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29-631: It is regarded as one of the three greatest rivers of Japan along with the Tone and the Chikugo , and is nicknamed Shikoku Saburō (四国三郎; Saburō is a popular given name for a third son). This was reflected in the 1998 naming of the Shikoku Saburo Bridge . The Yoshino rises from Mount Kamegamori (瓶ケ森) in Ino , Kōchi Prefecture and flows to the east. In Ōtoyo it turns to the north and crosses

58-477: A 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) stretch. The river provides some of the best white water rafting and kayaking in Japan. The snow melt swells the river to grade 4 in spring; in the summer it is a gentle grade 2. The Momijikyo section has 7 grade 3-4 rapids for 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) and is 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) long in total. The Tone River is home to Japan's longest car free cycling path. At over 220km long

87-610: A 50% turnout rate for referendums to pass through, pro-dam lobbyists likely urged "yes" supporters to not turn out to vote in the hopes that the total turnout would be less than 50% and thus invalidate the inevitable "no" vote. The entire episode led to a heated struggle between opposed locals and pro-dam lobbyists over the project. Reconstruction of the Yoshino Daiju Dam (吉野川第十堰 Yoshino-gawa Daijūzeki ) near its mouth provoked much controversy among environmentalists. Tone River The Tone River ( 利根川 , Tone-gawa )

116-712: A result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster radioactive cesium concentrations of 110 becquerels per kilogram were found in silver crucian carp fish caught in the Tone River in April 2012. The river is 180 kilometres (110 mi) from the Fukushima Daiichi Plant. Six fishery cooperatives and 10 towns along the river were asked to stop all shipments of fish caught in the Tone. The Tone River

145-588: Is a bay located in the southern Kantō region of Japan spanning the coasts of Tokyo , Kanagawa Prefecture , and Chiba Prefecture . Tokyo Bay is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Uraga Channel . The Tokyo Bay region is the most populous and the largest industrialized area in Japan. In ancient times, the Japanese knew Tokyo Bay as the uchi-umi ( 内海 ) , which means "inner sea" . By

174-622: Is a river in the Kantō region of Japan . It is 322 kilometers (200 mi) in length (the second longest in Japan after the Shinano ) and has a drainage area of 16,840 square kilometers (6,500 sq mi) (the largest in Japan). It is nicknamed Bandō Tarō ( 坂東太郎 ); Bandō is an obsolete alias of the Kantō Region , and Tarō is a popular given name for an oldest son. It is regarded as one of

203-652: Is enormous in Greater Tokyo , there is little room for traditional garbage disposal sites; waste is rigorously sorted at the household, much of it is turned into ash and further recycled into bay landfill. The Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line bridge-tunnel crosses Tokyo Bay between Kawasaki and Kisarazu; Tokyo-Wan Ferry also crosses the bay toward the Uraga Channel between Kurihama (in Yokosuka) and Kanaya (in Futtsu on

232-577: Is hard to trace its ancient route, but it originally flowed into Tokyo Bay along the route of the present-day Edo River , and tributaries like the Watarase and Kinu had independent river systems. For the sake of water transportation and flood control, extensive construction began in the 17th century during the Tokugawa shogunate , when the Kantō region became the political center of Japan. The course of

261-525: Is known as Nakanose , and has a depth of 20 m (66 ft). North of this area the bay has a depth of 40 m (130 ft) and an uncomplicated underwater topography . Areas south of Nakanose are significantly deeper moving towards the Pacific Ocean. The only natural island in Tokyo Bay is Sarushima (0.055 km (0.021 sq mi)) at Yokosuka , Kanagawa Prefecture. Sarushima

290-855: The Azuchi–Momoyama period (1568–1600) the area had become known as Edo Bay ( 江戸湾 , Edo-wan ) after the city of Edo . The bay took its present name in modern times, after the Imperial court moved to Edo and renamed the city Tokyo in 1868. Tokyo Bay juts prominently into the Kantō Plain . It is surrounded by the Bōsō Peninsula in Chiba Prefecture to the east and the Miura Peninsula in Kanagawa Prefecture to

319-634: The Keiyō Industrial Zone in Chiba Prefecture along the north and east coasts of Tokyo Bay after World War II . The development of the two zones has resulted in the largest industrialized area in Japan. The large-scale industrial zones of the coastal Tokyo region have caused significant air and water pollution. The Port of Yokosuka contains the naval bases of the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force and

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348-565: The Meiji and Taishō periods . After World War II these islands were converted to residential or recreational use. Odaiba , also known as Daiba , was one of six artificial islands constructed in 1853 as a fortification to protect the Tokugawa shogunate at Edo , and was known as the Shinagawa Daiba. After World War II Odaiba was incorporated into Tokyo and redeveloped for commercial and recreational use. Before World War II, Yumenoshima

377-514: The Pacific Ocean at Cape Inubō , Choshi in Chiba Prefecture . Major tributaries of the Tone River include the Agatsuma , Watarase , Kinu , Omoi , and the Kokai River   [ Wikidata ] . The Edo River branches away from the river and flows into Tokyo Bay . The Tone River was once known for its uncontrollable nature, and its route changed whenever floods occurred. It

406-717: The Port of Chiba , the Port of Tokyo , the Port of Kawasaki, the Port of Yokosuka , the Port of Kisarazu , rank not only as the busiest ports in Japan, but also in the Asia-Pacific Region . Industrial zones on Tokyo Bay were developed as early as the Meiji era (1868–1912). The Keihin Industrial Zone was built on reclaimed land in Kanagawa Prefecture to the west of Tokyo. This was expanded to

435-679: The United States Forces Japan . Tokyo Bay was the venue for the Perry Expedition , which involved two separate trips from 1853 to 1854 between the United States and Japan by Commodore Matthew Perry (1794–1858). Perry sailed on his four " Black Ships " into Edo Bay on July 8, 1853, and began negotiations with the Tokugawa shogunate that led to a peace and trade treaty between the United States and Japan in 1854. The Japanese Instrument of Surrender at

464-689: The "Three Greatest Rivers" of Japan, the others being the Yoshino in Shikoku and the Chikugo in Kyūshū . The source of the Tone River is at Mount Ōminakami   [ Wikidata ] ( 大水上山 ) (1,831 meters (6,007 ft)) in the Echigo Mountains , which straddle the border between Gunma and Niigata Prefectures in Jōshin'etsu Kōgen National Park . The Tone gathers tributaries and pours into

493-562: The Chiba side). Tokyo Bay was a historical center of the fishing industry, a source of shellfish , and other aquaculture . These industries decreased with the industrialization of the Tokyo Bay region early in the 20th century, and almost completely ceased with the construction of the Keihin and Keiyō industrial zones directly after World War II . A number of Japan's most important ports are located in Tokyo Bay. The Port of Yokohama ,

522-665: The Shikoku Mountains. The gorge, named Ōboke Koboke , is a famous tourist attraction of Shikoku. In Ikeda , Tokushima Prefecture it turns to the east again and pours into the Kii Channel at the north of Tokushima city . Its major tributaries include Ananai, Iya, Dōzan, Sadamitsu, and Anabuki. The river has some "submerged bridges" (潜水橋 Sensuikyō ), equivalents of Chinkabashi of the Shimanto, which lack parapets in order not to be washed away by floods. The river

551-704: The Tone River Cycling Road 利根川サイクリングロード starts in Shibukawa City, Gunma and runs all the way to Choshi City, Chiba. The total route is over 230km but the final 10km or so into Choshi is on a road. The remaining 220km is on detached cycling paths high up on the river bank with great views of mountains while in Gunma and large rice fields and agriculture as you approach the ocean. [REDACTED] Media related to Tone River at Wikimedia Commons Tokyo Bay Tokyo Bay ( 東京湾 , Tōkyō-wan )

580-617: The bay in Chiba Prefecture. Land reclamation has been carried out along the coast of Tokyo Bay since the Meiji period. Areas along the shore with a depth of less than 5 m (16 ft) are simplest to carry out landfill , and sand from the floor of Tokyo Bay is used for these projects. The topography of the shoreline of Tokyo Bay differs greatly from that of the pre-modern period due to ongoing land reclamation projects. Tokyo Bay includes about 249 km (96 sq mi) of reclaimed land area in 2012. Aggregate household waste production

609-622: The bay. In a broader sense, Tokyo Bay includes the Uraga Channel. By this definition the bay opens from an area north of the straight line from Cape Tsurugisaki on the east of Miura Peninsula to Cape Sunosaki on the west of the Boso Peninsula. This area covers about 1,100 km (420 sq mi). The area of Tokyo Bay combined with the Uraga Channel covers 1,500 km (580 sq mi). The shoal between Cape Futtsu in Chiba Prefecture and Cape Honmaku in Yokohama

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638-555: The river has several dams that supply water for more than 30 million inhabitants of metropolitan Tokyo and large-scale industrial areas such as the Keiyō Industrial Zone . The Minakami onsen area in Gunma Prefecture is near the source for the Tone River and during the spring snow melt period, April–June, the river provides consistent grade 4 rapids (on the International Scale of River Difficulty ) over

667-486: The river was significantly changed, and the present route of the river was determined during the Meiji period , with the assistance of Dutch civil engineer Anthonie Rouwenhorst Mulder . Its vast watershed is thus largely artificial. Two ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy were named after the river, one of World War I vintage and another from World War II , the lead ship of its class . As

696-470: The west. The shore of Tokyo Bay consists of a diluvial plateau and is subject to rapid marine erosion . Sediments on the shore of the bay make for a smooth, continuous shoreline. In a narrow sense, Tokyo Bay is the area north of the straight line from Cape Kannon on the west of Miura Peninsula to Cape Futtsu on the east Bōsō Peninsula. This area covers about 922 km (356 sq mi) in 2012, reclamation projects continue to slowly shrink

725-566: Was an indispensable inland water link between the capitol at Edo , and later Tokyo, to the Pacific Ocean. It carried not only local products like soy sauce from Choshi , but also products from the Tōhoku region , in order to save time and to avoid risk in the open sea. With the advent of the railway in the 19th century major shipping on the Tone quickly declined, and inland ports such as Noda , Sekiyado , now part of Noda, Nagareyama , and Sawara , now part of Katori diminished in importance. Today

754-468: Was constructed in 1985 and is home to Yokohama Hakkeijima Sea Paradise . Other artificial islands include Heiwa , Katsushima , Shōwa , Keihin , and Higashiōgi islands. Numerous rivers empty into Tokyo Bay, and all provide water for residential and industrial areas along the bay. The Tama and Sumida rivers empty into the bay at Tokyo. The Edo River empties into Tokyo Bay between Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture. The Obitsu and Yōrō rivers empty into

783-533: Was one of the locations fortified with coastal artillery during the Bakumatsu period and was subsequently incorporated into the Tokyo Bay Fortress during the Meiji period . The Imperial Japanese Navy maintained a degaussing station on the island until the end of World War II . The island is now uninhabited and is a marine park. Many artificial islands were built as naval fortifications in

812-684: Was planned as an airfield (one of the largest in the world at the time), but after the US military expansion of Haneda Airport following World War II, the plan of the airfield fell through. The island briefly opened as a public beach before being repurposed and used as a landfill between 1957 and 1967 to dispose of the large quantities of garbage from the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. The reclaimed land now hosts Yumenoshima Park with numerous recreational facilities. Hakkei Island (0.24 km (0.093 sq mi)), formerly Landfill Number 14,

841-609: Was the subject of controversy in January 2000 when around half of eligible local residents showed up to the polls and overwhelmingly voted against a proposed dam construction across the river, with 102,759 (90.14%) registering a "no" vote and only 9,367 (8.22%) giving a "yes" vote (1.64% of votes were deemed invalid). This was considered unusual in a country where pork barrel public works projects were common and often welcomed by locals in provincial areas. Ironically, one author has argued that because of earlier local reforms which required

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