105-502: You Can Play is a social activism campaign that aims to eliminate homophobia in sports, based on the slogan, "If you can play, you can play." The campaign was launched on March 4, 2012, by three co-founders: Patrick Burke (a scout for the Philadelphia Flyers and son of Brian Burke ), Brian Kitts, and Glenn Witman (both affiliated with GForce Sports). The death of Brendan Burke , son of Brian and brother of Patrick, played
210-557: A You Can Play ambassador. In June 2019, Kurtis Gabriel became the first NHL player to play a game while using Pride Tape, which was usually saved only for warmups. Several American Hockey League teams have created videos for You Can Play and/or taken the You Can Play Pledge, a pledge to support the campaign's principles signed by the entire organization. These teams include: A number of colleges and universities from across North America and Canada have contributed videos to
315-536: A You Can Play video wherein James Duthie , Darren Dreger , Pierre LeBrun, and Bob McKenzie promised to cover LGBT athletes without sensationalizing their sexual orientations. Akil Patterson, a former University of Maryland athlete and aspiring Olympian in Greco-Roman wrestling, contributed a video to the project, talking in detail about his struggles with addiction and his own sexuality. Jon Cornish of
420-1211: A controlled study of 64 heterosexual men (half said they were homophobic by experience, with self-reported orientation) at the University of Georgia found that men who were found to be homophobic (as measured by the Index of Homophobia) were considerably more likely to experience more erectile responses when exposed to homoerotic images than non-homophobic men. Weinstein and colleagues arrived at similar results when researchers found that students who came from controlling and homophobic homes were most likely to reveal repressed homosexual attraction. The researchers said that this explained why some religious leaders who denounce homosexuality are later revealed to have secret homosexual relations. One co-author said, "In many cases these are people who are at war with themselves and they are turning this internal conflict outward." A 2016 eye-tracking study showed that heterosexual men with high negative impulse reactions toward homosexuals gazed for longer periods at homosexual imagery than other heterosexual men. According to Cheval et al. (2016), these findings reinforce
525-574: A country that has embraced science and rationalism, the DPRK recognizes that many individuals are born with homosexuality as a genetic trait and treats them with due respect. Homosexuals in the DPRK have never been subject to repression, as in many capitalist regimes around the world." Robert Mugabe , the former president of Zimbabwe, waged a violent campaign against LGBT people , arguing that before colonisation, Zimbabweans did not engage in homosexual acts. His first major public condemnation of homosexuality
630-604: A crime under Sharia Law and treated as such in most Muslim countries. In Afghanistan, for instance, homosexuality carried the death penalty under the Taliban . After their fall, homosexuality was reduced from a capital crime to one that is punished with fines and prison sentences. After the revolution of 1979 in Iran and the establishment of a new government based on Islamic Sharia, the pressure and punishment against LGBT people has expanded in this country. The legal situation in
735-727: A crime. Since 1994, the United Nations Human Rights Committee has also ruled that such laws violated the right to privacy guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights . In 2008, the Roman Catholic Church issued a statement which "urges States to do away with criminal penalties against [homosexual persons]." The statement, however,
840-547: A higher rate of suicide among LGBT youth (up to 30 percent of non-heterosexual youth attempt suicide) has been attributed to this phenomenon. Psychotherapy, such as gay affirmative psychotherapy , and participation in a sexual-minority affirming group can help resolve the internal conflicts, such as between religious beliefs and sexual identity. Even informal therapies that address understanding and accepting of non-heterosexual orientations can prove effective. Many diagnostic "Internalized Homophobia Scales" can be used to measure
945-478: A mask with a gay pride flag painted on the back as a sign that ice hockey welcomes diversity, drawing praise from Wade Davis for "taking a risk on multiple fronts and standing up for something that he believes in, knowing the backlash that could come his way." On February 2, 2017, the NHL and its partners announced as part of Hockey is for Everyone month that each of its 30 member teams will have one player designated as
1050-529: A negative economic impact for the countries where it is widespread. In these countries there is a flight of their LGBT populations—with the consequent loss of talent—as well as an avoidance of LGBT tourism , that leaves the pink money in LGBT-friendlier countries. As an example, LGBT tourists contribute 6.8 billion dollars every year to the Spanish economy . As soon as 2005, an editorial from
1155-404: A negative email, or to read a damning article, or to hear a snide comment at a game. I waited, and I waited, and I waited ... and I got what I should have expected the entire time: love, support, and admiration." He talks of letters and emails that poured in to his family, and he also talks of fellow scouts and hockey personnel pulling him aside and giving their support. He summarizes his feelings in
SECTION 10
#17327976976781260-419: A person feels the need to promote or conform to cultural expectations of heteronormativity or heterosexism . This can include repression and denial coupled with forced outward displays of heteronormative behavior for the purpose of appearing or attempting to feel "normal" or "accepted". Other expressions of internalized homophobia can also be subtle. Some less overt behaviors may include making assumptions about
1365-557: A person's discomfort with their sexuality and some can be used by people regardless of gender or sexual orientation. Critics of the scales note that they presume a discomfort with non-heterosexuality which in itself enforces heternormativity. The fear of being identified as gay can be considered as a form of social homophobia. Theorists including Calvin Thomas and Judith Butler have suggested that homophobia can be rooted in an individual's fear of being identified as gay. Homophobia in men
1470-571: A personality profile to describe the psychological aversion to homosexuality. Weinberg also used it this way in his 1972 book Society and the Healthy Homosexual , published one year before the American Psychiatric Association voted to remove homosexuality from its list of mental disorders . Weinberg's term became an important tool for gay and lesbian activists, advocates, and their allies. He describes
1575-796: A question about whether the NHL is ready to accept gay players, he said, "Before we started, we went to the NHL and said, 'Does this have your support?' and Gary Bettman was like, 'Absolutely.' He knew Brendan, and he was like, 'Absolutely, that day can't come soon enough.'" On April 11, 2013, the NHL and NHLPA announced an official partnership with You Can Play, including a commitment to educate prospects on LGBT issues and provide avenues for players to seek confidential counseling related to sexual orientation. Landeskog's support in January 2014 made history because it meant that each National Hockey League team had at least one player supporting The You Can Play Project. In December 2016, Anders Nilsson began wearing
1680-503: A significant role in inspiring the campaign. Notably, "You Can Play" is an official partner of the National Hockey League , with Wade Davis serving as the former executive director of the organization. Presently, Wade Davis holds the position of Director of Professional Sports. Prior to his death, Brendan Burke was renowned for his dedicated efforts to combat homophobia within the hockey community. Brendan served as
1785-437: A sincere desire for inclusivity in sports. Brian and Patrick continued to combat homophobia in the NHL after Brendan's death; Patrick, along with Brian Kitts and Glenn Witman, founded You Can Play as a tribute to his brother. The name You Can Play originates from a piece Patrick Burke wrote for outsports.com. In the piece, Patrick talks about the overwhelmingly positive experience surrounding Brendan's coming out: "I waited to get
1890-414: A specified thing." Homophobia manifests in different forms, and a number of different types have been postulated, among which are internalized homophobia, social homophobia, emotional homophobia, rationalized homophobia, and others. There were also ideas to classify homophobia and other types of bigotry as intolerant personality disorder . In 1992, the American Psychiatric Association , recognizing
1995-627: A stir given the controversial status of LGBT rights in Russia , the host country, that prevented gay propaganda from being spread, and threatened jail time and punishment for those who disobeyed the law. You Can Play sought out many options aimed at protesting the Games, but none were viable options because of the fine line "between advocating" for the LGBT community, "and exploiting" it. Instead they worked with groups who would not only be able to do work during
2100-618: A student manager for the Miami University RedHawks hockey team and gained significant recognition when he publicly came out as a gay man in 2009. His coming-out story was shared through an article written by John Buccigross and published on ESPN.com. Brendan and his father, Brian, appeared together on the Canadian channel TSN during a nationally televised hockey game intermission, where they openly discussed Brendan's sexuality and his father's acceptance of him. During
2205-691: A threat to an individual's own same-sex impulses, whether those impulses are imminent or merely hypothetical. This threat causes repression, denial or reaction formation . Homophobia is not evenly distributed throughout society, but is more or less pronounced according to ethnicity , age, geographic location, race, sex, social class, education, partisan identification and religion. According to UK HIV/AIDS charity AVERT , religious views, lack of homosexual feelings or experiences, and lack of interaction with gay people are strongly associated with such views. The anxiety of heterosexual individuals (particularly adolescents whose construction of heterosexual masculinity
SECTION 20
#17327976976782310-422: A tradition of secrecy. In some regions, gay people have been persecuted and murdered by Islamist militias, such as Al-Nusra Front and ISIL in parts of Iraq and Syria. State-sponsored homophobia includes the criminalization and penalization of homosexuality, hate speech from government figures, and other forms of discrimination, violence, persecution of LGBT people. In medieval Europe , homosexuality
2415-587: A video to the project, in which he talked about the need to be welcoming to everyone and that homophobic language has no place in sports or music. The duo's song " Same Love " was about the subject of homosexuality and gay rights, and was a success on charts around the world. In December 2014, the You Can Play foundation and Egale Canada partnered with the Canadian Olympic Committee in a new program to combat homophobia in sports within
2520-690: A worldwide economic cost of $ 119.1 billion. Economical loss in Asia was 88.29 billion dollars due to homophobia, and in Latin America & the Caribbean it was 8.04 billion dollars. Economical cost in East Asia and Middle Asia was 10.85 billion dollars. Economical cost in Middle East and North Africa was 16.92 billion dollars. The researcher suggested that a 1% decrease in
2625-524: Is a blend of (1) the word homo sexual , itself a mix of neo-classical morphemes , and (2) phobia from the Greek φόβος , phóbos, meaning "fear", "morbid fear" or "aversion". Weinberg is credited as the first person to have used the term in speech. The word homophobia first appeared in print in an article written for the 23 May 1969 edition of the American pornographic magazine Screw , in which
2730-536: Is a condition characterized by having a sexual orientation or an attraction that is at odds with one's idealized self-image , causing anxiety and a desire to change one's orientation or become more comfortable with one's sexual orientation. Such a situation may cause extreme repression of homosexual desires. In other cases, a conscious internal struggle may occur for some time, often pitting deeply held religious or social beliefs against strong sexual and emotional desires. This discordance can cause clinical depression, and
2835-422: Is about 1% of its GDP. Taking into account that in 2015 homosexuality is still illegal in 36 of the 54 African countries, the money loss due to homophobia in the continent could amount to hundreds of millions of dollars every year. Another study regarding socioecological measurement of homophobia and its public health impact for 158 countries was conducted in 2018. It found that the prejudice against gay people has
2940-542: Is also very common in schools in the United Kingdom. At least 445 LGBT Brazilians were either murdered or committed suicide in 2017. In some cases, the works of authors who merely have the word "Gay" in their name ( Gay Talese , Peter Gay ) or works about things also contain the name ( Enola Gay ) have been destroyed because of a perceived pro-homosexual bias. In the United States, attitudes vary on
3045-489: Is based in part on not being seen as gay) that others may identify them as gay has also been identified by Michael Kimmel as an example of homophobia. The taunting of boys seen as eccentric (and who are not usually gay) is said to be endemic in rural and suburban American schools , and has been associated with risk-taking behavior and outbursts of violence (such as a spate of school shootings ) by boys seeking revenge or trying to assert their masculinity. Homophobic bullying
3150-636: Is committed to providing a safe environment where everyone is treated equally, and with dignity and respect." On December 20, 2012, You Can Play announced an official partnership with the Canadian Women's Hockey League . In a statement, Patrick Burke said, "LGBT female athletes face a different set of problems than male athletes, but those problems are no less serious. This partnership will encourage both LGBT athletes and their numerous straight allies to speak up for each other, without fear of recrimination from teammates, coaches, fans, or sponsors." The CWHL
3255-399: Is correlated with insecurity about masculinity. For this reason, homophobia is allegedly rampant in sports, and in the subculture of its supporters that is considered stereotypically male, such as association football and rugby . Nancy J. Chodorow states that homophobia can be viewed as a method of protection of male masculinity. Various psychoanalytic theories explain homophobia as
You Can Play - Misplaced Pages Continue
3360-539: Is currently the vice president of player development and operations at Angel City FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), of which she is also a minority owner. As a player, Hucles Mangano played as a midfielder and was a member of the United States women's national soccer team . Hucles' parents are academics Janis Sanchez-Hucles and Michael Hucles and attended Norfolk Academy where she
3465-462: Is illegal in 74 countries. The North Korean government condemns Western gay culture as a vice caused by the decadence of a capitalist society , and it denounces it as promoting consumerism , classism , and promiscuity. In North Korea, "violating the rules of collective socialist life" can be punished with up to two years' imprisonment. However, according to the North Korean government, "As
3570-463: Is like racism and anti-Semitism and other forms of bigotry in that it seeks to dehumanize a large group of people, to deny their humanity, their dignity and personhood." One study of white adolescent males conducted at the University of Cincinnati by Janet Baker has been used to argue that negative feelings towards gay people are also associated with other discriminatory behaviors. According to
3675-457: Is observable in critical and hostile behavior such as discrimination and violence on the basis of sexual orientations that are non-heterosexual . Recognized types of homophobia include institutionalized homophobia, e.g. religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia, and internalized homophobia, experienced by people who have same-sex attractions, regardless of how they identify. According to 2010 Hate Crimes Statistics released by
3780-511: Is opposed by a number of conservative evangelicals, including Robert A. J. Gagnon . The official teaching of the Catholic Church regarding homosexuality is that same-sex behavior should not be expressed. In the United States, a February 2012 Pew Research Center poll shows that Catholics support gay marriage by a margin of 52% to 37%. That is a shift upwards from 2010, when 46% of Catholics favored gay marriage. The Catechism of
3885-518: Is still Virginia's career women's leader in goals, game-winning goals, and total points. After graduating from Virginia in 2000, Hucles played for Hampton Roads Piranhas of the W-League . She led the league in assists with seven, playing in 14 games and scoring six goals. Hucles was then drafted in the 2001 WUSA Inaugural Draft in the 12th round (93rd overall) by the Boston Breakers of
3990-610: Is the International Day Against Homophobia (or IDAHO), first celebrated 17 May 2005, in related activities in more than 40 countries. The four largest countries of Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia) developed mass media campaigns against homophobia since 2002. In addition to public expression, legislation has been designed, controversially, to oppose homophobia, as in hate speech , hate crime , and laws against discrimination on
4095-729: Is the first league to partner with You Can Play. In February 2013 the Colorado Mammoth became the first National Lacrosse League team to support You Can Play. Later that year the Denver Outlaws joined the Mammoth in becoming the second NLL team to support the project. In February 2019, the Toronto Rock held their first Pride Night in support of You Can Play. In March 2013 the San Francisco Bulls of
4200-744: The New York Times related the politics of don't ask, don't tell in the US Army with the lack of translators from Arabic, and with the delay in the translation of Arabic documents, calculated to be about 120,000 hours at the time. Since 1998, with the introduction of the new policy, about 20 Arabic translators had been expelled from the Army, specifically during the years the US was involved in wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . M. V. Lee Badgett, an economist at
4305-503: The 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup , she was a member of the USA squad but did not get any playing time. However, her biggest role with the United States came in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . Hucles was expected to play a backup role with the squad, but an injury to Abby Wambach forced Hucles into a starting position. She responded by scoring four goals, including two against Japan in
You Can Play - Misplaced Pages Continue
4410-485: The Calgary Stampeders received media attention in 2012 when, after a practice during Grey Cup week, he revealed to reporters that his mother was a lesbian. His open admission of his mother's sexual orientation was part of a growing trend of acceptance of homosexuality and gave him "a seat at the head table of the You Can Play movement." Then, in late 2013, Cornish released his own 15-second video of support for
4515-495: The ECHL became the first team in that league to partner with the You Can Play project. In June 2013 Seattle Reign FC of the National Women's Soccer League published a video in support of the project, becoming "the first professional women's team in the United States to speak on behalf of You Can Play." The Denver Nuggets became the first National Basketball Association team to partner with You Can Play in January 2014. One of
4620-571: The General Synod of the Church of England voted to refuse to condemn homosexuality. However, when taken literally, homophobia may be a problematic term. Professor David A. F. Haaga says that contemporary usage includes "a wide range of negative emotions , attitudes and behaviours toward homosexual people," which are characteristics that are not consistent with accepted definitions of phobias, that of "an intense, illogical, or abnormal fear of
4725-692: The Montreal Canadiens during the off-season, Shaw volunteered to be the team's ambassador to You Can Play as "a leader in the locker room and in the community on diversity, equality and inclusion." The announcement was met by skepticism by some. Homophobia Homophobia encompasses a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who identify or are perceived as being lesbian , gay or bisexual . It has been defined as contempt, prejudice, aversion, hatred, or antipathy , may be based on irrational fear and may sometimes be attributed to religious beliefs. Homophobia
4830-494: The San Francisco 49ers responded as follows to an interview question about whether he had any gay teammates: "We don't have any gay guys on the team ... They gotta get up outta here if they do. Can't be with that sweet stuff." You Can Play, GLAAD , and Athlete Ally released a joint statement condemning these views. Culliver subsequently apologized and pledged to grow from the experience. The 2014 Winter Olympics caused
4935-553: The St. Louis Blues , Andrew Shaw was penalized for interference with 2:04 remaining in the third period while the Blackhawks down by a goal. He was recorded using an anti-gay slur during a tirade in the penalty box, and the recording circulated widely on social media. As a result, the NHL suspended him for Game 5, fined him $ 5,000 for related hand gestures, and ordered him to undergo sensitivity training. The following day Shaw apologized to
5040-563: The University of Massachusetts Amherst , presented in March 2014 in a meeting of the World Bank the results of a study about the economic impact of homophobia in India. Only in health expenses, caused by depression, suicide, and HIV treatment, India would have spent additional 23,100 million dollars due to homophobia. On top, there would be costs caused by violence, workplace loss, rejection of
5145-454: The Women's Sports Foundation President , effective January 1, 2015 to January 2017. She has become a regular speaker on topics of sports leadership, equality, inclusion and safe spaces, anti-bullying, and the power of sport and its impact on personal growth and development. She is a member of the advisory board for You Can Play , a campaign dedicated to fighting homophobia in sports. Hucles ran
5250-596: The 2003 season, the WUSA ceased operations. Hucles returned to a club in 2005 when she turned out for the Boston Renegades . She only appeared in five games in 2005 but notched three goals and an assist. In 2006, Hucles had a much more productive season, appearing in 11 games and tallying 10 goals and two assists. In 2008, Women's Professional Soccer was established. Hucles, along with US National Team players Kristine Lilly and Heather Mitts , were allocated to
5355-469: The 8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity ( c. 600 AD ) – have been termed homophobia by scholars, and it is used to describe an intolerance towards homosexuality and homosexuals that grew during the Middle Ages, especially by adherents of Islam and Christianity, the term itself is relatively new. Coined by George Weinberg , a psychologist, in the 1960s, the term homophobia
SECTION 50
#17327976976785460-644: The Bible. Leviticus 18:22 says "Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination." The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is also commonly seen as a condemnation of homosexuality. Christians and Jews who oppose homosexuality may often cite such passages; the historical context and interpretation of which is more complicated. Scholarly debate over the interpretation of these passages has tended to focus on placing them in proper historical context, for instance pointing out that Sodom's sins are historically interpreted as being other than homosexuality, and on
5565-464: The Catholic Church states that, " 'homosexual acts are intrinsically disordered.'...They are contrary to the natural law.... Under no circumstances can they be approved." In some cases, the distinction between religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia is not clear, a key example being territories under Islamic authority. All major Islamic sects forbid homosexuality , which is
5670-570: The FBI National Press Office, 19.3 percent of hate crimes across the United States "were motivated by a sexual orientation bias." Moreover, in a Southern Poverty Law Center 2010 Intelligence Report extrapolating data from FBI national hate crime statistics from 1995 to 2008, found that LGBT people were "far more likely than any other minority group in the United States to be victimized by violent hate crime." Although sexual attitudes tracing back to Ancient Greece – from
5775-591: The Grand Rapids Griffins/Detroit Red Wings, sports psychologist Dana Sinclair, AEG Vice President Kelly Staley, professional soccer player David Testo , Chicago Blackhawks forward Tommy Wingels , and Golden State Warriors president Rick Welts . In February 2013, the Advisory Board added transgender activist and baseball analyst Christina Kahrl and former NFL players Wade Davis and Esera Tuaolo . Miele and Wingels were
5880-499: The NHL would see a current player come out within the next two years. The You Can Play website promotes an initiative called the "Captain's Challenge," encouraging team captains from various sports, no matter the level of competition, to sign a form in support of You Can Play and its message. The challenge reads: As a team captain, I pledge to respect the talents and work of all my teammates. I will encourage my teammates to speak up for each other when confronted with slurs of any sort in
5985-704: The Olympic committee's mandate. Since You Can Play has gained widespread support and recognition by North American professional leagues, they have been called to comment on challenging instances of homophobia involving professional athletes. In July 2012, Cam Janssen of the New Jersey Devils appeared on an internet radio talk show, making several derogatory and threatening jokes involving women, gay-bashing, and his role on his team as an enforcer . After speaking with Patrick Burke, Janssen apologized for his comments and expressed his support for You Can Play, and
6090-490: The Olympics, but continue to do work once the Games finished. Another decision You Can Play made was to partner with Grantland , which was not without controversy. Grantland was criticized after it ran an article revealing the transsexual background of a doctor without her consent, which needed two follow up pieces from the editor-in-chief as well as a contributor, who is also on the board of directors of GLAAD, to explain why
6195-609: The United Arab Emirates, however, is unclear. In 2009, the International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA) published a report entitled State Sponsored Homophobia 2009 , which is based on research carried out by Daniel Ottosson at Södertörn University College, Stockholm, Sweden. This research found that of the 80 countries around the world that continue to consider homosexuality illegal: In 2001, Al-Muhajiroun , an international organization seeking
6300-501: The United States on April 27, 2002, against Finland . She went on to appear in 109 total matches for the United States, with her last appearance on July 22, 2009, against Canada . Hucles was a member of the U.S. squad at the 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup but did not play in the tournament due to a shin injury. She was a member of the gold medal-winning United States team for the 2004 Summer Olympics , appearing in two games in Athens . At
6405-623: The basis of partisan identification. Republicans are far more likely than Democrats to have negative attitudes about gays and lesbians, according to surveys conducted by the National Election Studies from 2000 through 2004. Homophobia also varies by region; statistics show that the Southern United States has more reports of anti-gay prejudice than any other region in the US. In a 1998 address, civil rights leader Coretta Scott King stated, "Homophobia
SECTION 60
#17327976976786510-436: The basis of sexual orientation. Successful preventative strategies against homophobic prejudice and bullying in schools have included teaching pupils about historical figures who were gay, or who suffered discrimination because of their sexuality. Angela Hucles Angela Khalia Hucles Mangano ( née Hucles ; born July 5, 1978) is an American sports executive and former professional soccer player. Hucles Mangano
6615-593: The campaign released a statement saying they believe Janssen's apology to be sincere. On September 15, 2012, Yunel Escobar , then a shortstop for the Toronto Blue Jays , played a game with a homophobic slur written in Spanish across his eye black. In response, the Blue Jays suspended their player for three games. Twelve days later, Yunel sat down with Patrick Burke and LGBT athlete Jose Estevez to discuss
6720-598: The campaign. This list includes: In March 2012, the Soo Greyhounds of the Ontario Hockey League became the first Major Junior team to contribute to the You Can Play project. On October 12, 2012, You Can Play published a video from DC United of Major League Soccer . This was the campaign's first public service announcement from a professional sports league outside of the NHL, as well as the first outside of hockey. Two months later Toronto FC became
6825-454: The concept as a medical phobia : [A] phobia about homosexuals.... It was a fear of homosexuals which seemed to be associated with a fear of contagion, a fear of reducing the things one fought for — home and family. It was a religious fear and it had led to great brutality as fear always does. In 1981, homophobia was used for the first time in The Times (of London) to report that
6930-446: The encouragement of the ruling Law and Justice party. Since 2006, under Vladimir Putin , regions in Russia have enacted varying laws restricting the distribution of materials promoting LGBT relationships to minors. In June 2013, a federal law criminalizing the distribution of materials among minors in support of non-traditional sexual relationships was enacted as an amendment to an existing child protection law . The law resulted in
7035-458: The establishment of a global Islamic caliphate , issued a fatwa declaring that all members of The Al-Fatiha Foundation (which advances the cause of gay, lesbian, and transgender Muslims) were murtadd , or apostates , and condemning them to death. Because of the threat and because they come from conservative societies, many members of the foundation's site still prefer to be anonymous so as to protect their identities while they are continuing
7140-706: The eventual founding and launch of You Can Play. On March 4, 2012, the You Can Play Project released a video called "The Faceoff". In it, Patrick Burke and Brian Burke introduced the You Can Play Project, stating that their aim is to "carry on [Brendan's] legacy, and ensure that LGBT athletes around the world are afforded equal opportunity; judged only by their talent, character, and work ethic in their sport." The video features appearances from prominent NHL players Rick Nash , Duncan Keith , Claude Giroux , Matt Moulson , Daniel Alfredsson , Corey Perry , Henrik Lundqvist , and other popular NHL players. The video
7245-541: The family, and bullying at school, that would result in a lower education level, lower productivity, lower wages, worse health, and a lower life expectancy among the LGBT population. In total, she estimated for 2014 in India a loss of up to 30,800 million dollars, or 1.7% of the Indian GDP. The LGBT activist Adebisi Alimi, in a preliminary estimation, has calculated that the economic loss due to homophobia in Nigeria
7350-593: The founding donors of You Can Play. On August 20, 2013, Patrick Burke stepped aside as the main voice of You Can Play and named Wade Davis executive director of the organization. Burke remained with the organization in a less public role until March 2017, when he stepped down from the organization completely. In September 2016, Chris Mosier joined the organization as Vice President of Program Development and Community Relations and Wade Davis moved from Executive Director to Director of Professional Sports. You Can Play aims to rid professional sports of "casual homophobia" in
7455-491: The gay and lesbian community saying "That's not the type of guy I am" and that "I have no excuses for ..." getting caught up in the heat of the competition. After the press conference, Shaw personally apologized to Chicago Tribune reporter Chris Hine, who is gay. Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews, who had previously recorded a You Can Play video, said the incident was a learning experience for Shaw. After being traded to
7560-416: The gender of a person's romantic partner, or about gender roles. Some researchers also apply this label to LGBT people who support "compromise" policies, such as those that find civil unions acceptable in place of same-sex marriage . Researcher Iain R. Williamson finds the term homophobia to be "highly problematic," but for reasons of continuity and consistency with the majority of other publications on
7665-430: The incident. Patrick Burke left the meeting feeling confident in the interaction between Yunel and Jose. He is quoted as saying: "I thought the meeting was very productive. Yunel seemed genuinely interested in what Jose had to say, and appeared to really take it to heart. I think Jose did a tremendous job of making Yunel fully grasp the implications behind his actions." Just prior to the 2013 Super Bowl, Chris Culliver of
7770-416: The interview, Brendan said, "I think it's important my story is told to people because there are a lot of gay athletes out there and gay people working in pro sports that deserve to know there are safe environments where people are supportive regardless of your sexual orientation." Brendan died on February 5, 2010, in a car accident. He was only 21 years old, leaving behind a legacy of bravery, advocacy, and
7875-581: The issue retains its use rather than using more accurate but obscure terminology. The phrase internalized sexual stigma is sometimes used in place to represent internalized homophobia. An internalized stigma arises when a person believes negative stereotypes about themselves, regardless of where the stereotypes come from. It can also refer to many stereotypes beyond sexuality and gender roles . Internalized homophobia can cause discomfort with and disapproval of one's own sexual orientation . Ego-dystonic sexual orientation or egodystonic homophobia, for instance,
7980-958: The late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China due to interactions with the Christian West, and homosexual behavior was outlawed in 1740. During the Cultural Revolution , homosexuality was treated by the government as a "social disgrace or a form of mental illness", and individuals who were homosexual widely faced persecution. Although there were no laws specifically against homosexuality, other laws were used to prosecute homosexual people and they were "charged with hooliganism or disturbing public order." The Soviet Union under Vladimir Lenin decriminalized homosexuality in 1922, long before many other European countries. The Soviet Communist Party effectively legalized no-fault divorce, abortion and homosexuality, when they abolished all
8085-411: The level of homophobia is correlated with a 10% increase in the gross domestic product per capita – though this does not imply causation. A 2018 study by The Williams Institute ( UCLA School of Law) concludes that there is a positive correlation between LGBT inclusion and GDP per capita . According to this study, the legal rights of LGBT people have a bigger influence than the degree of acceptance in
8190-619: The locker room or on the playing field. And I'll start discussions that promote the acceptance of all of my teammates in order to build trust and a winning ethic. You Can Play intends to release a playbook about casual homophobia as a resource for athletes and sports officials to help ensure safety for LGBT people in their communities. The following NHL players and personnel have publicly endorsed You Can Play and/or acceptance of gay players in professional hockey: Brian Burke appeared on TVOntario in July 2012 to talk about You Can Play. In response to
8295-450: The locker room. Their approach emphasizes education rather than punishment or blame. The You Can Play mission statement reads as follows: You Can Play is dedicated to ensuring equality, respect and safety for all athletes, without regard to sexual orientation and/or gender identity. You Can Play works to guarantee that athletes are given a fair opportunity to compete, judged by other athletes and fans alike, only by what they contribute to
8400-475: The most long-lasting and difficult forms of discrimination to combat. To combat homophobia, the LGBT community uses events such as gay pride parades and political activism ( See gay pride ). Cities across the word use crossings repainted in rainbow colors for their annual pride parades. The first permanent crossings have been put on roads in Lambeth, England . One form of organized resistance to homophobia
8505-652: The necessity to consider that homophobia might reflect concerns about sexuality in general and not homosexuality in particular. In contrast, Jesse Marczyk argued in Psychology Today that homophobia is not necessarily repressed homosexuality. The effect of these ideas depends on how much and which they have consciously and subconsciously internalized. These negative beliefs can be mitigated with education, life experience, and therapy, especially with gay-friendly psychotherapy/analysis. Internalized homophobia also applies to conscious or unconscious behaviors which
8610-538: The new Boston Breakers on September 16, 2006. The league kicked off in 2009, which saw Hucles appear in 19 games, all starts, and score two goals and an assist. Following the conclusion of the season, on October 16, 2009, Hucles abruptly announced her retirement from both club and international soccer. With the United States Women's National Team , Hucles won two Olympic gold medals and finished third in two World Cups . She made her first appearance for
8715-647: The newly formed Women's United Soccer Association . She went on to make 57 total appearances for the club, scoring six goals. She scored the first goal in the history of the organization on March 6, 2001, in a preseason exhibition against the Duke Blue Devils . In her first season, Hucles appeared in 21 games, starting 19 of them, and finished with two goals and no assists. In 2002, Hucles appeared in 19 games, starting 17, and finished with three goals and four assists. In 2003, Hucles appeared in 17 games, all starts, and scored one goal and assisted on four more. After
8820-597: The numerous arrests of Russian LGBT citizens. In 2023 the Russian Supreme Court declared that the international LGBT rights movement is an extremist organization. Internalized homophobia refers to negative stereotypes, beliefs, stigma, and prejudice about homosexuality and LGBTQ people that a person with same-sex attraction turns inward on themselves, whether or not they identify as LGBT. Some studies have shown that people who are homophobic are more likely to have repressed homosexual desires. In 1996,
8925-511: The old Tsarist laws and the initial Soviet criminal code kept these liberal sexual policies in place. Lenin's emancipation was reversed a decade later by Joseph Stalin and homosexuality remained illegal under Article 121 until the Yeltsin era. In Nazi Germany , gay men were persecuted and approximately five to fifteen thousand were imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps . Homosexuality
9030-579: The power of the stigma against homosexuality, issued the following statement, reaffirmed by the Board of Trustees, July 2011: Whereas homosexuality per se implies no impairment in judgment, stability, reliability, or general social or vocational capabilities, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) calls on all international health organizations, psychiatric organizations, and individual psychiatrists in other countries to urge
9135-492: The project, in which he said he "is proud to support LGBT athletes everywhere." The band Fun joined the list of celebrity supporters when its video was published in November 2013. Each member of the band discussed his respective aspirations to be an athlete if he was not in the music industry, and stressed the fact that together the group "make[s] music for everyone." Rapper Macklemore of Macklemore & Ryan Lewis added
9240-747: The repeal in their own countries of legislation that penalizes homosexual acts by consenting adults in private. Further, APA calls on these organizations and individuals to do all that is possible to decrease the stigma related to homosexuality wherever and whenever it may occur. Some world religions contain anti-homosexual teachings, while other religions have varying degrees of ambivalence, neutrality, or incorporate teachings that regard homosexuals as third gender . Even within some religions which generally discourage homosexuality, there may also be people who view homosexuality positively, and some religious denominations bless or conduct same-sex marriages . There also exist so-called Queer religions , dedicated to serving
9345-427: The revelation that across the hockey world, what matters is whether or not you can play. "If you can play, we welcome you." The quote was adapted to the catchier "If you can play, you can play" by the campaign. You Can Play had its genesis in early 2011 at an event at the University of Denver , at which Glenn Witman had asked Patrick to be a guest speaker. Witman also invited Brian, and their casual conversations led to
9450-502: The second MLS team, and the first Canadian soccer team, to support You Can Play. The following year, in 2013, Major League Soccer and the Major League Soccer Players Union partnered with You Can Play. "The diversity found in our league has always been a point of pride for us," said MLS Commissioner Don Garber. "We are proud to partner with You Can Play to ensure that all of our fans and players know that MLS
9555-652: The semi-finals. Her efforts helped the United States to the gold medal, and she finished second only to Cristiane in goals scored. On October 16, 2009, Hucles announced her retirement from both club and international soccer. In April 2014, Hucles traveled to Morocco as a SportsUnited Sports Envoy for the U.S. Department of State . In this function, she worked with Lesle Gallimore and Marian Dalmy to conduct soccer clinics and events for 104 youth from under-served areas. In so doing, Hucles helped contribute to SportsUnited's mission to promote greater international understanding and inclusion through sport. Hucles served as
9660-484: The society, but both effects reinforce each other. A one-point increase in their LGBT Global Acceptance Index (GAI) showed an increase of $ 1,506 in GDP per capita, and one additional legal right was correlated with an increase of $ 1,694 in GDP per capita. Most international human rights organizations, such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International , condemn laws that make homosexual relations between consenting adults
9765-455: The spiritual needs of LGBTQI persons. Queer theology seeks to provide a counterpoint to religious homophobia. In 2015, attorney and author Roberta Kaplan stated that Kim Davis "is the clearest example of someone who wants to use a religious liberty argument to discriminate [against same-sex couples]." Passages commonly interpreted as condemning homosexuality or same-gender sexual relations are found in both Old and New Testaments of
9870-485: The sport or their team's success. You Can Play seeks to challenge the culture of locker rooms and spectator areas by focusing only on an athlete's skills, work ethic and competitive spirit. Patrick Burke has been quoted as saying, "The end goal of our project is that we're completely useless. We want the day to come when it's not a story when an athlete comes out, when athletes are only judged by how they can help their teams win." In March 2012, Burke stated that he believed
9975-537: The story was run. After discussing both internally and with supporters, however, You Can Play made the decision to remain partnered with Grantland for the duration of the Olympic Games. You Can Play's role was to provide the link between the sports perspective in the stories and the LGBT community's perspective. On April 19, 2016, during Game 4 of the Chicago Blackhawks ' first-round series against
10080-491: The study, hatred of gay people, antisemitism , and racism are "likely companions". Baker hypothesized "maybe it's a matter of power and looking down on all you think are at the bottom." A study performed in 2007 in the UK for the charity Stonewall reports that up to 90 percent of the population support anti-discrimination laws protecting gay and lesbian people. There are at least two studies which indicate that homophobia may have
10185-502: The three Nuggets players who appeared in the video, Kenneth Faried , was already "a vocal supporter of equality" before joining the You Can Play project. In June 2017, U.S. Soccer partnered with You Can Play. The U.S. Men's and Women's National Teams wore pride-inspired rainbow numbers during the June friendlies . One set of game-issued jerseys from each team was auctioned for You Can Play. In April 2012, The Sports Network released
10290-399: The translation of rare or unusual words in the passages in question. In Religion Dispatches magazine, Candace Chellew-Hodge argues that the six or so verses that are often cited to condemn LGBT people are referring instead to "abusive sex". She states that the Bible has no condemnation for "loving, committed, gay and lesbian relationships" and that Jesus was silent on the subject. This view
10395-487: The word was used to refer to heterosexual men's fear that others might think they are gay. Conceptualizing anti-LGBT prejudice as a social problem worthy of scholarly attention was not new. A 1969 article in Time described examples of negative attitudes toward homosexuality as "homophobia", including "a mixture of revulsion and apprehension" which some called homosexual panic . In 1971, Kenneth Smith used homophobia as
10500-405: Was a Parade and NSCAA All-American selection in 1995. She was twice named an All-State and All-Region selection in 1994 and 1995. She graduated in 1996 as Norfolk Academy's all-time leading scorer with 204 goals and 106 assists. Hucles played college soccer at the University of Virginia , where she was a four-year all- ACC player and tallied 59 goals, including a record 19 game-winners. She
10605-612: Was addressed to reject a resolution by the UN Assembly that would have precisely called for an end of penalties against homosexuals in the world. In March 2010, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted a recommendation on measures to combat discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity, described by CoE Secretary General as the first legal instrument in the world dealing specifically with one of
10710-586: Was considered sodomy and was punishable by death. Persecutions reached their height during the Medieval Inquisitions , when the sects of Cathars and Waldensians were accused of fornication and sodomy, alongside accusations of Satanism . In 1307, accusations of sodomy and homosexuality were major charges leveled during the Trial of the Knights Templar . The theologian Thomas Aquinas
10815-717: Was in August 1995, during the Zimbabwe International Book Fair . He told an audience: "If you see people parading themselves as lesbians and gays, arrest them and hand them over to the police!" In September 1995, Zimbabwe's parliament introduced legislation banning homosexual acts. In 1997, a court found Canaan Banana , Mugabe's predecessor and the first President of Zimbabwe, guilty of 11 counts of sodomy and indecent assault . In Poland, local towns, cities, and Voivodeship sejmiks have declared their respective regions as LGBT ideology free zone with
10920-462: Was influential in linking condemnation of homosexuality with the idea of natural law , arguing that "special sins are against nature, as, for instance, those that run counter to the intercourse of male and female natural to animals, and so are peculiarly qualified as unnatural vices." Although bisexuality was accepted as normal human behavior in Ancient China, homophobia became ingrained in
11025-598: Was uploaded to YouTube and aired during a Bruins-Rangers game. It was produced by HBO and aired originally by NBC. "The Faceoff" won the 2012 GLAAD Amplifier Award. The You Can Play Advisory Board includes Brian Burke , ESPN SportsCenter anchor John Buccigross , Miami University head hockey coach Enrico Blasi , Kraft Sports Group Vice President of Customer Marketing & Strategy Jessica Gelman, ESPN columnist LZ Granderson , Olympic soccer player Angela Hucles , Be The Change president and CEO Kevin Jennings , Andy Miele of
#677322