AB , Sweden); software development ( HCL Enterprise , India); floor beams ( TAL Manufacturing Solutions Limited , India); wiring ( Labinal , France); wing-tips, flap support fairings, wheel well bulkhead, and longerons (Korean Air, South Korea); landing gear ( Messier-Bugatti-Dowty , UK/France); and power distribution and management systems, air conditioning packs ( Hamilton Sundstrand , Connecticut , US). To speed up deliveries, Boeing modified four used 747-400s into 747 Dreamlifters to transport 787 wings, fuselage sections, and other smaller parts. Japanese industrial participation
2686-553: The Dreamliner. The 787 was designed to be the first production airliner with the fuselage comprising one-piece composite barrel sections instead of the multiple aluminum sheets and some 50,000 fasteners used on existing aircraft. Boeing selected two new engines to power the 787, the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 and General Electric GEnx . Boeing stated the 787 would be approximately 20 percent more fuel-efficient than
2765-461: The French aerodynamics research agency, ONERA . The final styling was more conservative than earlier proposals, with the fin, nose, and cockpit windows changed to a more conventional form. By 2005, customer-announced orders and commitments for the 787 reached 237 aircraft. Boeing initially priced the 787-8 variant at US$ 120 million, a low figure that surprised the industry. In 2007, the list price
2844-593: The General Electric GEnx-1B engine. In July 2011, ANA performed a week of operations testing using a 787 in Japan. The test aircraft had flown 4,828 hours in 1,707 flights combined by August 15, 2011. During testing, the 787 visited 14 countries in Asia, Europe, North America, and South America to test in extreme climates and conditions and for route testing. On August 13, 2011, certification testing of
2923-467: The MTOW. Certification standards applicable to the airworthiness of an aircraft contain many requirements. Some of these requirements can only be met by specifying a maximum weight for the aircraft, and demonstrating that the aircraft can meet the requirement at all weights up to, and including, the specified maximum. This limit is typically driven by structural requirements – to ensure the aircraft structure
3002-663: The Maximum Declared Take-Off Weight (MDTOW) for their aircraft. They can subscribe to a scheme, and then vary the weight for each aircraft without further charge. An aircraft can have its MTOW increased by reinforcement due to additional or stronger materials. For example, the Airbus A330 242 tonnes MTOW variant / A330neo uses Scandium–aluminium (scalmalloy) to avoid an empty weight increase. In many circumstances an aircraft may not be permitted to take off at its MTOW. In these circumstances
3081-556: The Rolls-Royce powered 787-8 finished. The FAA and European Aviation Safety Agency certified the 787 on August 26, 2011, at a ceremony in Everett, Washington. Certification cleared the way for deliveries and in 2011, Boeing prepared to increase 787 production rates from two to ten aircraft per month at assembly lines in Everett and Charleston over two years. Legal difficulties clouded production at Charleston; on April 20, 2011,
3160-564: The Sonic Cruiser project was named "7E7" (with a development code name of "Y2"). Technology from the Sonic Cruiser and 7E7 was to be used as part of Boeing's project to replace its entire airliner product line, an endeavor called the Yellowstone Project (of which the 7E7 became the first stage). Early concept images of the 7E7 included rakish cockpit windows, a dropped nose, and a distinctive "shark-fin" tail . The "E"
3239-482: The U.S. FAA grounded all 787s until it approved the revised battery design in April 2013. Significant quality control issues from 2019 onward caused a production slowdown and, from January 2021 until August 2022, an almost total cessation of deliveries. Boeing has spent $ 32 billion on the program; estimates for the number of aircraft sales needed to break even vary between 1,300 and 2,000. As of October 2024 ,
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3318-465: The United States, had been considered the most likely customers of the Sonic Cruiser; thus the Sonic Cruiser was officially canceled on December 20, 2002. On January 29, 2003, Boeing announced an alternative product, the 7E7, using Sonic Cruiser technology in a more conventional configuration. The emphasis on a smaller midsize twinjet rather than a large 747-size aircraft represented a shift from
3397-441: The board between the 777 and 787 saying "In the old days, you would go to the board and ask for X amount of money, and they'd counter with Y amount of money, and then you'd settle on a number, and that's what you'd use to develop the plane. These days, you go to the board, and they say, 'Here's the budget for this airplane, and we'll be taking this piece of it off the top, and you get what's left; don't fuck up.'" The replacement for
3476-542: The comparable number for the Boeing 777 , adjusted for inflation, is $ 3.7 billion. Boeing lost $ 30 million per 787 delivered in the first quarter of 2015, although Boeing planned to break even by the end of the year. The accumulated losses for the 787 totaled almost $ 27 billion (~$ 33.9 billion in 2023) by May 2015. The cost of producing the fuselage may increase because of a tentative deal reached with Spirit Aerosystems of Wichita, Kansas , wherein severe price cuts demanded by Boeing would be eased, in return for
3555-484: The end of the decade. By April 2015, the production rate was 10 per month. From late 2020, the production rate is to be reduced from 14 to 12 airplanes per month due to the China-United States trade war . Production could be trimmed to 10 planes per month as demand for wide-body aircraft falters. On October 1, 2020, Boeing announced the 787 would be produced only in North Charleston from mid-2021 due to
3634-582: The fastest certification campaign for a new Boeing commercial design. The flight test program comprised six aircraft, ZA001 through ZA006, four with Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engines and two with GE GEnx -1B64 engines. The second 787, ZA002 in All Nippon Airways livery , flew to Boeing Field on December 22, 2009, to join the flight test program; the third 787, ZA004 made its first flight on February 24, 2010, followed by ZA003 on March 14, 2010. On March 24, 2010, flutter and ground effects testing
3713-600: The first three Dreamliners built unsellable and suitable only for flight tests. On October 28, 2009, Boeing selected Charleston, SC as the site for a second 787 production line, after soliciting bids from multiple states. On December 12, 2009, the first 787 completed high-speed taxi tests, the last major step before flight. On December 15, 2009, Boeing conducted the 787-8 maiden flight from Paine Field in Everett, Washington , at 10:27 am PST and landed three hours later at 1:33 p.m. at Seattle's Boeing Field . During
3792-402: The flight the 787 reached a top speed of 180 kn (333 km/h) and maximum altitude of 13,200 ft (4,000 m). Originally scheduled for 5 + 1 / 2 hours, the test flight was shortened to three hours due to unfavorable weather conditions. The six-aircraft ground and flight test program was scheduled to be done in eight and a half months and 6800 hours, which was
3871-481: The flight were sold in an online auction; the highest bidder had paid $ 34,000 for a seat. An ANA 787 flew its first long-haul flight to Europe on January 21, 2012, from Haneda to Frankfurt Airport . Even after production of the 787 began, Boeing continued to produce the 767 as a freighter . More stringent emissions and noise limits will go into effect in 2028 and prevent 767 sales in its current form. To address this concern, Boeing has widely reported to be working on
3950-427: The fourth quarter of 2008, and delaying initial deliveries by around 15 months to the third quarter of 2009. The 787-9 variant was postponed to 2012 and the 787-3 variant was to follow at a later date. On November 4, 2008, a fifth delay was announced due to incorrect fastener installation and the Boeing machinists strike , stating that the first test flight would not occur in the fourth quarter of 2008. After assessing
4029-405: The gate for less than 60 percent of the 777's unit costs in 2003", and approved a development budget estimated at US$ 7 billion as Boeing management claimed that they would "require subcontractors to foot the majority of costs." Boeing Commercial Airplanes president Alan Mulally , who had previously served as general manager of the 777 programs contrasted the difference in the approval process by
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#17327766981704108-453: The horizontal stabilizers of test aircraft due to improperly installed shims; all aircraft were inspected and repaired. That same month, a 787 experienced its first in-flight lightning strike; inspections found no damage. As composites can have as little as 1/1,000th the electrical conductivity of aluminum, conductive material is added to alleviate potential risks and to meet FAA requirements. The FAA also planned requirement changes to help
4187-480: The initial variants, with the 787-9 entering service in 2010. On October 5, 2012, Indian state carrier Air India became the first carrier to take possession of a Dreamliner that was manufactured in the Charleston, South Carolina , Boeing plant. This was the first Boeing Dreamliner that was manufactured outside of Washington state . Boeing would go on to use both the Everett and South Carolina plants to deliver
4266-478: The launch customer for the 787, announcing a firm order for 50 aircraft with deliveries to begin in late 2008. The ANA order was initially specified as 30 787-3, 290–330 seat, one-class domestic aircraft, and 20 787-8, long-haul, 210–250 seat, two-class aircraft for regional international routes such as Tokyo-Narita to Beijing-Capital , and could perform routes to cities not previously served, such as Denver , Moscow , and New Delhi . The 787-3 and 787-8 were to be
4345-476: The main cabin during a test flight. The electrical fire caused some systems to fail before landing. Following this incident, Boeing suspended flight testing on November 10, 2010; ground testing continued. After investigation, the in-flight fire was primarily attributed to foreign object debris (FOD) that was present in the electrical bay. After electrical system and software changes, the 787 resumed flight testing on December 23, 2010. On November 5, 2010, it
4424-437: The maximum weight permitted for takeoff will be determined taking account of the following: The maximum weight at which a takeoff may be attempted, taking into account the above factors, is called the maximum permissible takeoff weight, maximum allowed takeoff weight or regulated takeoff weight. The Field Limited Weight is the lowest of the: The Runway Limited Weight is the lowest of the: The Regulated Take-Off Weight
4503-407: The pilot is allowed to attempt to take off , due to structural or other limits. The analogous term for rockets is gross lift-off mass , or GLOW . MTOW is usually specified in units of kilograms or pounds. MTOW is the heaviest weight at which the aircraft has been shown to meet all the airworthiness requirements applicable to it. It refers to the maximum permissible aircraft weight at the start of
4582-533: The program schedule with suppliers, in December 2008, Boeing stated that the first flight was delayed until the second quarter of 2009. Airlines, such as United Airlines and Air India , stated their intentions to seek compensation from Boeing for the delays. A secondary factor in the delays faced by the 787 program was the lack of detailed specifications provided to partners and suppliers. In previous programs Boeing had supplied high level design data, but for
4661-467: The program. Ted Piepenbrock, an academic affiliated with MIT and the University of Oxford , projects losses decreasing through the first 700 airliners and forecasts the cumulative deferred costs to peak beyond $ 34 billion. The model most favorable to Boeing projects a program loss of $ 5 billion after delivering 2,000 Dreamliners. Boeing's original development investment, estimated at least at
4740-409: The risk of loss of control. From 2019, Boeing was to build 14 787s per month (168 per year), helping to offset the $ 28 billion in deferred production costs accumulated through 2015 and would add 100 aircraft to the current accounting block of 1,300 at the end of 2017 third quarter. In 2019, the list price for a 787-8 was US$ 248.3M, $ 292.5M for a 787-9, and $ 338.4M for a 787-10. The valuation for
4819-437: The same rate as the 767. Market interest for the 747X was tepid; several major American airlines, including Continental Airlines , showed initial enthusiasm for the Sonic Cruiser, although concerns about the operating cost were also expressed. The global airline-market was disrupted by the 9/11 attacks and increased petroleum prices, making airlines more interested in efficiency than speed. The worst-affected airlines, those in
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#17327766981704898-523: The same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Y2&oldid=1234669659 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Boeing Y2 The Boeing 787 Dreamliner
4977-454: The short-haul model as it struggled to produce the 787-8 after program delays of three years. The 787 Dreamliner program has reportedly cost Boeing $ 32 billion. In 2013, the 787 program was expected to be profitable after 1,100 aircraft have been sold. At the end of 2013, the cost of producing a 787 exceeded the purchase price. Boeing's accounting method books sales immediately and distributes estimated production costs over ten years for
5056-401: The takeoff run. MTOW of an aircraft is fixed and does not vary with altitude, air temperature, or the length of the runway to be used for takeoff or landing. Maximum permissible takeoff weight or "regulated takeoff weight", varies according to flap setting, altitude, air temperature, length of runway and other factors. It is different from one takeoff to the next, but can never be higher than
5135-694: The test had been a success. On April 23, 2010, the newest 787, ZA003, arrived at the McKinley Climatic Laboratory hangar at Eglin Air Force Base , Florida, for extreme weather testing in temperatures ranging from 115 to −45 °F (46 to −43 °C), including takeoff preparations at both temperature extremes. ZA005, the fifth 787 and the first with GEnx engines, began ground engine tests in May 2010, and made its first flight on June 16, 2010. In June 2010, gaps were discovered in
5214-506: The −8 on track for delivery, the −9 stretch was postponed from 2010 to at least 2012 and prioritized before the 787-3 and its 43 orders to follow without a firm delivery date. It kept the −8 length but its 51.7 m wingspan would have fit in ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code D. It was designed to operate on Boeing 757 -300/ Boeing 767 -200 sized regional routes from airports with restricted gate spacing. The wingspan
5293-559: Was US$ 146–151.5 million for the 787-3, US$ 157–167 million for the 787-8, and US$ 189–200 million for the 787-9. On December 16, 2003, Boeing announced that the 787 would be assembled in its factory in Everett, Washington . Instead of conventionally building the aircraft from the ground up, the final assembly employed 800 to 1,200 people to join completed subassemblies and integrate systems. Boeing assigned global subcontractors to do more assembly work, delivering completed subassemblies to Boeing for final assembly. This approach
5372-438: Was completed, clearing the aircraft to fly its entire flight envelope . On March 28, 2010, the 787 completed the ultimate wing load test, which requires that the wings of a fully assembled aircraft be loaded to 150% of the design limit load and held for 3 seconds. The wings were flexed approximately 25 ft (7.6 m) upward during the test. Unlike past aircraft, the wings were not tested to failure. On April 7, data showed
5451-411: Was considering reducing the use of titanium to reduce construction costs. Early built 787s (line numbers under 20) were overweight, increasing their fuel burn and reducing their maximum range, and some carriers decided to take later aircraft. Boeing struggled to sell these aircraft, eventually offering significant discounts and scrapping one. Because of their line numbers, these aircraft were nicknamed
5530-499: Was decreased by using blended winglets instead of raked wingtips . By January 2010, all orders, from Japan Airlines and All Nippon Airways, had been converted to the 787-8. As it was designed specifically for the Japanese market, Boeing would likely scrap it after they switched orders. The −8's longer wingspan makes it more efficient on stages longer than 200 nmi (370 km; 230 mi). In December 2010, Boeing withdrew
5609-436: Was expected to correct this, which would complicate increases in production rates; Boeing stated the early 787-8s would have a range of almost 8,000 nmi (15,000 km; 9,200 mi). As a result, some airlines reportedly delayed deliveries of 787s to take later planes that may be closer to the original estimates. Boeing expected to have the weight issues addressed by the 21st production model. On June 15, 2009, during
5688-401: Was intended to result in a leaner, simpler assembly line and lower inventory, with pre-installed systems reducing final assembly time by three-quarters to three days. Subcontractors had early difficulties procuring needed parts and finishing subassemblies on schedule, leaving remaining assembly work for Boeing to complete as "traveled work." In 2010, Boeing considered in-house construction of
5767-428: Was key to the project. Japanese companies co-designed and built 35% of the aircraft; the first time that outside firms played a key design role on Boeing airliner wings. The Japanese government supported development with an estimated US$ 2 billion in loans. On April 26, 2006, Japanese manufacturer Toray Industries and Boeing signed a production agreement involving US$ 6 billion worth of carbon fiber , extending
5846-593: Was officially delivered to All Nippon Airways (ANA) on September 25, 2011, at the Boeing Everett factory. A ceremony to mark the occasion was also held the next day. On September 27, it flew to Tokyo Haneda Airport . The airline took delivery of the second 787 on October 13, 2011. On October 26, 2011, an ANA 787 flew the first commercial flight from Tokyo's Narita International Airport to Hong Kong International Airport . The Dreamliner entered service some three years later than originally planned. Tickets for
5925-458: Was received. The alternative GE GEnx-1B engine achieved certification on March 31, 2008. On June 20, 2008, the first aircraft was powered up, for testing the electrical supply and distribution systems. A non-flightworthy static test airframe was built; on September 27, 2008, the fuselage was successfully tested at 14.9 psi (103 kPa) differential, which is 150 percent of the maximum pressure expected in commercial service. In December 2008,
6004-468: Was reported that some 787 deliveries would be delayed to address problems found during flight testing. In January 2011, the first 787 delivery was rescheduled to the third quarter of 2011 due to software and electrical updates following the in-flight fire. By February 24, 2011, the 787 had completed 80% of the test conditions for the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engine and 60% of the conditions for
6083-445: Was reported that two additional 787s might join the test fleet for a total of eight flight test aircraft. On September 10, 2010, a partial engine surge occurred in a Trent engine on ZA001 at Roswell. On October 4, 2010, the sixth 787, ZA006 joined the test program with its first flight. On November 9, 2010, the second 787, ZA002 made an emergency landing at Laredo International Airport , Texas, after smoke and flames were detected in
6162-422: Was said to stand for various things, such as "efficiency" or "environmentally friendly". In the end, Boeing said it stood for "Eight". In July 2003, a public naming competition was held for the 7E7, for which out of 500,000 votes cast online the winning title was Dreamliner . Other names included eLiner , Global Cruiser , and Stratoclimber . On April 26, 2004, Japanese airline All Nippon Airways (ANA) became
6241-444: Was the third in a series of demonstrations conducted to match FAA requirements, including additional certification criteria due to the wide-scale use of composite materials. The 787 meets the FAA's requirement that passengers have at least as good a chance of surviving a crash landing as they would with current metal airliners. On August 7, 2007, on-time certification of the Rolls-Royce Trent 1000 engine by European and US regulators
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