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69-474: Young King may refer to: Henry the Young King , the eldest son and heir apparent of King Henry II of England, crowned as King of England during his father's reign Young King (magazine) Young King (Seneca chief) See also [ edit ] The Young King by Oscar Wilde All pages with titles containing Young King Topics referred to by
138-575: A campaign in Limousin against his father and his brother Richard. He had just finished pillaging local monasteries to raise money to pay his mercenaries. He contracted dysentery at the beginning of June. Weakening fast, he was taken to Martel in Quercy . It was clear to his household that he was dying on 7 June, when he was confessed and received the last rites. As a token of his penitence for his war against his father, he prostrated himself naked on
207-525: A clandestine affair with Queen Margaret. David Crouch , one of the Marshal's principal modern biographers, argues that the charge against William was actually one of lèse-majesté , brought on by Marshal's own arrogance and greed. By this account, the charge of adultery was only introduced in the History of William Marshal as a distraction from the real charges, of which he was most probably guilty. Though
276-598: A formidable party of Anglo-Norman , Norman , Angevin , Poitevin and Breton magnates joined him. The revolt of 1173–1174 came close to toppling the king; he was narrowly saved by the loyalty of a party of nobles with holdings on the English side of the Channel and by the defeat and capture of William I , the King of Scotland . Young Henry sought a reconciliation after the capture of his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine , and
345-401: A leading role in the celebratory tournament held at Lagny-sur-Marne , to which he brought a retinue of over 500 knights at huge expense. The Young Henry's affairs took a turn for the worse in 1182. He fell out with William Marshal, the leader of his tournament mesnée . The unknown author of L'Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal suggests that Marshal's disgrace was because he had indulged in
414-498: A low-born cleric?" Many other variants have found their way into popular culture. Regardless of what Henry said, it was interpreted as a royal command. Four knights, Reginald FitzUrse , Hugh de Morville , William de Tracy and Richard le Breton , set out to confront the Archbishop of Canterbury. On 29 December 1170, they arrived at Canterbury. According to accounts by the monk Gervase of Canterbury and eyewitness Edward Grim,
483-603: A mosaic icon still visible in Monreale Cathedral in Sicily , created shortly after his death. Becket's cousins obtained refuge at the Sicilian court during their exile, and King William II of Sicily wed a daughter of Henry II. Marsala Cathedral in western Sicily is dedicated to Becket. Over 45 medieval chasse reliquaries decorated in champlevé enamel showing similar scenes from Becket's life survive, including
552-626: A number of benefices , prebends at Lincoln Cathedral and St Paul's Cathedral, and the office of Provost of Beverley . His efficiency in those posts led Theobald to recommend him to King Henry II for the vacant post of Lord Chancellor , to which Becket was appointed in January 1155. As Chancellor, Becket enforced the king's traditional sources of revenue that were exacted from all landowners, including churches and bishoprics. King Henry sent his son Henry to live in Becket's household, it being
621-411: A ring his father had sent instead as a sign of his forgiveness. After his death, his father is said to have exclaimed: "He cost me much, but I wish he had lived to cost me more." After Henry's death, there was an attempt by his mother and a faction of his friends to promote his sainthood . Thomas of Earley, Archdeacon of Wells , published a sermon not long afterward detailing miraculous events attending
690-469: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Henry the Young King Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183) was the eldest son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine to survive childhood. In 1170, he became titular King of England , Duke of Normandy , Count of Anjou and Maine . Henry the Young King was
759-538: Is in doubt and several versions were reported. The most commonly quoted, as invented in 1740 and handed down by oral tradition, is " Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? ", but according to historian Simon Schama this is incorrect: he accepts the account of the contemporary biographer Edward Grim, writing in Latin, who gives, "What miserable drones and traitors have I nourished and brought up in my household, who let their lord be treated with such shameful contempt by
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#1732765064071828-448: Is on the opposite side of the altar from the tomb of the heart of his younger brother, Richard I of England, with whom he was perpetually quarrelling. The tomb of the Archbishop of Rouen, who had married him to Margaret, lies nearby in the ambulatory. His brothers Richard and John each later became King of England. The physical appearance of Henry at his coronation in 1170 is given in a contemporary court poem written in Latin. It describes
897-459: Is said to have been created after Becket had been displeased by the taste of the local water. Two springs of clear water are said to have bubbled up after he struck the ground with his crozier . The absence of nightingales in Otford is also ascribed to Becket, who is said to have been so disturbed in his devotions by the song of a nightingale that he commanded that none sing in the town ever again. In
966-410: Is that of Grim, who was wounded in the attack. This is part of his account: ...the impious knight... suddenly set upon him and [shaved] off the summit of his crown which the sacred chrism consecrated to God... Then, with another blow received on the head, he remained firm. But with the third the stricken martyr bent his knees and elbows, offering himself as a living sacrifice, saying in a low voice, "For
1035-705: The Knights of Saint Thomas , incorporated in 1191 at Acre , and which was to be modelled on the Teutonic Knights . This was the only military order native to England (with chapters in not only Acre, but London, Kilkenny, and Nicosia), just as the Gilbertine Order was the only monastic order native to England. Henry VIII dissolved both of these during the Reformation, rather than merging them with foreign orders or nationalising them as elements of
1104-405: The King's rights or face political repercussions. King Henry II presided over assemblies of most of the higher English clergy at Clarendon Palace on 30 January 1164. In 16 constitutions he sought less clerical independence and weaker connections with Rome. He used his skills to induce their consent and apparently succeeded with all but Becket. Finally, even Becket expressed willingness to agree to
1173-689: The Lord Mayor. The Bridge House Estates seal has only a Becket image, while his martyrdom is shown on the reverse. The cult included the drinking of "water of Saint Thomas" , a mix of water and the remains of the martyr's blood miraculously multiplied. The procedure was frowned upon by the more orthodox, due to the similarities with the eucharist of the blood of Jesus . Local legends regarding Becket arose after his canonisation. Though they tend towards typical hagiography , they also display Becket's well-known gruffness. "Becket's Well", in Otford , Kent,
1242-592: The Protestant Church of England. The monks were afraid Becket's body might be stolen, and so his remains were placed beneath the floor of the eastern crypt of the cathedral. A stone cover over it had two holes where pilgrims could insert their heads and kiss the tomb, as illustrated in the "Miracle Windows" of the Trinity Chapel . A guard chamber (now the Wax Chamber) had a clear view of
1311-464: The Young King sent his wife early in 1183 to the French court, it was done most likely to keep her safe in the impending war with his brother, Richard, rather than because she was in disgrace. Margaret gave birth to a baby boy named William, who may have been born prematurely on 19 June 1177, and died only three days later. Henry the Young King died, aged 28, in the summer of 1183, during the course of
1380-506: The Young King would not be crowned until 1170. Young Henry was finally crowned on Saturday 14 June 1170 on the feast of St Basil at Westminster Abbey , in the presence of most of the Anglo-Norman nobility and the overwhelming majority of the non-vacant English bishoprics. Matthew Strickland notes that the exiled Thomas Becket had few supporters left in the upper ranks of the English church after six years of dispute with Henry II. It
1449-402: The building of Arbroath Abbey in 1178. On completion in 1197 the new foundation was dedicated to Becket, whom the king had known personally while at the English court as a young man. On 7 July 1220, the 50th jubilee year of his death, Becket's remains were moved from his first tomb to a shrine in the recently built Trinity Chapel. This translation was "one of the great symbolic events in
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#17327650640711518-545: The case, Louis was so enraged by this that he launched an immediate attack on the Norman border, forcing Henry to return to the duchy personally to oversee its defences. Mediation by Count Theobald of Blois, however, led to a meeting between the two monarchs at Vendôme and, following subsequent meetings at La Ferté and Fréteval, Henry was able to placate King Louis. Young Henry and Margaret were formally married on 27 August 1172 at Winchester Cathedral , when Henry, aged seventeen,
1587-547: The coronation of Young Henry and the pipe rolls for 1162 record the allocation of funds for the commissioning of a golden circlet. This was not to be, however; Barlow suggests that the southern prelates dissuaded King Henry II from using the papal bull as the Archbishopric of Canterbury was now occupied. This greatly upset Roger of York, who wrote to Rome asking for confirmation of his right to crown kings; while ultimately unsuccessful, Roger's delays derailed Henry's plans and
1656-514: The cortège that took his body north to Normandy. Henry had left orders that his entrails and other body parts should be buried at the abbey of Charroux , but the rest of his body should rest in Rouen Cathedral . However, during the funeral procession, a member of Henry's household was seized by his mercenary captains for debts the late king had owed them. The knights accompanying his corpse were so penniless they had to be fed by charity at
1725-461: The custom then for noble children to be fostered out to other noble houses. Becket was nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1162, several months after the death of Theobald. His election was confirmed on 23 May 1162 by a royal council of bishops and noblemen. Henry may have hoped that Becket would continue to put royal government first, rather than the church, but the famed transformation of Becket into an ascetic occurred at this time. Becket
1794-405: The failure of the rebellion. His funds were much increased by the terms of the settlement and he apparently devoted most of the next seven years to the amusement of the tournament. In November 1179, he represented his father at the coronation of Philip Augustus as associate king of France at Reims . He acted as Steward of France and carried the crown in the coronation procession. Later, he played
1863-512: The fifteen-year-old Henry was crowned king during his father's lifetime, a traditional practice of the French Capetian dynasty which held formal overlordship of Henry II 's continental domains. King Stephen had previously attempted to have his son Eustace crowned as early as 1143 but was unable to secure papal support. On the latter's death in 1153, Stephen did not even attempt to have his second son William acknowledged as heir. He
1932-423: The fifteen-year-old prince as being very handsome, "tall but well proportioned, broad-shouldered with a long and elegant neck, pale and freckled skin, bright and wide blue eyes, and a thick mop of the reddish-gold hair". Henry and Richard were "both tall in stature, rather above the middle size, and of commanding aspect. In courage and magnanimity, they were nearly equal; but in the character of their virtues, there
2001-554: The floor before a crucifix . He made a testament and, since he had taken a crusader 's vow, he gave his cloak to his friend William Marshal, with the plea that he should take the cloak (presumably with the crusader's cross-stitched to it) to the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem . On his deathbed, he reportedly asked to be reconciled to his father, but King Henry, fearing a trick, refused to see him. He died on 11 June, clasping
2070-470: The fugitive archbishop with a series of edicts , targeting Becket and all Becket's friends and supporters, but King Louis VII of France offered Becket protection. He spent nearly two years in the Cistercian abbey of Pontigny , until Henry's threats against the order obliged him to return to Sens . Becket fought back by threatening excommunication and an interdict against the king and bishops and
2139-450: The grave. In 1220, Becket's bones were moved to a new gold-plated, bejewelled shrine behind the high altar in the Trinity Chapel . The golden casket was placed on a pink marble base with prayer niches raised on three steps. Canterbury's religious history had always brought many pilgrims, and after Becket's death the numbers rapidly rose further. In Scotland, King William the Lion ordered
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2208-586: The jurisdiction of secular courts over English clergymen, which accelerated antipathy between Becket and the king. Attempts by Henry to influence other bishops against Becket began in Westminster in October 1163, where the King sought approval of the traditional rights of royal government in regard to the church. This led to the Constitutions of Clarendon , where Becket was officially asked to agree to
2277-423: The kingdom, but Pope Alexander III , though sympathising with him in theory, favoured a more diplomatic approach. Papal legates were sent in 1167 with authority to act as arbitrators. In 1170, Alexander sent delegates to impose a solution to the dispute. At that point, Henry offered a compromise that would allow Thomas to return to England from exile. In June 1170, Roger de Pont L'Évêque , Archbishop of York,
2346-413: The knights placed their weapons under a tree outside the cathedral and hid their armour under cloaks before entering to challenge Becket. The knights told Becket he was to go to Winchester to give an account of his actions, but Becket refused. Not until he refused their demands to submit to the king's will did they retrieve their weapons and rush back inside for the killing. Becket, meanwhile, proceeded to
2415-522: The knights... placed his foot on the neck of the holy priest and precious martyr and (it is horrible to say) scattered the brains with the blood across the floor, exclaiming to the rest, "We can leave this place, knights, he will not get up again." Another account appears in Expugnatio Hibernica ("Conquest of Ireland", 1189) by Gerald of Wales . After his death, the monks prepared Becket's body for burial. According to some accounts, it
2484-473: The life of the medieval English Church", attended by King Henry III , the papal legate, the Archbishop of Canterbury Stephen Langton and many dignitaries and magnates secular and ecclesiastical. So a "major new feast day was instituted, commemorating the translation... celebrated each July almost everywhere in England and in many French churches." It was suppressed in 1536 with the Reformation. The shrine
2553-404: The main hall for vespers . The other monks tried to bolt themselves in for safety, but Becket said to them, "It is not right to make a fortress out of the house of prayer!", ordering them to reopen the doors. The four knights, wielding drawn swords, ran into the room crying, "Where is Thomas Becket, traitor to the King and country?" They found Becket in a spot near a door to the monastic cloister,
2622-585: The men prepared for a longer stay in the separate kingdom of Scotland. They were not arrested and Henry did not confiscate their lands, but he did not help them when they sought his advice in August 1171. Pope Alexander excommunicated all four. Seeking forgiveness, the assassins travelled to Rome, where the Pope ordered them to serve as knights in the Holy Lands for a period of 14 years. This sentence also inspired
2691-684: The monastery of Vigeois . There were large and emotional gatherings wherever his body rested. At Le Mans , the local bishop halted the procession and ordered the body buried in his cathedral, perhaps to help defuse the civil unrest Henry's death had caused. The dean of Rouen recovered the body from the chapter of Le Mans a month later by a lawsuit so that the Young Henry could be buried in Normandy as he had desired in his testament. Henry's remains are in Rouen Cathedral, where his tomb
2760-511: The murder of her brother. On 12 July 1174, amidst the Revolt of 1173–74 , Henry humbled himself in public penance at Becket's tomb and at the church of St. Dunstan's , which became a most popular pilgrimage site. Becket's assassins fled north to de Morville's Knaresborough Castle for about a year. De Morville also held property in Cumbria and this too may have provided a hiding place, as
2829-414: The name of Jesus and the protection of the church, I am ready to embrace death." But the third knight inflicted a grave wound on the fallen one; with this blow... his crown, which was large, separated from his head so that the blood turned white from the brain yet no less did the brain turn red from the blood; it purpled the appearance of the church... The fifth – not a knight but a cleric who had entered with
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2898-739: The only English king since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign , but he was frustrated by his father's refusal to grant him meaningful autonomous power. He died aged 28, six years before his father, during the course of a campaign in Limousin against his father and his brother Richard . Little is known of the young Henry before the events associated with his marriage and coronation. His mother's children by her first marriage to Louis VII of France were Marie and Alix . He had one elder brother, William (d. 1156), and his younger siblings included Matilda , Richard , Geoffrey , Eleanor , Joan and John . In June 1170,
2967-578: The politics of his father's reign. On 2 November 1160, he was betrothed to Margaret of France , daughter of Louis VII of France and his second wife, Constance of Castile , when he was five years of age and she was at least two. The marriage was an attempt to finally settle the struggle between the counts of Anjou and the French kings over possession of the frontier district of the Norman Vexin , which Louis VII had acquired from Henry's grandfather, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou , in around 1144. By
3036-735: The pseudonyms of Anonymous I, Anonymous II (or Anonymous of Lambeth), and Anonymous III (or Lansdowne Anonymous). Besides these accounts, there are also two other accounts that are likely contemporary that appear in the Quadrilogus II and the Thómas saga Erkibyskups . Besides these biographies, there is also the mention of the events of Becket's life in the chroniclers of the time. These include Robert of Torigni 's work, Roger of Howden 's Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi and Chronica , Ralph Diceto 's works, William of Newburgh 's Historia Rerum , and Gervase of Canterbury 's works. Becket
3105-410: The rebellion of 1173. Henry did not appear to have been very interested in the day-to-day business of government, which distinguished him from his father and younger brothers. His father, however, is reputed to have failed to delegate authority to his son, retaining power in England. The majority opinion amongst historians is that of W. L. Warren : "The Young Henry was the only member of the family who
3174-1060: The rights and privileges of the Church and was murdered by followers of the King in Canterbury Cathedral . Soon after his death, he was canonised by Pope Alexander III . He is venerated as a saint and martyr by the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion . The main sources for the life of Becket are a number of biographies written by contemporaries. A few of these documents are by unknown writers, although traditional historiography has given them names. The known biographers are John of Salisbury , Edward Grim , Benedict of Peterborough , William of Canterbury , William fitzStephen , Guernes of Pont-Sainte-Maxence , Robert of Cricklade , Alan of Tewkesbury , Benet of St Albans , and Herbert of Bosham . The other biographers, who remain anonymous, are generally given
3243-417: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Young King . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_King&oldid=1139905602 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3312-408: The stairs into the crypt, and the stairs leading up into the quire of the cathedral, where the monks were chanting vespers. On seeing them, Becket said, "I am no traitor and I am ready to die." One knight grabbed him and tried to pull him outside, but Becket grabbed onto a pillar and bowed his head to make peace with God. Several contemporary accounts of what happened next exist; of particular note
3381-519: The substance of the Constitutions of Clarendon , but he still refused formally to sign the documents. Henry summoned Becket to appear before a great council at Northampton Castle on 8 October 1164, to answer allegations of contempt of royal authority and malfeasance in the Chancellor's office. Convicted on the charges, Becket stormed out of the trial and fled to the Continent . Henry pursued
3450-652: The terms of the settlement, Margaret would bring the castles of the Norman Vexin to her new husband. However, the marriage was pushed through by Henry II when Young Henry and Margaret were small children so that he could seize the castles. A bitter border war followed between the kings. Henry II had toyed with the idea of having Young Henry crowned king as early as 1162 and even procured a papal bull from Alexander III ordering Archbishop Roger of York to crown Young Henry whenever required. Thomas Becket, newly ordained as Archbishop of Canterbury, had been ordered to prepare for
3519-652: The time and his Latin skill always remained somewhat rudimentary. Some time after Becket began his schooling, Gilbert Becket suffered financial reverses and the younger Becket was forced to earn a living as a clerk. Gilbert first secured a place for his son in the business of a relative – Osbert Huitdeniers. Later Becket acquired a position in the household of Theobald of Bec, by then Archbishop of Canterbury . Theobald entrusted him with several important missions to Rome and also sent him to Bologna and Auxerre to study canon law . In 1154, Theobald named Becket Archdeacon of Canterbury , and other ecclesiastical offices included
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#17327650640713588-560: The time when Roland was alive, and even before, never was seen a knight so skilled, so warlike, whose fame resounded so around the world – even if Roland did come back, or if the world were searched as far as the River Nile and the setting sun. There was a perception amongst his contemporaries, and the next generation, that his death in 1183 marked a decline both in the tournament and knightly endeavour. His one-time chaplain, Gervase of Tilbury , remarked on his passing: "Assuredly, as he
3657-466: The town of Strood , Kent, Becket is said to have caused the inhabitants and their descendants to be born with tails. The men of Strood had sided with the king in his struggles against the archbishop, and to demonstrate their support had cut off the tail of Becket's horse as he passed through the town. The saint's fame quickly spread through the Norman world. The first holy image of Becket is thought to be
3726-472: Was a key patron of the sport. He brought 200 knights to the tournament of Lagny-sur-Marne in November 1179, paying each 20 shillings a day. Though he lacked political weight, his patronage brought him celebrity status throughout western Europe . The baron and troubadour Bertran de Born knew him, stating: [He was] the best king who ever took up a shield, the most daring and best of all tourneyers. From
3795-537: Was a solace to the world while he lived, so it was a blow to all chivalry when he died in the very glow of youth." The traditional view of Young Henry propagated into the modern era by Warren, has, however, been challenged in recent years. Matthew Strickland has argued in his compendium of the Young King's life and career that he was, in fact, an able and likeable individual who merely grew frustrated at his father's refusal to grant him any domains or responsibilities of his own. The young Henry played an important part in
3864-431: Was almost certainly a calculated insult to Louis VII that Margaret of France was not crowned alongside her husband in 1170. Robert of Torigny argues she simply arrived from Normandy too late to participate, but other sources reveal she was deliberately delayed at Caen. Warren believes that this was an ultimately fruitful attempt to prevent Louis VII from dissuading Thomas Becket from accepting his latest overtures. Whatever
3933-412: Was at York with Gilbert Foliot , Bishop of London , and Josceline de Bohon , Bishop of Salisbury , to crown the heir apparent, Henry the Young King . This breached Canterbury's privilege of coronation and in November 1170 Becket excommunicated all three. On hearing reports of Becket's actions, Henry II is said to have uttered words interpreted by his men as wishing Becket killed. The exact wording
4002-520: Was born c. 1119, or in 1120 according to later tradition, at Cheapside , London, on 21 December, the feast day of St Thomas the Apostle. He was the son of Gilbert and Matilda Beket. Gilbert's father was from Thierville in the lordship of Brionne in Normandy , and was either a small landowner or a petty knight. Matilda was also of Norman descent – her family may have originated near Caen . Gilbert
4071-497: Was crowned King of England a second time, this time together with Margaret, by Rotrou , the Archbishop of Rouen . Young Henry fell out with his father in 1173. Contemporary chroniclers allege that this was owing to the young man's frustration that his father had given him no realm to rule, and his feeling starved of funds. The rebellion seems, however, to have drawn strength from much deeper discontent with his father's rule, and
4140-525: Was destroyed in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries on orders from King Henry VIII . He also destroyed Becket's bones and ordered all mention of his name obliterated. As the scion of a mercantile dynasty of later centuries, Mercers , Becket was much regarded as a Londoner by citizens and adopted as London's co-patron saint with St Paul : both appear on the seals of the city and of
4209-466: Was found that Becket had worn a hairshirt under his archbishop's garments – a sign of penance. Soon after, the faithful throughout Europe began venerating Becket as a martyr , and on 21 February 1173 – little more than two years after his death – he was canonised by Pope Alexander III in St Peter's Church, Segni . In 1173, Becket's sister Mary was appointed Abbess of Barking as reparation for
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#17327650640714278-412: Was great disparity... [Henry] was admirable for gentleness and liberality... had a commendable suavity... commended for his easy temper... remarkable for his clemency... the vile and undeserving found their refuge in [Henry]... was the shield of bad men... was bent on martial sports... bestowed his favours on foreigners... [Henry's] ambition magnanimously compassed the world." Another description says "He
4347-403: Was known in his own lifetime as "Henry the Young King" to distinguish him from his father. As he was not a reigning king, he is not counted in the numerical succession of kings of England. According to one of Thomas Becket 's correspondents, Henry was knighted by his father before the coronation, but the History of William Marshal asserts that the king was knighted by Marshal in the course of
4416-601: Was later a signatory of the Constitutions of Clarendon against him. At the age of 10, Becket was sent as a student to Merton Priory south-west of the city in Surrey . He later attended a grammar school in London, perhaps the one at St Paul's Cathedral. He did not study any subjects beyond the trivium and quadrivium at these schools. Around the age of 20, he spent about a year in Paris, but he did not study canon or civil law at
4485-479: Was ordained a priest on 2 June 1162 at Canterbury, and on 3 June 1162 was consecrated as archbishop by Henry of Blois , the Bishop of Winchester and the other suffragan bishops of Canterbury. A rift grew between Henry and Becket as the new archbishop resigned his chancellorship and sought to recover and extend the rights of the archbishopric . This led to a series of conflicts with the King, including one over
4554-699: Was perhaps related to Theobald of Bec , whose family was also from Thierville. Gilbert began his life as a merchant, perhaps in textiles, but by the 1120s he was living in London and was a property owner, living on the rental income from his properties. He also served as the sheriff of the city at some point. Becket's parents were buried in Old St Paul's Cathedral . One of Becket's father's wealthy friends, Richer de L'Aigle , often invited Thomas to his estates in Sussex , where Becket encountered hunting and hawking. According to Grim, Becket learned much from Richer, who
4623-427: Was popular in his own day ... also the only one who gave no evidence of political sagacity, military skill, or even ordinary intelligence...", and elaborated in a later book, "He was gracious, benign, affable, courteous, the soul of liberality and generosity. Unfortunately, he was also shallow, vain, careless, empty-headed, incompetent, improvident, and irresponsible." The Young King's contemporary reputation, however,
4692-424: Was positive. Likely this was due to the enthusiastic tournament culture of his time. In the History of William Marshal , the biography of the knight assigned to him as a tutor in 1170 and his tournament team leader until 1182, he is described as a constant competitor at tournaments across northern and central France between 1175 and 1182. With his cousins Counts Philip I of Flanders and Baldwin V of Hainaut , he
4761-863: Was tall in stature and distinguished in appearance; his face expressed merriment and mature judgment in good measure; fair among the children of men, he was courteous and cheerful. Gracious to all, he was loved by all; amiable to all, he was incapable of making an enemy. He was matchless in warfare, and as he outstripped them all in valour, cordiality, and the outstanding graciousness of his manners, his true generosity, and true integrity..." Thomas Becket Thomas Becket ( / ˈ b ɛ k ɪ t / ), also known as Saint Thomas of Canterbury , Thomas of London and later Thomas à Becket (21 December 1119 or 1120 – 29 December 1170), served as Lord Chancellor from 1155 to 1162, and then notably as Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his death in 1170. He engaged in conflict with Henry II, King of England , over
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