Misplaced Pages

#801198

50-695: Jan Joosten was a native of Delft and one of the first Dutchmen in Japan , and the second mate on the Dutch ship De Liefde , which was stranded in Japan in 1600. He remained in Japan and served as a diplomatic advisor and interpreter to the Tokugawa shogunate on trade and economic matters. He was also engaged in the shuinsen ( 朱印船 , lit.   ' red seal ship ' ) trade in Asia. The current name of

100-454: A rule of thumb , one koku was considered a sufficient quantity of rice to feed one person for one year. The Chinese equivalent or cognate unit for capacity is the shi or dan ( Chinese : 石 ; pinyin : shí, dàn ; Wade–Giles : shih, tan ) also known as hu ( 斛 ; hú ; hu ), now approximately 103 litres but historically about 59.44 litres (13.07 imp gal; 15.70 US gal). The Chinese dan

150-658: A building on the Delft University of Technology campus. It opened in 2009 and offers several bachelor's degrees for the Faculty of Technology, Innovation & Society. Inholland University of Applied Sciences also has a building on the Delft University of Technology campus. Several bachelor's degrees for the Agri, Food & Life Sciences faculty and the Engineering, Design and Computing faculty are being taught at

200-416: A canal, the 'Delf', which comes from the word delven , meaning to delve or dig, and this led to the name Delft. At the elevated place where this 'Delf' crossed the creek wall of the silted up river Gantel, a Count established his manor , probably around 1075. Partly because of this, Delft became an important market town, the evidence for which can be seen in the size of its central market square. Having been

250-521: A few received salaries instead. The kokudaka was reported in terms of brown rice ( genmai ) in most places, with the exception of the land ruled by the Satsuma clan which reported in terms of unhusked or non- winnowed rice ( momi ( 籾 ) . Since this practice had persisted, past Japanese rice production statistics need to be adjusted for comparison with other countries that report production by milled or polished rice . Even in certain parts of

300-711: A fief of 220 koku in Miura , Sagami Province . Jan Joosten, also employed as a diplomatic adviser, was given the Japanese name Yayōsu ( 耶楊子 ) and a residence in Edo. The house was located on the edge of the inner moat outside the Wadakura Gate of Edo Castle . He then married a Japanese woman and had children. Although not allowed to return to the Netherlands, Jan Joosten was given a permit to engage in foreign trade. He

350-473: A middle-ground value between two different kane-jaku standards. A researcher has pointed out that the ( shin ) kyō-masu  [ ja ] cups ought to have used take-jaku which were 0.2% longer. However, the actual measuring cups in use did not quite attain the take shaku metric, and when the Japanese Ministry of Finance had collected actual samples of masu from

400-530: A rural village in the early Middle Ages, Delft developed into a city, and on 15 April 1246, Count Willem II granted Delft its city charter . Trade and industry flourished. In 1389 the Delfshavensche Schie canal was dug through to the river Maas , where the port of Delfshaven was built, connecting Delft to the sea. Until the 17th century, Delft was one of the major cities of the then county (and later province) of Holland . In 1400, for example,

450-581: Is also a facility for renting bikes from the station.) Inside the city, apart from a central park, there are several smaller town parks, including "Nieuwe Plantage", "Agnetapark", "Kalverbos". There is also the Botanical Garden of the TU and an arboretum in Delftse Hout. Delft is the birthplace of: Delft is twinned with: Trains stopping at these stations connect Delft with, among others,

500-640: Is conventionally accepted as equivalent to 120 board feet , but in practice may convert to less. In metric measures 1 lumber koku is about 278.3 litres (61.2 imp gal; 73.5 US gal). The exact measure now in use was devised around the 1620s, but not officially adopted for all of Japan until the Kanbun era (1660s). Under the Tokugawa shogunate (1603–1868) of the Edo period of Japanese history , each feudal domain had an assessment of its potential income known as kokudaka (production yield) which in part determined its order of precedence at

550-456: Is equal to 10 dou ( 斗 ; dǒu ; tou ) " pecks ", 100 sheng ( 升 ; shēng ; sheng ) " pints ". While the current dan is 103 litres in volume, the dan of the Tang dynasty (618–907) period equalled 59.44 litres. The exact modern koku is calculated to be 180.39 litres, 100 times the capacity of a modern shō . This modern koku is essentially defined to be the same as

SECTION 10

#1732787376802

600-495: Is known for its images of domestic life and views of households, church interiors, courtyards, squares and the streets of Delft. The painters also produced pictures showing historic events, flowers, portraits for patrons and the court as well as decorative pieces of art. Delft supports creative arts' companies. From 2001 the Bacinol  [ nl ] , a building that had been disused since 1951, began to house small companies in

650-678: Is known that the Portuguese Jesuit missionaries insisted to the Japanese that the ship was a pirate vessel and that the crew should be executed. Some of them were received by Ieyasu, who questioned them at length on European politics, wars and foreign affairs. Adams and Jan Joosten told Ieyasu about the world situation, including that there were many conflicts in Europe, and that the Jesuits and other Catholics (e.g. Portuguese, Spanish), who had been proselytizing Christianity in Japan, and

700-479: Is the traditional volume of a single serving of rice (before cooking), used to this day for the plastic measuring cup that is supplied with commercial Japanese rice cookers . The koku in Japan was typically used as a dry measure . The amount of rice production measured in koku was the metric by which the magnitude of a feudal domain ( han ) was evaluated. A feudal lord was only considered daimyō class when his domain amounted to at least 10,000 koku . As

750-532: Is well known for the Delft pottery ceramic products which were styled on the imported Chinese porcelain of the 17th century. The city had an early start in this area since it was a home port of the Dutch East India Company . It can still be seen at the pottery factories De Koninklijke Porceleyne Fles (or Royal Delft) and De Delftse Pauw , while new ceramics and ceramic art can be found at

800-449: The koku from the Edo period (1600–1868), namely 100 times the shō equal to 64827 cubic bu in the traditional shakkanhō measuring system. The kyō-masu ( 京枡 , "Kyoto masu ") , the semi-official one shō measuring box since the late 16th century under Daimyo Nobunaga , began to be made in a different (larger) size in the early Edo period, sometime during

850-615: The Gallery Terra Delft . The painter Johannes Vermeer (1632–1675) was born in Delft. Vermeer used Delft streets and home interiors as the subject or background in his paintings. Several other famous painters lived and worked in Delft at that time, such as Pieter de Hoogh , Carel Fabritius , Nicolaes Maes , Gerard Houckgeest and Hendrick Cornelisz. van Vliet. They were all members of the Delft School . The Delft School

900-578: The Straits of Magellan , they became separated, but later rejoined the Hoop ( Hope ) off the coast of Chile, where some of the crew and captains of both vessels died in an encounter with natives. They decided to leave hostile Spanish waters and sell their woolen cloth cargo in Japan rather than in the warmer Moluccas . The two ships encountered a storm and Hoop was lost. In April 1600, De Liefde drifted ashore at Usuki , Bungo Province , Japan. The crew

950-498: The Tōhoku region or Ezo ( Hokkaidō ), where rice could not be grown, the economy was still measured in terms of koku , with other crops and produce converted to their equivalent value in terms of rice. The kokudaka was not adjusted from year to year, and thus some fiefs had larger economies than their nominal koku indicated, due to land reclamation and new rice field development, which allowed them to fund development projects. Koku

1000-411: The masu-za  [ ja ] (measuring-cup guilds ) of both eastern and western Japan, they found that the measurements were close to the average of take-jaku and kane-jaku . The "lumber koku " or "maritime koku " is defined as equal to 10 cubic shaku in the lumber or shipping industry, compared with the standard koku measures 6.48 cubic shaku . A lumber koku

1050-541: The province of South Holland , Netherlands. It is located between Rotterdam , to the southeast, and The Hague , to the northwest. Together with them, it is a part of both the Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area and the Randstad . Delft is a popular tourist destination in the Netherlands, famous for its historical connections with the reigning House of Orange-Nassau , for its blue pottery , for being home to

SECTION 20

#1732787376802

1100-455: The 1620s. Its dimensions, given in the traditional Japanese shaku length unit system, were 4 sun 9 bu square times 2 sun 7 bu depth. Its volume, which could be calculated by multiplication was: 1 koku = 100 shō = 100 × (49 bu × 49 bu × 27 bu ) = 100 × 64,827 cubic bu Although this was referred to as shin kyō-masu or the "new" measuring cup in its early days, its use supplanted

1150-480: The 380th anniversary of the Japan-Dutch Treaty of Amity, is located on Yaesu Street. In 1999, his home town of Delft named Jan Joostenplein (Jan Joosten Square) after him (it is off Van Lodensteynstraat, which is named for a relative). There is a sculpture of "De Liefde" in the courtyard. Delft Delft ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈdɛl(ə)ft] ) is a city and municipality in

1200-602: The Delft Thunderclap, occurred on 12 October 1654 when a gunpowder store exploded, destroying much of the city. More than a hundred were killed and thousands were injured. About 30  t (29.5 long tons ; 33.1 short tons ) of gunpowder were stored in barrels in a magazine in a former Clarist convent in the Doelenkwartier district, where the Paardenmarkt is now located. Cornelis Soetens,

1250-435: The Delft campus. In the local economic field, essential elements are: East of Delft lies a relatively large nature and recreation area called the "Delftse Hout" ("Delft Wood"). Through the forest lie bike, horse-riding and footpaths. It also includes a vast lake (suitable for swimming and windsurfing), narrow beaches, a restaurant, and community gardens, plus camping ground and other recreational and sports facilities. (There

1300-814: The Netherlands, he went to Batavia , the capital of the Dutch East Indies (now Jakarta , capital of Indonesia ), but negotiations were proceeding with difficulty. As the Dutch authorities did not give him permission to sail, he gave up the idea of returning to the Netherlands. Then, on his way back to Japan, his ship ran aground in the South China Sea and he drowned in 1623. The place name Yaesu in Tokyo comes from Jan Joosten. He lived in Edo Castle Town, near present-day Hibiya , Chiyoda-ku , so

1350-580: The Protestants (e.g. Dutch, English) were on different sides and were in conflict with each other. Ieyasu liked them for their frankness in telling the facts and recognized them as trustworthy. This is said to have influenced the foreign policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate and led to the exclusion of Portugal and Spain. This was because trade with Catholic countries was inseparable from the propagation of Christianity. The Protestant Netherlands, on

1400-647: The Shogunal court. The smallest kokudaka to qualify the fief-holder for the title of daimyō was 10,000 koku (worth ¥ 705.53 million (2016) (equivalent to ¥ 719.91 million or US$ 6.6 million in 2019) ) and Kaga han , the largest fief (other than that of the shōgun ), was called the "million- koku domain". Its holdings totaled around 1,025,000 koku (worth ¥ 72.3 billion  (2016) (equivalent to ¥ 73.77 billion or US$ 676.77 million in 2019) ). Many samurai , including hatamoto (a high-ranking samurai), received stipends in koku , while

1450-611: The Silent (Willem de Zwijger), took up residence in 1572 in the former Saint-Agatha convent (subsequently called the Prinsenhof). At the time he was the leader of growing national Dutch resistance against Spanish occupation, known as the Eighty Years' War . By then Delft was one of the leading cities of Holland and was equipped with the necessary city walls to serve as a headquarters. In October 1573, an attack by Spanish forces

1500-497: The area around Tokyo Station in Japan, Yaesu , derives from his Japanese name Yayōsu . Jan Joosten left Rotterdam in 1598 on board De Liefde for a trading voyage in five ship expedition to the East Indies . The Liefde was piloted by Englishman William Adams as chief navigator. Other fellow sailors included the captain of De Liefde Jacob Quaeckernaeck and purser Melchior van Santvoort . After making it through

1550-522: The city had 6,500 inhabitants, making it the third largest city after Dordrecht (8,000) and Haarlem (7,000). In 1560, Amsterdam, with 28,000 inhabitants, had become the largest city, followed by Delft, Leiden and Haarlem, which each had around 14,000 inhabitants. In 1536, a large part of the city was destroyed by the great fire of Delft. The town's association with the House of Orange started when William of Orange (Willem van Oranje), nicknamed William

Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn - Misplaced Pages Continue

1600-563: The city. In the 17th century, Delft experienced a new heyday, thanks to the presence of an office of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (opened in 1602) and the manufacture of Delft Blue china . A number of notable artists based themselves in the city, including Leonard Bramer , Carel Fabritius , Pieter de Hoogh , Gerard Houckgeest , Emanuel de Witte , Jan Steen , and Johannes Vermeer . Reinier de Graaf and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek received international attention for their scientific research. The Delft Explosion, also known in history as

1650-455: The creative arts sector. Its demolition started in December 2009, making way for the new railway tunnel in Delft. The occupants of the building, as well as the name 'Bacinol', moved to another building in the city. The name Bacinol relates to Dutch penicillin research during WWII . Delft University of Technology (TU Delft) is one of four universities of technology in the Netherlands. It

1700-480: The devastation. The gunpowder store (Dutch: Kruithuis) was subsequently re-housed, a 'cannonball's distance away', outside the city, in a new building designed by architect Pieter Post . The city centre retains a large number of monumental buildings, while in many streets there are canals of which the banks are connected by typical bridges, altogether making this city a notable tourist destination. Historical buildings and other sights of interest include: Delft

1750-624: The hands of the Spanish. Therefore, he was buried in the Delft Nieuwe Kerk (New Church), starting a tradition for the House of Orange that has continued to the present day. Around this time, Delft also occupied a prominent position in the field of printing. A number of Italian glazed earthenware makers settled in the city and introduced a new style. The tapestry industry also flourished when famous manufacturer François Spierincx moved to

1800-544: The keeper of the magazine, opened the store to check a sample of the powder and a huge explosion followed. Fortunately, many citizens were away, visiting a market in Schiedam or a fair in The Hague . Today, the explosion is primarily remembered for killing Rembrandt 's most promising pupil, Carel Fabritius , and destroying nearly all his works. Delft artist Egbert van der Poel painted several pictures of Delft showing

1850-401: The nearby cities of Rotterdam and The Hague , as often as every five minutes, for most of the day. There are several bus routes from Delft to similar destinations. Trams frequently travel between Delft and The Hague via special double tracks crossing the city. The whole city center and adjacent areas are a paid on-street parking area. In 2018, with the day parking fee of 29.5 Euro, it

1900-404: The old measure in most areas in Japan, until the only place still left using the old cup (" edo-masu ") was the city of Edo , and the Edo government passed an edict declaring the kyō-masu the official nationwide measure standard in 1669 ( Kanbun 9). When the 1891 Japanese Weights and Measures Act  [ ja ] was promulgated, it defined the shō unit as the capacity of

1950-423: The other hand, were allowed to continue their exchange as their only purpose was to trade with Japan. The crew eventually went separate ways when some decided they should split the money provided as compensation for their losses of the ship and cargo. Ieyasu invited both Adams and Jan Joosten to Edo when he became Shogun. He hired Adams as a diplomatic adviser and gave him the Japanese name Miura Anjin ( 三浦按針 ) and

2000-478: The painter Jan Vermeer , and for hosting Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). Historically, Delft played a highly influential role in the Dutch Golden Age . In terms of science and technology, thanks to the pioneering contributions of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Martinus Beijerinck , Delft can be considered to be the birthplace of microbiology . The city of Delft came into being beside

2050-547: The place was called Yayosu ( 八代洲 ) after his Japanese name Yayōsu ( 耶楊子 ) . Later, Yayosu ( 八代洲 ) changed to Yaesu ( 八重洲 ) and then used as the name of the town for the first time in 1872. The current Yaesu ( 八重洲 ) is located in Chuo-ku, Tokyo , and was established in 1954. The Jan Joosten Memorial Statue stands in the Yaesu underground mall at Tokyo Station. The Jan Joosten Monument, erected in 1989 to commemorate

Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn - Misplaced Pages Continue

2100-503: The ship and, according to Spanish accounts, later used at the decisive Battle of Sekigahara on 21 October 1600 (between Tokugawa forces and their rivals). Tokugawa Ieyasu , the daimyō of Edo (modern Tokyo ) who later became shōgun and established the Edo shogunate , dealt with the ship and its crew. Ieyasu, who was the head of the Council of Five Elders , ordered them to sail the ship to Sakai (near Osaka) and then on to Edo. It

2150-449: The standard kyo-masu of 64827 cubic bu . The same act also defined the shaku length as 10 ⁄ 33 metre. The metric equivalent of the modern shō is 2401 ⁄ 1331 litres. The modern koku is therefore 240,100 ⁄ 1331 litres, or 180.39 litres. The modern shaku defined here is set to equal the so-called setchū-shaku ( setchū-jaku or "compromise shaku "), measuring 302.97 mm,

2200-554: Was 110 when the ship departed from Rotterdam, but by the time it reached Japan it was down to 24, including several who were close to death. The Nagasaki bugyō in charge of the area seized weapons such as cannons , matchlock guns and ammunition on board the ship and reported this incident of foreigners drifting ashore (commonly known as the Liefde incident ) to Toyotomi Hideyori in Osaka . The nineteen bronze cannons were unloaded from

2250-473: Was also used to measure how much a ship could carry when all its loads were rice. Smaller ships carried 50 koku (7.5 tonnes, 7.4 long tons, 8.3 short tons) while the biggest ships carried over 1,000 koku (150 tonnes, 150 long tons, 170 short tons). The biggest ships were larger than military vessels owned by the shogunate. The Hyakumangoku Matsuri (Million- Koku Festival) in Kanazawa , Japan celebrates

2300-405: Was founded as an academy for civil engineering in 1842 by King William II . As of 2022, well over 27,000 students are enrolled. The UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, providing postgraduate education for people from developing countries, draws on the strong tradition in water management and hydraulic engineering of the Delft university. The Hague University of Applied Sciences has

2350-511: Was instrumental in developing trade between the shogunate and Dutch merchants and became a mediator between Japan and the Netherlands. He was reported by Dutch traders in Ayutthaya to be aboard junks carrying rich cargoes in early 1613. In a letter dated November 1614, Jan Joosten, as a trader, wrote: 'I report that the Emperor (Ieyasu) is to purchase all cannon and lead'. Hoping to return to

2400-500: Was privileged to wear the two swords of the samurai and received an annual stipend which placed him (along with Adams) among the ranks of the hatamoto or direct retainers of the shōgun . Jan Joosten served as Ieyasu's diplomatic adviser and interpreter, while at the same time engaging in the red seal ship trade under license from Tokugawa Ieyasu in Asia. When the Dutch trading house was established in Hirado, Nagasaki , in 1609, he

2450-731: Was repelled in the Battle of Delft . After the Act of Abjuration was proclaimed in 1581, Delft became the de facto capital of the newly independent Netherlands, as the seat of the Prince of Orange . When William was shot dead on 10 July 1584 by Balthazar Gerards in the hall of the Prinsenhof (now the Prinsenhof Museum ), the family's traditional burial place in Breda was still in

2500-469: Was the most expensive on-street parking area in the Netherlands, with the city centers of Deventer and Dordrecht being second and third, respectively. Koku The koku ( 斛 ) is a Chinese-based Japanese unit of volume. 1 koku is equivalent to 10 to ( 斗 ) or approximately 180 litres (40 imp gal; 48 US gal), or about 150 kilograms (330 lb) of rice. It converts, in turn, to 100 shō and 1000 gō . One gō

#801198