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87-415: YP B P R is commonly referred to as component video by manufacturers; however, there are many types of component video, most of which are some form of RGB . Some video cards come with video-in video-out (VIVO) ports for connecting to component video devices. Y ′ P ′ b P ′ r {\displaystyle Y'P'bP'r} can be derived from

174-410: A blue-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about 555 nm, a yellow-green; these are the peak locations of the rod and cone (scotopic and photopic, respectively) luminosity functions . The perception of greenness (in opposition to redness forming one of the opponent mechanisms in human color vision ) is evoked by light which triggers the medium-wavelength M cone cells in

261-425: A camouflage in military and other fields. Substances that may impart a greenish hue to one's skin include biliverdin , the green pigment in bile , and ceruloplasmin , a protein that carries copper ions in chelation . The green huntsman spider is green due to the presence of bilin pigments in the spider's hemolymph (circulatory system fluids) and tissue fluids . It hunts insects in green vegetation, where it

348-575: A colorless component, termed luma , which provides brightness information (as in black-and-white video). This combines with one or more color-carrying components, termed chroma , that give only color information. Both the S-Video component video output (two separate signals) and the YP B P R component video output (three separate signals) seen on DVD players are examples of this method. Converting video into luma and chroma allows for chroma subsampling ,

435-430: A composite signal, such as NTSC , PAL or SECAM , the luminance , Brightness (Y) signal and the chrominance , Color (C) signals are encoded together into one signal. When the color components are kept as separate signals, the video is called component analog video (CAV), which requires three separate signals: the luminance signal (Y) and the color difference signals (R-Y and B-Y). Since component video does not undergo

522-632: A gamma corrected R ′ G ′ B ′ {\displaystyle R'G'B'} signal with a typical range of 0-700 mV . The first step is converting to Y ′ {\displaystyle Y'} , R ′ − Y ′ {\displaystyle R'-Y'} and B ′ − Y ′ {\displaystyle B'-Y'} . Y ′ {\displaystyle Y'} carries luma (brightness or luminance ) and synchronization (sync) information. Luma

609-481: A genuine and widely used term for "green". Related to virere "to grow" and ver "spring", it gave rise to words in several Romance languages , French vert , Italian verde (and English vert , verdure etc.). Likewise the Slavic languages with zelenъ . Ancient Greek also had a term for yellowish, pale green – χλωρός , chloros (cf. the color of chlorine), cognate with χλοερός "verdant" and χλόη " chloe ,

696-454: A green dye for clothing, made from the leaves of the birch tree. It was of very poor quality, more brown than green. Ceramics from ancient Mesopotamia show people wearing vivid green costumes, but it is not known how the colors were produced. In Ancient Egypt , green was the symbol of regeneration and rebirth, and of the crops made possible by the annual flooding of the Nile. For painting on

783-468: A green hue themselves as camouflage . Several minerals have a green color, including the emerald , which is colored green by its chromium content. During post-classical and early modern Europe, green was the color commonly associated with wealth, merchants, bankers, and the gentry, while red was reserved for the nobility. For this reason, the costume of the Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci and

870-499: A meaning that covers both blue and green; blue and green are traditionally considered shades of " 青 ". In more contemporary terms, they are 藍 ( lán , in Mandarin) and 綠 ( lǜ , in Mandarin) respectively. Japanese also has two terms that refer specifically to the color green, 緑 ( midori , which is derived from the classical Japanese descriptive verb midoru "to be in leaf, to flourish" in reference to trees) and グリーン ( guriin , which

957-507: A method used by JPEG and MPEG compression schemes to reduce the storage requirements for images and video (respectively). Many consumer TVs, DVD players, monitors, video projectors and other video devices at one time used YP B P R output or input. When used for connecting a video source to a video display where both support 4:3 and 16:9 display formats, the PAL television standard provides for signaling pulses that will automatically switch

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1044-485: A mix ratio 75:25 of boron and potassium nitrate . Smoke can be turned green by a mixture: solvent yellow 33, solvent green 3, lactose , magnesium carbonate plus sodium carbonate added to potassium chlorate . Green is common in nature, as many plants are green because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll, which is involved in photosynthesis . Chlorophyll absorbs the long wavelengths of light (red) and short wavelengths of light (blue) much more efficiently than

1131-533: A new politics of the left which rejected traditional socialism and communism. (See § In politics section below.) Green can communicate safety to proceed, as in traffic lights . Green and red were standardized as the colors of international railroad signals in the 19th century. The first traffic light, using green and red gas lamps, was erected in 1868 in front of the Houses of Parliament in London. It exploded

1218-442: A traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red. In additive color devices such as computer displays and televisions, one of the primary light sources is typically a narrow-spectrum yellowish-green of dominant wavelength ~550  nm ; this "green" primary is combined with an orangish-red "red" primary and a purplish-blue "blue" primary to produce any color in between –

1305-757: Is a commonly used coloring in the United Kingdom but is banned in Australia, Japan, Norway and the United States. Green S (E142) is prohibited in many countries, for it is known to cause hyperactivity , asthma , urticaria , and insomnia . To create green sparks, fireworks use barium salts , such as barium chlorate , barium nitrate crystals, or barium chloride , also used for green fireplace logs. Copper salts typically burn blue, but cupric chloride (also known as "campfire blue") can also produce green flames. Green pyrotechnic flares can use

1392-529: Is an analog video signal that has been split into two or more component channels. In popular use, it refers to a type of component analog video (CAV) information that is transmitted or stored as three separate signals. Component video can be contrasted with composite video in which all the video information is combined into a single signal that is used in analog television . Like composite, component cables do not carry audio and are often paired with audio cables . When used without any other qualifications,

1479-403: Is associated with the east, with sunrise, and with life and growth. In Thailand, the color green is considered auspicious for those born on a Wednesday (light green for those born at night). Green is the color most commonly associated in the United States and Europe with springtime, freshness, and hope. Green is often used to symbolize rebirth and renewal and immortality. In Ancient Egypt ;

1566-513: Is blood red and pale yellow, with a green billiard table in the center, and four lamps of lemon yellow, with rays of orange and green. Everywhere it is a battle and antithesis of the most different reds and greens." In the 1980s, green became a political symbol, the color of the Green Party in Germany and in many other European countries. It symbolized the environmental movement , and also

1653-409: Is by separating the components of a video signal so that they do not interfere with each other. A signal separated in this way is called "component video". S-Video , RGB and YP B P R signals comprise two or more separate signals, and thus are all component-video signals. For most consumer-level video applications, the common three-cable system using BNC or RCA connectors analog component video

1740-485: Is cognate with the Ancient Greek γλαυκός "bluish green", contrasting with χλωρός "yellowish green" discussed above. In modern Japanese, the term for green is 緑 , while the old term for "blue/green", blue ( 青 , Ao ) now means "blue". But in certain contexts, green is still conventionally referred to as 青, as in blue traffic light ( 青信号 , ao shingō ) and blue leaves ( 青葉 , aoba ) , reflecting

1827-532: Is created by a combination of yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model , used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors , along with red and blue , which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. By far the largest contributor to green in nature is chlorophyll , the chemical by which plants photosynthesize and convert sunlight into chemical energy. Many creatures have adapted to their green environments by taking on

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1914-751: Is defined as: R ′ − Y ′ {\displaystyle R'-Y'} carries the difference between red and luma, defined as: B ′ − Y ′ {\displaystyle B'-Y'} carries the difference between blue and luma, defined as: These R ′ − Y ′ {\displaystyle R'-Y'} and B ′ − Y ′ {\displaystyle B'-Y'} values are then scaled to obtain normalized P ′ r {\displaystyle P'r} and P ′ b {\displaystyle P'b} values in

2001-516: Is derived from the English word "green"). However, in Japan, although the traffic lights have the same colors as other countries have, the green light is described using the same word as for blue, aoi , because green is considered a shade of aoi; similarly, green variants of certain fruits and vegetables such as green apples, green shiso (as opposed to red apples and red shiso) will be described with

2088-436: Is largely due to screens moving to large flat digital panels as well as the desire for having a single cable for both audio and video, but also due to a slight loss of clarity when converting from a digital media source to analog and back again for a flat digital display, particularly when used at higher resolutions where analog signals are highly susceptible to noise. Examples of international component video standards are: In

2175-425: Is missing or faulty, which can cause color blindness , including the common inability to distinguish red and yellow from green, known as deuteranopia or red-green color blindness. Green is restful to the eye. Studies show that a green environment can reduce fatigue. In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan ; in

2262-482: Is rarely found in Greek art. The Romans had a greater appreciation for the color green; it was the color of Venus , the goddess of gardens, vegetables and vineyards. The Romans made a fine green earth pigment that was widely used in the wall paintings of Pompeii , Herculaneum , Lyon , Vaison-la-Romaine , and other Roman cities. They also used the pigment verdigris, made by soaking copper plates in fermenting wine. By

2349-603: Is sometimes known as RGBHV, as the horizontal and vertical synchronization pulses are sent in separate channels. This mode requires five conductors. If separate cables are used, the sync lines are usually yellow (H) and white (V), yellow (H) and black (V), or gray (H) and black (V). Sync on Green (SoG) is less common, and while some VGA monitors support it, most do not. Sony is a big proponent of SoG, and most of their monitors (and their PlayStation line of video game consoles) use it. Like devices that use composite video or S-video, SoG devices require additional circuitry to remove

2436-502: Is sometimes used on SCART, since both composite video and S-Video luma ride along the same pins. This generally does not suffer from the same checkerboard issue as sync on composite, and is generally acceptable on devices that do not feature composite sync, such as the Sony PlayStation and some modded Nintendo 64 models. Further types of component analog video signals do not use separate red, green and blue components but rather

2523-518: Is the color most commonly associated in Europe and the United States with nature, vivacity and life. It is the color of many environmental organizations, such as Greenpeace , and of the Green Parties in Europe. Many cities have designated a garden or park as a green space, and use green trash bins and containers. A green cross is commonly used to designate pharmacies in Europe. In China, green

2610-707: Is the color most commonly associated with nature , life , health , youth , spring , hope , and envy . In the European Union and the United States , green is also sometimes associated with toxicity and poor health, but in China and most of Asia, its associations are very positive, as the symbol of fertility and happiness. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement . Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of

2697-447: Is then passed through another crystal containing potassium, titanium and phosphorus (KTP), whose non-linear properties generate light at a frequency that is twice that of the incident beam (563.5 THz); in this case corresponding to the wavelength of 532 nm ("green"). Other green wavelengths are also available using DPSS technology ranging from 501 nm to 543 nm. Green wavelengths are also available from gas lasers , including

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2784-417: Is used for color information, while the composite video signal is only used to extract the sync information. This is generally an inferior sync method, as this often causes checkerboards to appear on an image, but the image quality is still much sharper than standalone composite video. Sync on luma is much similar to sync on composite, but uses the Y signal from S-Video instead of a composite video signal. This

2871-583: Is well camouflaged. There is no green pigment in green eyes; like the color of blue eyes, it is an optical illusion; its appearance is caused by the combination of an amber or light brown pigmentation of the stroma , given by a low or moderate concentration of melanin , with the blue tone imparted by the Rayleigh scattering of the reflected light. Nobody is brought into the world with green eyes. An infant has one of two eye hues: dark or blue. Following birth, cells called melanocytes start to discharge melanin,

2958-690: The German word grün , has the same root as the words grass and grow . It is from a Common Germanic *gronja - , which is also reflected in Old Norse grænn , Old High German gruoni (but unattested in East Germanic ), ultimately from a PIE root * ghre- "to grow", and root-cognate with grass and to grow . The first recorded use of the word as a color term in Old English dates to ca. AD 700. Latin with viridis also has

3045-548: The Green movement , some naming themselves Green parties . This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly , products. Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. The word green comes from the Middle English and Old English word grene , which, like

3132-457: The RGB color model , used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors , along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to create all other colors. On the HSV color wheel , also known as the RGB color wheel , the complement of green is magenta ; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples ). On

3219-468: The chroma dots . The same goes the other way around so long as 480i or 576i is used. Signals using YP B P R offer enough separation that no color multiplexing is needed, so the quality of the extracted image is nearly identical to the pre-encoded signal. S-Video and composite video mix the signals together by means of electronic multiplexing. Signal degradation is typical for composite video, as most display systems are unable to completely separate

3306-632: The helium–neon laser (543 nm), the Argon- ion laser (514 nm) and the Krypton-ion laser (521 nm and 531 nm), as well as liquid dye lasers . Green lasers have a wide variety of applications, including pointing, illumination, surgery, laser light shows , spectroscopy , interferometry , fluorescence , holography , machine vision , non-lethal weapons , and bird control . As of mid-2011, direct green laser diodes at 510 nm and 500 nm have become generally available, although

3393-448: The 16th century was a good green dye produced, by first dyeing the cloth blue with woad, and then yellow with Reseda luteola , also known as yellow-weed. The pigments available to painters were more varied; monks in monasteries used verdigris, made by soaking copper in fermenting wine, to color medieval manuscripts. They also used finely-ground malachite, which made a luminous green. They used green earth colors for backgrounds. During

3480-453: The English adjective orange being in origin not a color term but the name of a fruit). Thus, the Thai word เขียว kheīyw , besides meaning "green", also means "rank" and "smelly" and holds other unpleasant associations. The Celtic languages had a term for "blue/green/grey", Proto-Celtic *glasto- , which gave rise to Old Irish glas "green, grey" and to Welsh glas "blue". This word

3567-499: The RGB color model. A unique green (green appearing neither yellowish nor bluish) is produced on such a device by mixing light from the green primary with some light from the blue primary. Lasers emitting in the green part of the spectrum are widely available to the general public in a wide range of output powers. Green laser pointers outputting at 532  nm (563.5  THz ) are relatively inexpensive compared to other wavelengths of

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3654-685: The Slavic zelenъ is cognate with Sanskrit harithah "yellow, ochre, golden". The Turkic languages also have jašɨl "green" or "yellowish green", compared to a Mongolian word for "meadow". In some languages, including old Chinese , Thai , old Japanese , and Vietnamese , the same word can mean either blue or green. The Chinese character 青 (pronounced qīng in Mandarin , ao in Japanese, and thanh in Sino-Vietnamese ) has

3741-415: The absence of blue-green distinction in old Japanese (more accurately, the traditional Japanese color terminology grouped some shades of green with blue, and others with yellow tones). In optics, the perception of green is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 495–570  nm . The sensitivity of the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about 507 nm,

3828-403: The analogy to immature and unripe fruit. Examples include green cheese , a term for a fresh, unaged cheese, and greenhorn , an inexperienced person. The color green has been increasingly used by food companies, governments, and practitioners themselves to identify veganism and vegetarianism. The government of India requires food that is vegetarian to be marked with a green circle as part of

3915-626: The benches in the British House of Commons are green while those in the House of Lords are red. It also has a long historical tradition as the color of Ireland and of Gaelic culture . It is the historic color of Islam , representing the lush vegetation of Paradise . It was the color of the banner of Muhammad , and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries. In surveys made in American , European, and Islamic countries , green

4002-417: The blue-green color is likely to be derived from small quantities of lead and water in the feldspar . Copper is the source of the green color in malachite pigments, chemically known as basic copper(II) carbonate . Verdigris is made by placing a plate or blade of copper, brass or bronze, slightly warmed, into a vat of fermenting wine, leaving it there for several weeks, and then scraping off and drying

4089-520: The bride in the Arnolfini portrait by Jan van Eyck . There were no good vegetal green dyes which resisted washing and sunlight for those who wanted or were required to wear green. Green dyes were made out of the fern , plantain , buckthorn berries, the juice of nettles and of leeks , the digitalis plant, the broom plant, the leaves of the fraxinus , or ash tree, and the bark of the alder tree, but they rapidly faded or changed color. Only in

4176-529: The case where there is no longer a phase shift used to represent hue. Thus, the YP B P R nomenclature derives from engineering metrics developed for the NTSC color standard. The same cables can be used for YP B P R and composite video . This means that the yellow, red, and white RCA connector cables commonly packaged with most audio/visual equipment can be used in place of the YP B P R connectors, provided

4263-407: The color of the sea and the color of trees. The philosopher Democritus described two different greens: chloron , or pale green, and prasinon , or leek green. Aristotle considered that green was located midway between black, symbolizing the earth, and white, symbolizing water. However, green was not counted among the four classic colors of Greek painting – red, yellow, black and white – and

4350-476: The comparative study of color terms in the world's languages, green is only found as a separate category in languages with the fully developed range of six colors (white, black, red, green, yellow, and blue), or more rarely in systems with five colors (white, red, yellow, green, and black/blue). These languages have introduced supplementary vocabulary to denote "green", but these terms are recognizable as recent adoptions that are not in origin color terms (much like

4437-788: The display from one format to the other. Component video requires an extra synchronization signal to be sent along with the video. Component video sync signals can be sent in several different ways: Digital component video makes use of single cables with signal lines/connector pins dedicated to digital signals, transmitting digital color space values allowing higher resolutions up to 1080p . RGB component video has largely been replaced by modern digital formats, such as DisplayPort or Digital Visual Interface (DVI) digital connections, while home theater systems increasingly favor High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI), which support higher resolutions, higher dynamic range, and can be made to support digital rights management . The demise of analog

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4524-484: The early Renaissance, painters such as Duccio di Buoninsegna learned to paint faces first with a green undercoat, then with pink, which gave the faces a more realistic hue. Over the centuries the pink has faded, making some of the faces look green. The 18th and 19th centuries brought the discovery and production of synthetic green pigments and dyes, which rapidly replaced the earlier mineral and vegetable pigments and dyes. These new dyes were more stable and brilliant than

4611-693: The earthy colored shade, in the child's irises. This begins happening since melanocytes respond to light in time. Green eyes are most common in Northern and Central Europe . They can also be found in Southern Europe , West Asia , Central Asia , and South Asia . In Iceland , 89% of women and 87% of men have either blue or green eye color. A study of Icelandic and Dutch adults found green eyes to be much more prevalent in women than in men. Neolithic cave paintings do not have traces of green pigments, but neolithic peoples in northern Europe did make

4698-426: The encoding process, the color quality is noticeably better than composite video. Component video connectors are not unique in that the same connectors are used for several different standards; hence, making a component video connection often does not lead to a satisfactory video signal being transferred. Many DVD players and TVs may need to be set to indicate the type of input/output being used, and if set incorrectly

4785-414: The end user is careful to connect each cable to corresponding components at both ends. Also, many TVs use the green connection either for luma only or for composite video input. Since YP B P R is backwards compatible with the luminance portion of composite video even with just component video decoding one can still use composite video via this input, but only luma information will be displayed, along with

4872-427: The extraction of light were selected to exploit those portions of the spectrum not used by the halobacteria. Animals typically use the color green as camouflage , blending in with the chlorophyll green of the surrounding environment. Most fish, reptiles, amphibians, and birds appear green because of a reflection of blue light coming through an over-layer of yellow pigment. Perception of color can also be affected by

4959-423: The eye more than the long-wavelength L cones. Light which triggers this greenness response more than the yellowness or blueness of the other color opponent mechanism is called green. A green light source typically has a spectral power distribution dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 487–570 nm. Human eyes have color receptors known as cone cells, of which there are three types. In some cases, one

5046-564: The following year, injuring the policeman who operated it. In 1912, the first modern electric traffic lights were put up in Salt Lake City , Utah . Red was chosen largely because of its high visibility, and its association with danger, while green was chosen largely because it could not be mistaken for red. Today green lights universally signal that a system is turned on and working as it should. In many video games, green signifies both health and completed objectives, opposite red. Green

5133-451: The god Osiris , king of the underworld, was depicted as green-skinned. Green as the color of hope is connected with the color of springtime; hope represents the faith that things will improve after a period of difficulty, like the renewal of flowers and plants after the winter season. Green the color most commonly associated in Europe and the United States with youth. It also often is used to describe anyone young, inexperienced, probably by

5220-399: The green of new growth". Thus, the languages mentioned above (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, Greek) have old terms for "green" which are derived from words for fresh, sprouting vegetation. However, comparative linguistics makes clear that these terms were coined independently, over the past few millennia, and there is no identifiable single Proto-Indo-European or word for "green". For example,

5307-579: The green powder that forms on the metal. The process of making verdigris was described in ancient times by Pliny . It was used by the Romans in the murals of Pompeii, and in Celtic medieval manuscripts as early as the 5th century AD. It produced a blue-green which no other pigment could imitate, but it had drawbacks: it was unstable, it could not resist dampness, it did not mix well with other colors, it could ruin other colors with which it came into contact, and it

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5394-404: The image may not be properly displayed. Progressive scan , for example, is often not enabled by default, even when component video output is selected. Green Green is the color between cyan and yellow on the visible spectrum . It is evoked by light which has a dominant wavelength of roughly 495–570 nm . In subtractive color systems, used in painting and color printing, it

5481-684: The lush green of rural landscapes and forests. Green was contrasted to the smoky grays and blacks of the Industrial Revolution. The second half of the 19th century saw the use of green in art to create specific emotions, not just to imitate nature. One of the first to make color the central element of his picture was the American artist James McNeill Whistler , who created a series of paintings called "symphonies" or "noctures" of color, including Symphony in gray and green; The Ocean between 1866 and 1872. The late 19th century also brought

5568-441: The more notable green minerals, however is the emerald , which is colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium . Chromium(III) oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), is called chrome green , also called viridian or institutional green when used as a pigment. For many years, the source of amazonite 's color was a mystery. Widely thought to have been due to copper because copper compounds often have blue and green colors,

5655-547: The price remains relatively prohibitive for widespread public use. The efficiency of these lasers (peak 3%) compared to that of DPSS green lasers (peak 35%) may also be limiting adoption of the diodes to niche uses. Many minerals provide pigments which have been used in green paints and dyes over the centuries. Pigments, in this case, are minerals which reflect the color green, rather that emitting it through luminescent or phosphorescent qualities. The large number of green pigments makes it impossible to mention them all. Among

5742-559: The range of +/- 350 mV: There are other standards of YP B P R components derivation available: To send a green signal as a fourth component is redundant, as it can be derived using the blue, red and luma information. When color signals were first added to the NTSC-encoded black and white video standard, the hue was represented by a phase shift of a color reference sub-carrier . P for phase information or phase shift has carried through to represent color information even in

5829-475: The roots of the woad plant. For the ancient Egyptians, green had very positive associations. The hieroglyph for green represented a growing papyrus sprout, showing the close connection between green, vegetation, vigor and growth. In wall paintings, the ruler of the underworld, Osiris , was typically portrayed with a green face, because green was the symbol of good health and rebirth. Palettes of green facial makeup, made with malachite, were found in tombs. It

5916-459: The same power, and are very popular due to their good beam quality and very high apparent brightness. The most common green lasers use diode pumped solid state ( DPSS ) technology to create the green light. An infrared laser diode at 808 nm is used to pump a crystal of neodymium- doped yttrium vanadium oxide (Nd:YVO4) or neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) and induces it to emit 281.76 THz (1064 nm). This deeper infrared light

6003-558: The second century AD, the Romans were using green in paintings, mosaics and glass, and there were ten different words in Latin for varieties of green. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, the color of clothing showed a person's social rank and profession. Red could only be worn by the nobility, brown and gray by peasants, and green by merchants, bankers and the gentry and their families. The Mona Lisa wears green in her portrait, as does

6090-509: The signal and contain a lot of redundant data since each channel typically includes much of the same black-and-white image. Early personal computers such as the IBM PS/2 offered this signal via a VGA port . Many televisions, especially in Europe, can utilize RGB via the SCART connector. In addition to the red, green and blue color signals, RGB requires two additional signals to synchronize

6177-595: The signal is not in RGB . YPbPr component video can be losslessly converted to the RGB signal that internally drives the monitor; the encoding is useful as the Y signal will also work on black and white monitors. Reproducing a video signal on a display device (for example, a cathode-ray tube ; CRT) is a straightforward process complicated by the multitude of signal sources. DVD , VHS , computers and video game consoles all store, process and transmit video signals using different methods, and often each will provide more than one signal option. One way of maintaining signal clarity

6264-571: The signals, though HDTVs tend to perform such separation better than most CRT units (see dot crawl ). S-Video can mitigate some of these potential issues, as its luma is transmitted separately from chroma. Among consumer analog interfaces, only YP B P R and analog RGB component video are capable of carrying non- interlaced video and resolutions higher than 480i or 576i , up to 1080p for YP B P R . Graphic chipsets that generate color internally based on YP B P R : Component video#RGB analog component video Component video

6351-572: The surrounding environment. For example, broadleaf forests typically have a yellow-green light about them as the trees filter the light. Turacoverdin is one chemical which can cause a green hue in birds, especially. Invertebrates such as insects or mollusks often display green colors because of porphyrin pigments, sometimes caused by diet. This can causes their feces to look green as well. Other chemicals which generally contribute to greenness among organisms are flavins (lychochromes) and hemanovadin. Humans have imitated this by wearing green clothing as

6438-461: The sync signal from the green line. A monitor that is not equipped to handle SoG will display an image with an extreme green tint, if any image at all, when given a SoG input. Sync on red and sync on blue are even rarer than sync on green, and are typically used only in certain specialized equipment. Sync on composite, not to be confused with composite sync, is commonly used on devices that output both composite video and RGB over SCART. The RGB signal

6525-420: The systematic study of color theory, and particularly the study of how complementary colors such as red and green reinforced each other when they were placed next to each other. These studies were avidly followed by artists such as Vincent van Gogh . Describing his painting, The Night Cafe , to his brother Theo in 1888, Van Gogh wrote: "I sought to express with red and green the terrible human passions. The hall

6612-409: The term component video usually refers to analog YP B P R component video with sync on luma (Y) found on analog high-definition televisions and associated equipment from the 1990s through the 2000s when they were largely replaced with HDMI and other all-digital standards. Component video cables and their RCA jack connectors on equipment are normally color-coded red, green and blue, although

6699-400: The vegetable dyes, but some contained high levels of arsenic , and were eventually banned. In the 18th and 19th centuries, green was associated with the romantic movement in literature and art. The German poet and philosopher Goethe declared that green was the most restful color, suitable for decorating bedrooms. Painters such as John Constable and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot depicted

6786-516: The video display. Several methods are used: Composite sync is common in the European SCART connection scheme (using pins 17 [ground] and 19 [composite-out] or 20 [composite-in]). RGBS requires four wires – red, green, blue and sync. If separate cables are used, the sync cable is usually colored yellow (as is the standard for composite video) or white. Separate sync is most common with VGA , used worldwide for analog computer monitors . This

6873-426: The walls of tombs or on papyrus, Egyptian artists used finely ground malachite , mined in the west Sinai and the eastern desert; a paintbox with malachite pigment was found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun . They also used less expensive green earth pigment, or mixed yellow ochre and blue azurite . To dye fabrics green, they first colored them yellow with dye made from saffron and then soaked them in blue dye from

6960-433: The wavelengths that appear green to the human eye, so light reflected by plants is enriched in green. Chlorophyll absorbs green light poorly because it first arose in organisms living in oceans where purple halobacteria were already exploiting photosynthesis. Their purple color arose because they extracted energy in the green portion of the spectrum using bacteriorhodopsin . The new organisms that then later came to dominate

7047-487: The word aoi . Vietnamese uses a single word for both blue and green, xanh , with variants such as xanh da trời (azure, lit. "sky blue"), lam (blue), and lục (green; also xanh lá cây , lit. "leaf green"). "Green" in modern European languages corresponds to about 520–570 nm, but many historical and non-European languages make other choices, e.g. using a term for the range of ca. 450–530 nm ("blue/green") and another for ca. 530–590 nm ("green/yellow"). In

7134-430: Was toxic . Leonardo da Vinci , in his treatise on painting, warned artists not to use it. It was widely used in miniature paintings in Europe and Persia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Its use largely ended in the late 19th century, when it was replaced by the safer and more stable chrome green . Viridian, as described above, was patented in 1859. It became popular with painters, since, unlike other synthetic greens, it

7221-629: Was a new synthetic green created by a chemist named Pannetier in Paris in about 1835. Emerald green was a synthetic deep green made in the 19th century by hydrating chrome oxide. It was also known as Guignet green. There is no natural source for green food colorings which has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration . Chlorophyll, the E numbers E140 and E141, is the most common green chemical found in nature, and only allowed in certain medicines and cosmetic materials. Quinoline Yellow (E104)

7308-461: Was crushed, washed to remove impurities, then powdered. It was sometimes called Green of Verona. Mixtures of oxidized cobalt and zinc were also used to create green paints as early as the 18th century. Cobalt green , sometimes known as Rinman's green or zinc green, is a translucent green pigment made by heating a mixture of cobalt (II) oxide and zinc oxide. Sven Rinman , a Swedish chemist, discovered this compound in 1780. Green chrome oxide

7395-700: Was stable and not toxic. Vincent van Gogh used it, along with Prussian blue , to create a dark blue sky with a greenish tint in his painting Café Terrace at Night . Green earth is a natural pigment used since the time of the Roman Empire . It is composed of clay colored by iron oxide , magnesium , aluminum silicate , or potassium . Large deposits were found in the South of France near Nice , and in Italy around Verona , on Cyprus , and in Bohemia . The clay

7482-542: Was used. Typical formats are 480i (480 lines visible, 525 full for NTSC) and 576i (576 lines visible, 625 full for PAL). For personal computer displays the 15 pin DIN connector (IBM VGA) provided screen resolutions including 640×480, 800×600, 1024×768, 1152×864, 1280×1024. The various RGB (red, green, blue) analog component video standards (e.g., RGBS, RGBHV, RGsB) use no compression and impose no real limit on color depth or resolution, but require large bandwidth to carry

7569-429: Was worn by both the living and the dead, particularly around the eyes, to protect them from evil. Tombs also often contained small green amulets in the shape of scarab beetles made of malachite, which would protect and give vigor to the deceased. It also symbolized the sea, which was called the "Very Green". In Ancient Greece, green and blue were sometimes considered the same color, and the same word sometimes described

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