A company town is a place where all or most of the stores and housing in the town are owned by the same company that is also the main employer. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, houses of worship, schools, markets, and recreation facilities.
103-546: Yallourn, Victoria was a company town in Victoria, Australia built between 1921 and 1961 to house employees of the State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SECV), who operated the nearby Yallourn Power Station complex. However, expansion of the adjacent open-cut brown coal mine led to the closure and removal of the town in the 1980s. Whilst the township no longer exists, at the 2006 census ,
206-448: A Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company mining camp and mine site nine miles (14.5 km) from the nearest outside road. Traditional settings for company towns were where extractive industries – coal , metal mines, lumber – had established a monopoly franchise. Dam sites and war-industry camps founded other company towns. Since company stores often had a monopoly in company towns, it was frequently possible to pay in scrip through
309-480: A ghost town by the 1960s due to the steady decline in the global price of nitrates caused by the development of chemically engineered fertilizers. Sewell was a mining town intended as both a residential and industrial hub linked to the nearby El Teniente copper mine. Founded in 1906 by the Braden Copper Company , it came to house over 16,000 inhabitants at its peak despite its remote location on
412-574: A truck system . However, not all company towns engaged in this particular practice. In the Soviet Union, there were several cities of nuclear scientists ( atomics ) known as atomgrad ; particularly in Ukraine , those were Pripyat , Varash , Pivdennoukrainsk among others. Typically, a company town is isolated from neighboring towns and centered on a large production factory , such as a lumber or steel mill or an automobile plant. The citizens of
515-519: A Quaker, preached Christian values, such as respectability, thrift, and sobriety, and sought to unify the Bournville community through rituals such as gift-giving between employer and employee. The firm also established work councils, such as the Women's Works Council, and supported trade unions. Bournville represented the union of industry and nature as the company town boasted the attractiveness of
618-495: A colony of South Africa. Indigenous workers were coerced into signing yearlong contracts in caged-in factory compounds, which they were not allowed to leave without permission, with movement strictly controlled by Pass laws. In addition they lived in the compound dorms and primarily got food from the compound's cafeteria, both under the control of their employers. As such, alongside the typically bad working conditions, it has been characterized by many as close to slavery. Widzew,
721-405: A formal central square adjacent to the shopping area and a formal "Broadway" bounded by parks between the shopping area and railway station. The whole town area was surrounded by a green belt varying between native vegetation, open parkland and sporting and recreational complexes. The majority of the land and buildings, with the churches and several minor properties as the exceptions, were owned by
824-493: A healthy, beautiful, and well-ventilated environment. The Bolsover Company developed two exemplary mining communities in Derbyshire during the late nineteenth century: Bolsover (1891) and Creswell (1896). The Bolsover Company aimed to provide improved living conditions for the miners and their families in these model industrial villages. The houses at Creswell were built in concentric circles, and within these circles
927-709: A historic monument. The mining settlements built around the coal pits of the Ruhr region were called Zechenkolonien ("pit colonies"). Wolfsburg was created as a planned city in 1938 to host the Volkswagen plant and its workers. A similar Nazi-era planned town is Salzgitter , built around the Reichswerke Hermann Göring that later became the Salzgitter AG . In 1950s East Germany , Eisenhüttenstadt ("ironworks city", initially Stalinstadt )
1030-450: A history going back some 150 years; however, in almost all cases, the company that operated the colony has now shut down. The most common industry in these colonies was textiles, and the most important from the standpoint of architecture, urban design, and the complexity of their operation. More than 75 textile colonies were recorded, although there were also mining, metallurgy, cement, and agricultural colonies. These colonies (particularly
1133-403: A moral responsibility, or often a religious obligation, which would advance society while furthering their business interests. Accordingly, the company town offered a unique opportunity to achieve such ends. Although many prominent examples of company towns portray their founders as "capitalists with a conscience", for example, George Cadbury 's Bournville , if viewed cynically, the company town
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#17327936961111236-637: A multi-million-dollar upgrade. It boasts a separate diving pool, a 50-metre pool and a newly constructed children's pool with an interactive splashpad. The reconstruction works were carried out by local businesses and administered by Latrobe City Counci. The local leisure centre consists of a 25-metre, six-lane indoor heated pool, a unisex spa at one end of the complex and sauna at the other, gymnasium with both electronic and state-of-the-art pin-loaded equipment (including rowers, treadmills, exercise bikes and steppers), squash court, 400-metre all-weather athletics track and grass field with asphalt cycling track around
1339-514: A school, tennis courts, and bowling greens. Port Sunlight combined the use of formal and informal planning elements, such as straight streets close to the town centre and curved streets in the residential areas. This combination of the formal and informal represented a new feature of British town planning. Bournville (1895), near Birmingham, was established by the Cadbury brothers, George and Richard. George and Richard Cadbury chose to transfer
1442-477: A significant influence on the Garden City movement . The model company town is concerned with creating a productive and prosperous company. Enlightened industrialists believed this could be achieved by providing a healthier residential environment for their employees. Planning a model company town involved the fusion of new notions of house design and layout. The paternalism of the enlightened industrialist
1545-409: A significant part of the town's population. An example is Toyota, Aichi ( 豊田市 ), where the "castle" company is the automobile manufacturer Toyota . In some cases, such towns can be named after the company. For example, Toyota City changed its name from Koromo City and named the area of the town where Toyota's headquarters is situated " Toyota-machi [ ja ] " ( トヨタ町 , note that katakana
1648-642: A suburb of Łódź in Poland, had been a textile company town before the Second World War . Svit in Slovakia was founded in 1934 by business industrialist Jan Antonín Baťa following his policy of establishing well-organized model communities for his workers and other employees. This town (like other Baťa's company towns) was also an example of social engineering . The mining city of Kiruna in Sweden
1751-529: Is a prime example of the decline many company towns have had to deal with when the company itself struggles. The town relied on three paper mills owned by Kymmene Corporation from the 1870s until 2005, when two mills, Voikkaa and Kuusaa, were shut down, leaving only the Kymi mill operating. The two closed mills employed an estimated 5% of the local population, and Kymmene's decision left the town in socioeconomic chaos. Kuusankoski's independent status ended in 2009 when
1854-819: Is a town in the Latrobe Valley in the Gippsland region of Victoria , Australia . It is approximately 130 kilometres (80 miles) east of the central business district of Melbourne , 45 kilometres (30 miles) due south of the peak of Mount Baw Baw in the Great Dividing Range and features views of the Baw Baw Ranges to the north and Strzelecki Ranges to the south. At June 2018, Moe had an estimated urban population of 16,812 (including Newborough ). The population has been slowly shrinking with an average annual rate of -0.1% year-on-year for
1957-527: Is about Yallourn. The band's frontman Mick Thomas was born in Yallourn and lived there as a child, where his father worked for the SEC. Company town Some company towns were established to improve living conditions for workers, but many have been regarded as controlling and/or exploitative. Others were not planned, such as Summit Hill, Pennsylvania , United States, one of the oldest, which began as
2060-406: Is also serviced by two secondary colleges: Tertiary education is offered through GippsTAFE (Yallourn, Warragul, Leongatha, Morwell). Federation University also has its Gippsland campus at nearby Churchill . The economy is mainly driven by the primary sector of the economy , natural resources and the secondary sector including coal mining , processing and fossil-fuel power generation for
2163-478: Is in final planning stage near Lake Narracan, a few kilometres from the Moe CBD. The development will be bordered by Thompsons Road, Moe Golf Club, Hayes Road and the south shore of Lake Narracan—then extending to Becks Bridge Road to the west. The first developed section is in an area planned to have around 1,000 homes—of a total of approximately 4,000. Moe is serviced by a number of primary schools including: Moe
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#17327936961112266-669: Is increasingly being used for recreational purposes, including water-skiing, jet skiing and recreational fishing and has a small caravan park and water-ski club. There are two golf courses, the Moe Golf Club on Thompsons Road, Newborough and the Yallourn Golf Club in Monash Road, Newborough. Moe has a horse racing club , the Moe Racing Club, which schedules around fifteen race meetings a year including
2369-481: Is likely to exceed 1,000 residences. Monash Views is a 221-lot development in final implementation off Monash Road and Coach road in the suburb of Newborough approximately five kilometres from the Moe CBD. The development plan includes a partial redevelopment of the Yallourn Golf Club which borders the estate to the north by Ogilvy-Clayton. The final size of Monash Views development through to Haunted Hills Road may exceed 1,000 residences. Another large-scale development
2472-488: Is located next to the outdoor swimming pool at the east end of Vale Street and is used for soccer . It has two rectangular pitches, one north–south and one east–west. It is the home ground for Moe United Soccer Club who play in the Latrobe Valley Soccer League . The Victorian regional leagues are the eighth level of soccer in Victoria , and the ninth nationally . A new community sports building
2575-618: Is named 'City of Moe' in honour of the town. Latrobe Valley Buslines provides local services around Moe and other cities in the Latrobe Valley. Moe is an approximate 100-minute drive from the centre of Melbourne via the Princes Freeway . Latrobe Valley Airport is approximately a twenty-minute drive. Moe is serviced by the Latrobe Valley Express newspaper, which used to include a weekly insert called
2678-623: Is nearby, and Moe is home to the annual Moe Cup horse races, the Moe Jazz Festival and the recreated historic settlement Old Gippstown . The city has locally produced Aboriginal / Koori art and is regularly home to local Australian Football and Netball Finals in the Gippsland Football & Netball Leagues and the Mid Gippsland Football League . The region is represented by Gippsland Power in
2781-609: Is on Botanic Drive in the Moe Botanic Gardens a short distance from the Moe CBD. The facility features 15 outdoor synpave courts with seven under lights for night tennis and a club house. The club is affiliated with Latrobe Valley Tennis Association Junior Competition and Loy Yang Yinnar & District Association Senior Competition. A short distance away (over the Moe-Yallourn Rail Trail to the North of
2884-533: Is on the east side at Olympic Park. The reserve is owned by government, administered by Latrobe City Council. The Olympic Pool in Moe is at the east end of Vale Street next to the Olympic Park Reserve. The Moe Outdoor Pool features a 50m Pool, Children's Pool, Diving Pool, Kiosk & Electric BBQs, Beach Volleyball Court, Change Facilities, Ample grass & shade shelters. The pool has recently undergone
2987-406: Is owned by government, administered by Latrobe City Council and has a permanently elliptical surface. The reserve has been identified as a venue for Women's T20 cricket during the 2026 Commonwealth Games held across Victoria. The reserve is named after Edward (Ted/Toby) Summerton (1917-1990) who served many years as both a Councillor and Mayor for the former City of Moe. Olympic Park in Moe
3090-702: Is part of the Moe Southside Community Precinct and includes a sports hall with side music room and stage at its northern end, community facilities and an Early Learning Centre at its southern end. The development is part of the Moe Southside Precinct development. Moe has an Australian rules football team competing in the Gippsland League , the Moe Lions, whose home ground is Ted Summerton Reserve. The reserve
3193-557: Is used here to reflect the company name) in 1959. During the Porfiriato , American-owned mining towns that settled areas mostly uninhabited areas included Cananea , El Boleo , Nacozari , Navojoa , Copala , Concordia , Santa Eulalia , Santa Rosalía de Camargo , Batopilas , and Esperanzas . Americans and Mexicans were segregated, with the 1906 Cananea strike precipitating the Mexican Revolution . Oranjemund
Yallourn - Misplaced Pages Continue
3296-642: The 1952 VFL season , a senior Australian Football League (formerly the VFL) game between Footscray and St Kilda was played at Yallourn Oval, with St Kilda being victorious. The match was organised as part of an effort by the Australian National Football Council (ANFC) to promote the sport, and the other matches in the round were played in Albury , Brisbane , Euroa , Hobart , and Sydney (all non-standard venues). The match in Yallourn
3399-536: The Latrobe Valley . Many of the houses from the town were removed, either to these nearby towns, or on occasion moved further afield. The timber-framed buildings were reclad, although most retained their characteristic Yallourn tiled roof. The SECV developed some properties, particularly in small developments in nearby Newborough where Yallourn houses were removed and samples of the conversions that were possible were showcased. These transplanted Yallourn homes remain popular with former Yallourn residents. Golfers play at
3502-654: The Moe Narracan News . The Latrobe Valley Express is delivered free to residences in the Latrobe Valley region and has a current circulation of approximately 34,128 (CAB). The Warragul & Drouin Gazette is also available for purchase. Warragul commercial radio stations 531AM 3GG and 94.3/97.9 Triple M Gippsland service this region along with all five Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) radio networks and several community and narrowcast stations. Commercial Melbourne based television networks such as
3605-534: The National Electricity Market . The local agriculture industry is involved in the production of wool and dairy products, as well as vegetable growing. Moe has a varied and wide range of sporting facilities available for use. Australian Football and Cricket Ted Summerton Reserve in the west end of Vale Street, Moe is used for Australian Football and Cricket and is a 900-metre walk south along Fowler Street to Vale Street from
3708-478: The Seven , Nine and Ten networks are all re-broadcast in the Latrobe Valley by their regional affiliates, which are Seven , WIN Television and Southern Cross 10 , respectively. All three channels have local commercials placed on their broadcasts and WIN TV also broadcasts a state-wide regional news bulletin from Monday to Friday at 5:30 p.m. New channels broadcast by the commercial networks in addition to
3811-611: The Supreme Court of Illinois forced the Pullman Company to divest ownership in the town, which was annexed to Chicago. However, government observers maintained that Pullman's principles accurately provided his employees with a quality of life otherwise unattainable. Still, they recognized that his excessive paternalism was inappropriate for a large-scale corporate economy and thus caused the town's downfall. Accordingly, government observers and social reformers alike saw
3914-689: The TAC Cup competition. A small gold discovery was made in 1852. The small settlement on the Narracan Creek was a stopover en route to the Walhalla goldfields further north. A Post Office opened on 17 March 1862. In 1878 the Shire of Narracan was proclaimed, and the railway arrived from Morwell . Moe railway station was a key station, with a roundhouse , and connections to the now-closed Walhalla , Thorpdale and Yallourn lines. The town
4017-626: The Ter and Llobregat and their tributaries. In Berguedà , for example, within 20 km, there are 14 colonies. The total number in Catalonia is around a hundred. These were small towns created around a factory or mine, built in a rural area, and, therefore, separate from any other population. They typically housed between 100 and 500 inhabitants; in some cases, upwards of 1000 people lived in these towns. These industrial colonies were an emblematic aspect of industrialization in Catalonia, specifically,
4120-509: The 1880s. She says they: Thus, the Pullman Strike did not kill the company town concept but rather initiated a new chapter in their existence. Over the next thirty years, the old model of paternalism was abandoned in favour of new professionally designed company towns with architects, landscape architects, and planners translating "new concepts of industrial relations and social welfare into new physical forms". This suited capitalists of
4223-490: The 1960s due to their inflexible capital structure and social changes, such as the desire for workers to own appliances, cars, or homes, the declining influence of religion, and the opportunities offered by towns. The colonies gradually emptied of people even before the definitive industrial crisis, which worsened in 1978. In the 1980s and 1990s, almost all the factories in these industrial colonies closed. From that moment on, many colonies became towns that were now independent of
Yallourn - Misplaced Pages Continue
4326-532: The 1960s, with the line then being used primarily to haul briquettes from the Yallourn briquette factory . When the factory closed, the line was used to haul briquettes from the Morwell factory to Yallourn, as briquettes were used as the initial fuel when lighting the furnaces in the power station until enough steam was generated to dry the brown coal used as the main fuel. Closure of the line occurred in 1986 when
4429-490: The 6,000 company employees and an equal number of dependents. Employees were not required to live in Pullman, although workers tended to get better treatment if they chose to live there. The town operated successfully until the economic panic of 1893 when demand for the company's products declined, and Pullman lowered employee wages and hours to offset the decrease in demand. Despite this, the company refused to lower rents in
4532-518: The Amazon rainforest of Brazil. It was intended to be inhabited by 10,000 people, but it failed, and the city was abandoned in 1934. Arvida, Quebec was developed in 1927 as a company town. The town grew to have a population of about 14,000 inhabitants, four Catholic parishes, and many other denominations, parishes, and schools. It was known as "the City Built in 135 Days". Batawa was set up by
4635-599: The Bata Shoe Company as a planned community around a shoe factory. The factory opened in 1939 and closed in 2000. Two of Chile's UNESCO World Heritage Sites correspond to former company towns. Humberstone was a settlement dedicated to the extraction of saltpeter during said commodity's boom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The town was founded and administered by James Thomas Humberstone 's Peru Nitrate Company, later acquired by Compañía Salitrera de Tarapacá y Antofagasta (COSATAN), before turning into
4738-793: The Botanic Gardens) is the Latrobe Indoor Tennis Centre in Haigh Street, Moe featuring five indoor courts. Nearby Mount Baw Baw and Mount St Gwinear are popular destinations for snow sports, with Mount Baw Baw having a small ski resort and Mount St Gwinear used for cross-country skiing . V/Line runs a passenger rail service to Moe station as part of the Traralgon and Gippsland V/Line rail services which runs to Melbourne's major stations Southern Cross and Flinders Street . Currently, services that run to
4841-543: The Cadbury factory to this new site to provide their employees with improved living conditions and a country environment that they could enjoy – a far cry from Birmingham's busy, smoky city centre. The firm provided education as a compulsory academic course, and workers were allowed to complete commercial or technical training. The Cadburys also encouraged their workers to get involved in the social life of Bournville by providing sports facilities, athletic and cultural clubs, and social events such as summer parties. George Cadbury ,
4944-539: The Latrobe Valley are listed as Traralgon services. Moe is approximately 1 hour and 40 minutes from the CBD of Melbourne by train. The V/Line rail line to the Latrobe Valley has recently been upgraded by the State Government of Victoria for fast-rail; future express services from Melbourne's CBD to the Latrobe Valley could cut the travel time to Moe to 1 hour and 15 minutes. One of V/line's N class locomotives , N475,
5047-790: The Moe Cup meeting in October. The racecourse is in Waterloo Road within walking distance of the centre of Moe. Yallourn Bowling Club is on the corner of Monash Road and Coach Road in Newborough and is host of the TRUenergy Classic Singles tournament. Moe Bowling Club is on the corner of Saviges Road and Waterloo Road in Moe, a very short walk from the Moe Train Station and CBD. The Moe Tennis Club
5150-475: The Moe V/line train station and CBD. The reserve is undergoing development and has recently had an upgrading of its facilities including an upgrade to the players facilities, preparation of the surrounds of the playing surface for spectator stands to be constructed, spectator terracing, new South Street entrance gate, upgraded scoreboard, and the development of a shared community facility called Moe P.L.A.C.E on
5253-585: The Roosevelt administration's New Deal dealt the final blow to end American company towns by raising minimum wages, encouraging industrial self-governance, and pushing for the owners of company towns to "consider the question of plans for eventual employee ownership of homes". To a lesser extent the New Deal also reduced the need for employee housing by transforming housing finance to a lower-interest, lower-deposit system, making homeownership more accessible to
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#17327936961115356-497: The SECV by a Town Advisory Council that was established in 1947. Houses within the town were constructed to a limited number of designs but these were varied by differing external detailing and surface finishes. A brick and tile manufacturing plant was built near the town and produced a characteristic terracotta roofing tile which was used to clad most homes. The pitch of the roof structure and overhanging eaves remained similar throughout
5459-447: The SECV decided to demolish the town to make way for further mining. Despite an attempted green ban to save the town, by 1983 demolition was complete, the underlying brown coal reserves being used to feed the Yallourn W Power Station . Many of the people who were relocated from Yallourn built homes in Moe , Morwell , Newborough , Traralgon , Yallourn North and other surrounding towns in
5562-399: The SECV. Residents were charged below market rentals and the SECV adopted the role of paternalistic landlord in addition to its role as employer to the majority of the town's income earners. The conflicts this created caused continuing concern throughout the life of the town. For the majority of the town's life, citizen involvement was limited, residents being represented in their dealings with
5665-577: The adjacent region classified as Yallourn had a population of 251. The town was planned by A.R. La Gerche, the State Electricity Commission's Architect. It is sometimes mistakenly thought to have been designed by Walter Burley Griffin , who planned Canberra , Australia's capital city. The design of Yallourn incorporated lessons learnt from the early UK garden cities of Welwyn Garden City and Letchworth Garden City inspired by Ebenezer Howard . The design of Yallourn established
5768-517: The closure of the township in the 1970s, Yallourn SC amalgamated with nearby Newborough United and today still exists as the Newborough-Yallourn United , which celebrated its 100 year anniversary in 2023. For the centenary season, the club adopted a commemorative 'Yallourn' emblem and wore the original Yallourn SC's red jersey with a distinctive 'Y' emblazoned on the front of the kit, as per the original club. In June 1952, during
5871-601: The company owner, who could shape the lifestyle and activities of his employees to serve his interests and those of the company. Model villages for agricultural workers were founded in the early 19th century in the United Kingdom. The creation of model company towns was particularly evident in Britain during the latter half of the nineteenth century with the creation of Saltaire (1851), Bournville , Port Sunlight , Creswell and New Earswick (1901) and coincided with
5974-411: The company town can be devastating. Without a source of employment, the communities lose property value and population as people leave to find work elsewhere. Paternalism , a subtle form of social engineering , refers to the control of workers by their employers who seek to force middle-class ideals upon their working-class employees. Many nineteenth-century business people considered paternalism as
6077-487: The company, others were abandoned and remain without inhabitants. Other factories were leased to smaller industries or now lie empty. Some of the more interesting colonies include: Colònia Güell , in Santa Coloma de Cervelló , which contains several modernist buildings, such as the crypt church built by Antoni Gaudí ; L'Ametlla de Merola , Puig-reig , where centenary traditional cultural activities are held, such as
6180-589: The countryside and low-density development with well-built and visually appealing dwellings. Unlike Port Sunlight, Bournville catered for a mixed community, where residences were not restricted to the workforce only. Bournville illustrated how, towards the end of the nineteenth century, low-density development was being punctuated along with the provision of open air, space, and sunlight. Bournville's gardens, parks, tree-lined streets, sense of spaciousness, and country setting enhanced its aesthetic appeal and demonstrated George Cadbury's endeavour to provide workers with
6283-527: The course of the Yallourn Golf Club on Golf Links Road in neighbouring Yallourn Heights. Yallourn is widely credited as being among the catalyst for the success of soccer in the Latrobe Valley, fielding many organised teams in the Latrobe Valley Soccer League , including the Yallourn Soccer Club - which in the 1950s had as many as 15 teams, including 12 schoolboy teams - and smaller clubs, such as Red Triangle Yallourn (composed of workers from
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#17327936961116386-505: The day who were keen to avoid the experiences of Pullman. The first real example occurred at Indian Hill-North Village, Massachusetts , in 1915. By the 1920s, the need for company towns had declined significantly due to increased national affluence. Despite income inequalities and a relatively low standard of living conditions amongst factory laborers, the prosperity of the 1920s saw workers' material well-being improve significantly. A strong post-war American economy meant installment buying
6489-468: The early years of these model industrial villages, the Bolsover Company organized various events intended to enhance community life, such as flower shows, lectures, sporting events, concerts, teas, and dances. Catalonia , located in north-eastern Spain, has an especially high density of company towns, known locally as industrial colonies. They are especially concentrated in river basins along
6592-579: The five years to 2018. It is administered by the Latrobe City Council . Moe was originally known as The Mowie , then Little Moi . The town's name is believed to derive from a Kurnai (local Indigenous) word meaning "swamp land". Moe is a navigation point and stopover for tourists en route to Erica , the historic goldfields township of Walhalla , the Walhalla Goldfields Railway and Mount Baw Baw . Lake Narracan
6695-460: The housing-reform movement, which emphasized the improvement of housing for the working class. These model towns contrasted with the overcrowded conditions in British working-class districts, which were often characterized by congested housing, unsanitary conditions, and poor provision of open space and facilities. Model company towns promoted the idea of orderly, planned town development as well as
6798-442: The idea of 'laissez-faire' individualism, which promoted entrepreneurial virtues of hard work being rewarded rather than direct charity, began to shape new-age paternalism. Modernization and the increase in material well-being had also lessened the perceived need for paternalism and moral reform. Consequently, the economic downturn of the early 1930s saw some businesses do away with employee welfare schemes to reduce costs. However,
6901-580: The majority funded by the SECV. A close community spirit developed within the town, in part through enthusiastic usage of the excellent facilities. The Yallourn railway line was opened to the town in January 1922 as a branch junctioning at Hernes Oak on the Gippsland railway line ; this line was replaced by a one on an easier gradient extending east from Moe in September 1953, which was electrified in 1955. The local railway station closed to passengers in
7004-528: The mass communication of radio saw the isolation of company towns lessen, and the social basis of the company town became less necessary. Furthermore, the accessibility of private transport to the working class was a step toward equality, as private transport had previously only been accessible to the wealthy. As access to surrounding municipalities increased, residents of company towns gained access to an increasing amount of government-funded public resources such as schools, libraries, and parks. Accordingly, there
7107-431: The need for a balance between control and well-designed towns, concluding that a model company town would only succeed if independent professionals, acting as a buffer between employers and employees, took a role in conception, planning, and management of these towns. Historian Linda Carlson argues that the managers of corporate towns in the early 20th century believed they could avoid the mistakes made by George Pullman in
7210-591: The notion of preparing for the needs of the community to provide healthier living conditions. Model company towns around the mid-nineteenth century, such as Copley (1849), near Halifax , and Saltaire (1853), close to Bradford , had improved dwellings for workers, which contrasted with working-class housing in other industrial villages and cities. These model company towns prompted the creation of others, such as Port Sunlight, Bournville, and Creswell, within an environment of reform. Port Sunlight (1888) in Cheshire
7313-538: The ones listed above are available on the digital service called Freeview to viewers in Moe and the Gippsland and Latrobe Valley region. These channels include 10 Bold , 10 Peach , 7two , 7mate , 9Gem and 9Go! . Most Melbourne channels (Seven Network, Channel Nine, Channel Ten) are digital in Moe with a suitable roof-top antenna. Both national public broadcasters , ABC —including channels ABC , ABC TV Plus , ABC Me , ABC News —and Special Broadcasting Service —including SBS and SBS Viceland , are broadcast to
7416-485: The perimeter, night lighting for the athletics track and indoor sports halls featuring four full-sized indoor basketball courts that are utilised by local basketball, netball, volleyball and badminton associations. The complex also has ample parkland around it and the Newborough Football Ground is also adjacent to the complex. Lake Narracan is located immediately to the north of Moe. Lake Narracan
7519-537: The previous Moe High School location becoming a housing estate. On the night of the 2011 census there were 15,292 residing in the Moe urban centre: 51.7% female and 48.3% male. At the time Moe had an Indigenous ( Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander ) population of 1.4%, whilst 79.8% of the overall population were Australian born caucasians. The other main countries of origin were: England (4%), Netherlands (1.5%), Scotland (1.2%), Germany (1.1%) and Malta (1.1%). Moe Railway Precinct Revitalisation Project: A clock tower
7622-405: The property borderline between the reserve and the adjacent South Street Primary School, far enough back from the eastern wing of the playing surface for a future spectator stand. The Moe P.L.A.C.E. facility is accessible from both Ted Summerton Reserve and South Street Primary School seeing as it has S.S.P.S on one side and Ted Summerton Reserve on the other, and was completed in 2011. The facility
7725-444: The remaining supply lines in the CBD underground in the future. Moe has three large urban housing developments. Mitchell Grove (off Mitchells Road) is a two-kilometre walk west of the CBD of Moe and has two residential housing stages (Mitchell Grove Stage 1 & Mitchell Views) next to a newly completed artificial wetland. The first entrance street to the new development has been named Discovery Boulevarde. Mitchell Grove development
7828-693: The representation of Els Pastorets ; the three colonies of Castellbell i el Vilar : La Bauma , El Borràs , El Burés , with buildings of architectural interest; Cal Rosal , between Berga , Avià and Olvan , which, in 1858, was the first colony in the era of building large colonies in the Llobregat; Cal Vidal , Puig-reig, which houses the Museum of the Vidal Colony, or the Museum of the Sedó Colony, ideal visits for anyone wishing to learn what life
7931-469: The second industrialization, which resulted in certain areas that were once purely rural becoming industrial. They were first created in the second half of the nineteenth century, especially in the 1870s after the American Civil War ended and raw cotton again became readily available. The last colonies were created in the early years of the twentieth century. Thus, company towns in Catalonia have
8034-747: The slopes of the Andes . The problematic geography on which the town was erected led to its distinctive appearance, with steep staircases and no streets for vehicular access. Although the El Teniente mine remains active, the town itself began to be dismantled and abandoned by the late 1960s as the maintenance of a remote on-site town was no longer financially viable. Some industrial activities still occur on Sewell's grounds, but workers have primarily been relocated to nearby urban centres. Kuusankoski in Finland, formerly also known as "the paper capital of Finland",
8137-517: The textile-related ones) were mostly constructed close to a river. This was because they used hydraulic power (waterwheels) to run the factory. One reason for this was that Catalonia was poor in coal, and importing it was expensive. In addition, the Catalan rivers (with little volume but a very steep sloping run) provided free and almost inexhaustible energy, which was lacking only in times of drought. The industrial colonies' system began to collapse in
8240-450: The town either work in the factory, work in one of the smaller businesses, or are family members of someone who does. The company may also operate parks , host cultural events such as concerts, donate a church building to a local congregation, etc. A town that existed before establishing a primary business may not officially be a company town. Still, if a single company employs most citizens, similar conditions may exist (especially regarding
8343-614: The town or the price of goods at its shops, thus resulting in the Pullman Strike of 1894. A national commission formed to investigate the causes of the strikes found that Pullman's paternalism was partly to blame and labeled it "Un-American". The report condemned Pullman for refusing to negotiate and for the economic hardships he created for workers in the town of Pullman. "The aesthetic features are admired by visitors, but have little money value to employees, especially when they lack bread." The State of Illinois filed suit, and in 1898,
8446-472: The town was consolidated into Kouvola's regional capital. The French city of Le Creusot is a company town. Leverkusen was founded in 1861 around Carl Leverkus ' dye factory that later became the headquarters of Bayer . The city of Ludwigshafen has been dominated by BASF 's plants since the chemical company moved here in 1865. The neighboring municipality Limburgerhof also emerged from housing estates for BASF workers. Neuölsburg , built since 1875 for
8549-729: The town's East and West Camps) and the Yallourn YMCA. In 1947 Yallourn Soccer Club was granted entry into the Men's State League. After winning promotion in 1950 to the highest division in the Victorian State League , Yallourn was crowned Victorian Champions in 1951. Yallourn won the league title by four points, losing only once all season. The Club's local LVSL team also won league championships in 1964 and 1996 and four Battle of Britain Cups (1954, 1964, 1965 and 1966). With
8652-525: The town's economy). Similar dependencies may exist in specific neighborhoods or areas within larger cities . Company towns often become regular (public) cities and towns as they grow and attract other settlements, business enterprises, and public transportation and services infrastructure. However, if the primary company experiences hardship or fails outright, or the industry fades in importance—such as when anthracite mining declined due to dependence on steam locomotives to spur demand—the economic effect on
8755-472: The town, providing a common theme without the sameness characteristic of English garden city developments. The homes were placed on large plots, typically of 1000 m, the design brief from General Sir John Monash, the initial SECV chairman requiring that each plot should have sufficient land to permit the tenant to keep a horse and a garden. The town boasted outstanding public facilities many years in advance of similar rural or suburban communities of similar size,
8858-425: The transport of briquettes shifted to trucks. Yallourn Post Office opened on 8 October 1923 (being renamed from Western Camp which opened the previous year) and closed in 1980 when the town was removed. An earlier Yallourn Post Office opened in 1921 and was renamed Eastern Camp in 1923. Another Western Camp Post Office opened in 1924 and closed in 1968. At its peak the town's population reached 5000. However, in 1968
8961-534: The workers of Ilseder Hütte , was a separate municipality until 1964. Many other companies, especially in the mining and steel industry, built housing estates for their workers near existing cities rather than separate company towns. A notable example is Siedlung Eisenheim in Oberhausen from the mid-19th century, once home to 1200 steel smelters of the Gutehoffnungshütte , which is now protected as
9064-566: The working class. During the late nineteenth century, model company towns materialized as enlightened industrialists recognized that many poor workers were living in appalling conditions. These industrialists wished to combat the unsanitary and congested conditions common to working-class districts to create better living conditions for workers. Model company towns such as Port Sunlight (1888) and Bournville (1895) were influential in regards to their building and planning innovation. The ideas generated from these model towns are regarded as having
9167-471: The world's first purpose-built company towns. It was abandoned in 1954 after the mine was closed. It currently houses a museum of contemporary art and temporary exhibitions. Grand-Hornu is one of the four industrial sites in Wallonia that were listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 2012. Fordlândia was established by American industrialist Henry Ford in 1928 as a prefabricated industrial town in
9270-497: Was a large open parkland and a bandstand. Not only did the Bolsover Company aim to provide better housing, but they also wished to improve workers' moral fibre, believing that the provision of facilities and the promotion of workers' welfare would discourage drunkenness, gambling, and bad language. The Bolsover Company provided facilities deemed beneficial for employees at both villages, including clubhouses, bowling greens, cooperative society stores, cricket pitches, and schools. During
9373-436: Was accessible to low-wage earners who could now purchase previously unattainable goods like automobiles and radios. Moreover, workers were no longer dependent on employers for healthcare and education. By the 1920s, widespread ownership of automobiles meant workers no longer needed to live near their workplaces and now had access to more employment opportunities. A combination of the freedom that came with private transport and
9476-604: Was affected by rain, but still drew a crowd estimated at 3,500 people. 38°11′S 146°20′E / 38.183°S 146.333°E / -38.183; 146.333 In 1974 the SECV made a living history documentary about Yallourn, Born to Die . In June 2008, the ABC Radio program Hindsight presented a two-hour radio documentary about the history of Yallourn, The Model Town and the Machine: A History of Yallourn . The Weddings, Parties, Anything song Industrial town
9579-515: Was built from scratch, housing the workers of the Eisenhüttenkombinat Ost ironworks. In Japan , an equivalent to company towns are " Kigyō Jōkamachi " ( 企業城下町 , Company castle town ). However, these differ from company towns because the companies do not own or develop them. Instead, the term refers to towns where a specific company has a major influence on the town's economy due to that company or its subcontractors employing
9682-485: Was constructed in 2012 incorporating two bronze clocks that chime on the hour. The clocks were manufactured in Moe by local clockmaker Alan Cox. Electricity supply lines on George Street (one of Moe's main streets that intersects with Moore Street from Saviges Road to Anzac Road) have recently been placed underground at a cost of over $ 2 million. The undergrounding included the installation of new street lighting and two 66 kV distribution boxes which will be used to place
9785-487: Was established by William Hesketh Lever (later Lord Leverhulme) of Lever Brothers – a soap and tallow manufacturer. The earlier layout of this model company town was planned to suit the site's undulating topography. Port Sunlight catered for the Lever Brothers employees with improved housing (cottages of varying designs and materials) and gardens, as well as social and community facilities, including an auditorium,
9888-406: Was exhibited in his desire to provide an environment for his employees that was aesthetically appealing and which included well-designed residences, parks, schools, libraries, and meeting halls. The industrialist also wished to contribute to his workers' well-being by providing social programs such as sporting events and functions. This, however, highlights the power and immense control possessed by
9991-400: Was like in one of these industrial experiments. Having bought the mining concession of Grand-Hornu in 1810, French industrialist Henri De Gorge soon realized the need to accommodate the growing workforce of his expanding business. He commissioned architect François Obin and, after his death, Bruno Renard , to build a functional complex in a neoclassical style. Grand-Hornu became one of
10094-428: Was no longer a need for the amenities of company towns which, before welfare capitalism , had previously been unattainable to the working class. This new-found freedom saw a change in the mindset of workers, who began to look at welfare capitalism as demeaning rather than an incentive. Accordingly, many employees started to request additional pay instead of welfare programs. This was well received by some employers as
10197-630: Was often an economically viable ploy to attract and retain workers. Additionally, for-profit shops within company towns were usually owned by the company, which was unavoidable to its isolated workers, thus resulting in a monopoly for the owners. Although economically successful, company towns sometimes failed politically due to lacking elected officials and municipally owned services. Accordingly, workers often had no say in local affairs, and therefore felt dictated to. Ultimately, this political climate caused resentment amongst workers and resulted in many residents losing long-term affection for their towns; such
10300-462: Was originally around 1900, built by the mining company in an unpopulated area. Many buildings, including the church, were built by the company. Many smaller towns were built and even planned by companies. Skoghall in Värmland is such an example where Stora AB owned a papermill and contained a city-planning office. Moe, Victoria Moe ( / ˈ m oʊ i / MOH -ee )
10403-456: Was privately owned by De Beers until 2017 and thus governed by the diamond mining company's administration. In 2011, the political administration was handed over to the government , which proclaimed it a town. It is now governed by a seven-seat town council. During South African Apartheid , a form of company towns existed under the contract labor system in Namibia, then South West Africa ,
10506-521: Was surveyed in 1879. Moe was declared a city in 1963. A major local industry is based around the brown coal deposits in the Latrobe Valley east of Moe and electricity generation. The area is also noted for its dairy industry. Moe High School opened in 1953, with the Official opening in November of the same year. The school was closed and merged into Lowanna Secondary College in 1994, with
10609-590: Was the case at Pullman. Although many small company towns existed in mining areas of Pennsylvania before the American Civil War , one of the most significant and most substantial early company towns in the United States was Pullman , developed in the 1880s just outside the Chicago city limits. The entirely company-owned town provided housing, markets, a library, churches, and entertainment for
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