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29-639: In 1983 Yamaha created a V4 power package that began the Yamaha Venture motorcycle series. The first in the series was the Venture Royale produced from 1983 to 1993. Yamaha discontinued the design until 1996 when Yamaha resurrected the Venture power package and produced a cruiser style motorcycle called the Royal Star . The Royal Star was produced until 2001. In 1999 Yamaha again brought out

58-637: A 130 hp (97 kW) two-stroke V4 to the US market with what was called "precision blend" oil injection. Most of the outboard motors are usually two-stroke engines with a carburetor. In 1935, the Wisconsin Motor Manufacturing Company began producing petrol (gasoline) V4 engines for industrial, agricultural, and stationary applications, with several farm equipment manufacturers using the Wisconsin V4 engines. In 1950,

87-447: A 69.85 mm × 78 mm (2.75 in × 3.07 in) bore and stroke. Power output was 35 PS (26 kW; 35 hp) at 4000 rpm. The engine was redesigned again for 1936's Aprilia . The first-series cars used a 1.4 L (1,352 cc) version with a 72 mm × 82 mm (2.83 in × 3.23 in) bore and stroke. Output was 47 PS (35 kW; 46 hp) at 4300 rpm. A second series

116-509: A 72 mm × 67 mm (2.83 in × 2.64 in) bore and stroke. A higher (9.0:1) compression ratio raised power to 71 PS (52 kW; 70 hp) soon after. The engine was bored to 76 mm (2.99 in) to enlarge engine displacement to 1.2 L (1,216 cc) for the Coupé model. This, and some tuning, raised output to 80 PS (59 kW; 79 hp), further enhanced up to 88 PS (65 kW; 87 hp) for

145-628: A heavier flywheel. Using split crankpins in a 60° V4, as used on the Ford Essex V4 engine and Ford Taunus V4 engines , results in an even firing order. The earliest automotive use of V4 engines were in Grand Prix racing (later called 'Formula One') cars. One of the pioneering V4 engines was in the 1898 Mors rear-engined car built in France. At the time, the lack of vibration from the V4 engine

174-670: A large full touring motorcycle known as the Royal Star Venture , again using a variation of the Venture power package. In 2005 Yamaha introduced the Royal Star Tour Deluxe , which is the Royal Star Venture without the fairing, radios, or trunk. In 1985 Yamaha introduced the V-Max . The first generation V-Max power package was a modified version of the one used in the Venture Royale. The Royale model

203-489: A narrower V-angle could be utilized, such as 60 degrees. Although a 60° V4 is more compact than a 90° V4 engine, the 60° design does not have perfect primary balance (if the crankpins are not split) and, therefore, often require a balance shaft to reduce vibrations similar to the V6 engines . Additionally, any (four-stroke) V4 engine with shared crankpins will fire unevenly which will result in more vibration and potentially require

232-460: A number of V4-engine families, that were produced from the 1920s through 1970s. The Lancia V4 pioneered the narrow-angle V engine design, more recently seen in Volkswagen's VR5 and VR6 engines. By using very shallow V-angles — between 10° and 20° — both rows of cylinders could be housed in an engine block with a single cylinder head , like a straight engine . A determining characteristic

261-428: A perfect primary balance and offers the additional advantage of better secondary balance that reduces vibration. The shorter crankshaft of the V4 engine is less susceptible to the effects of torsional vibration due to its increased stiffness and also because of fewer supports suffers less friction losses. Disadvantages of V4 engines include its design being inherently wider compared to inline-4 engines, as well as

290-603: Is based on the Venture with additional accessories and weight. This motorcycle, scooter or moped-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . V4 engine A V4 engine is a four-cylinder piston engine where the cylinders share a common crankshaft and are arranged in a V configuration . The V4 engine is less common compared to straight-four engines . However, V4 engines have been used in automobiles, motorcycles, and other applications. Some V4 engines have two crankpins that are shared by opposing cylinders. The crankshaft

319-427: Is popular for outboard marine applications due to its short engine length. In 1958, both Johnson and Evinrude introduced 70.7 cu in (1,159 cc) V4 outboards rated at 50 hp (37 kW) and weighing 200 lb (91 kg). By 1972, the same basic V4 block was producing more than double the horsepower in stock form because of the experience manufacturers gained from racing. In 1988, Yamaha introduced

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348-400: Is usually supported by three main bearings in this type of engines. However this arrangement results an uneven firing engine. Split crankpins are preferred for even firing intervals. Compared to the more common inline-four engine layout, a V4 engine is much shorter. Although different V angles can be used, if the two pistons are at a 90° V-angle with shared crankpins, the engine also achieves

377-561: The French Grand Prix after just four laps, however, it later set a speed record of 164 km/h (102 mph). The first V4 engine used in production cars was the Lancia V4 engine that was first used in the 1922 Lancia Lambda . The Lancia engine was a narrow-angle design with an angle of 20 degrees between the banks and a single cylinder head with one overhead camshaft shared by both banks. It also used aluminium for both

406-763: The HF model. The engine was re-engineered with a slightly narrower bank angle and longer 69.7 mm (2.74 in) stroke for 1967. Three displacements were produced: 1.2 L (1,199 cc) 74 mm (2.91 in) bore, 1.2 L (1,231 cc) 75 mm (2.95 in) bore, and 1.3 L (1,298 cc) 77 mm (3.03 in) bore. The latter engine is most common, with the first unit only sold in Greece. Three levels of performance were available: 87 PS (64 kW; 86 hp) for common 1.3 Liter (commonly imported in USA and described as "highly tuned" by Road & Track at

435-517: The Taunus engine, the Essex also was a 60-degree V4 with water cooling, overhead valves, and designed for use in front-engined cars/vans. The Porsche 919 Hybrid LMP1 racing car used in the 2014–2017 seasons used a 2.0 L (122 cu in) 90-degree turbocharged V4 engine that was mid-mounted. One of the first motorcycles powered by a V4 engine was the 1931–1935 Matchless Silver Hawk built in

464-540: The United Kingdom. The Silver Hawk used a narrow-angle 16-degree V4 engine with a single cylinder head, pushrod valve actuation, and air cooling. The 1936–1938 Puch P800 was built in Austria for both civilian and military uses. The P800 used a very wide-angle 170-degree V4 engine (therefore being close in appearance to a flat-four engine) with two cylinder heads and air cooling. V4 engines were used during

493-531: The block and head (which was unusual for the time). Lancia produced V4 engines until 1976, when they were replaced by flat-four engines. The 1960–1994 ZAZ Zaporozhets is a Soviet city-type car that used a rear-mounted V4 engine. This engine was based on the design used in the LuAZ-967 amphibious military vehicle. It featured air-cooling with a magnesium block and was produced in displacements from 0.7–1.2 L (43–73 cu in). The AMC Air-cooled 108

522-469: The largest Wisconsin V4 engine was the VR4D with a displacement of 255 cu in (4.2 L) and a power output of 56.5 hp (42 kW) at 3000 rpm and a peak torque of 162 lb⋅ft (220 N⋅m) at 1250 rpm. The company produced V4 engines until 2019. In the mid-1940s, Turner Manufacturing in the United Kingdom produced a diesel water-cooled V4 engine for industrial and marine uses. This engine

551-422: The mid-to-late 1980s, especially in transverse-engined Honda motorcycles that had a 90-degree V4 engine with water cooling. The majority MotoGP manufacturers chose the V4 configuration for their bikes since 2020. These include: The reasons for this are that compared to traditional firing order inline four engines, V4 engines Another use of the V4 engine is in outboard motors for boats. The V4 configuration

580-613: The requirement of two exhaust manifolds, two-cylinder heads, and two valvetrains (thus needing two sets of camshafts for overhead cam engines) rather than only one cylinder head, one manifold, one valvetrain, and one set of camshafts for an inline-four engine. Having two separate banks of components increases cost and complexity in comparison with inline four engines. Because V4 engines are wider than inline-four engines, incorporating auxiliary drives, inlet systems, and exhaust systems while maintaining an overall compact size may be more difficult like other V-type engines. In order to reduce width,

609-641: Was a 108 cu in (1.8 L) engine built from 1960 to 1963 for use in the lightweight M422 Mighty Mite military vehicle. The M422 developed was by American Motors Corporation (AMC) in the United States and specifically designed to be transported by helicopter. Beginning in the 1960s, Ford's European divisions produced two unrelated V4 engines. The first was the Ford Taunus V4 engine , produced in Germany from 1962 to 1981. The Taunus

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638-518: Was a 60-degree V4 engine with water cooling and overhead valves. Initially designed for use in front-engined cars, it was used in various Ford models and also used in the front-wheel-drive Saab 95 , Saab 96 , and Saab Sonett models. It was also used in the mid-engine Matra 530 sports car. The second Ford V4 engine was the Ford Essex V4 engine , produced in the United Kingdom from 1965 to 1977 and used in several Ford Corsair, Capri, Consul, Zephyr, and Transit models. Although designed separately from

667-402: Was a key selling point. However, the car's V4 engine was replaced by a conventional inline-four engine by 1901. In the 1907 French Grand Prix , the car entered by J. Walter Christie used a 19,891 cc (1,214 cu in) V4 engine, the largest engine ever used in a Grand Prix race. The engine was mounted transversely in the front and the car was front-wheel drive. The car retired from

696-500: Was available in 1959. Lancia's final V4 series were used in the Fulvia , remaining in production up until 1976. Designed by Ettore Zaccone Mina, it used a narrow angle (13°) and was mounted well forward at a 45° angle. The engine was a true DOHC design with one camshaft operating all intake valves and another operating all exhaust valves. Displacement began at just 1.1 L (1,091 cc) with 59 PS (43 kW; 58 hp) with

725-500: Was just 28.8 PS (21.2 kW; 28.4 hp) at 4600 rpm. For the 1949 tipo 100B power was increased to 30 PS (22 kW; 30 hp). The V4 returned after the war with the 1953 Appia . It featured an even narrower 10° cylinder bank and just 1.1 L (1,090 cc) of displacement, fitting below Italy's 1.1-liter tax threshold. An initial 38 PS (28 kW; 37 hp) of power grew to 43 PS (32 kW; 42 hp) in 1956. 48 PS (35 kW; 47 hp)

754-522: Was the use of overhead camshafts (either single or double), in which a camshaft would serve the same function for all cylinders — in both cylinder banks. The first V4 was used in the Lambda from 1922 through 1931. It was a 20° narrow-angle aluminium design. All three engine displacements shared the same long 120 mm (4.72 in) stroke, and all were SOHC designs with a single camshaft serving both banks of cylinders. Engines: The Lambda engine

783-534: Was unveiled for 1939 with an enlarged 1.5 L (1,486 cc) engine. It did not share its predecessor's dimensions, with bore and stroke now at 74.61 mm × 85 mm (2.94 in × 3.35 in). Power output was nearly the same at 48 PS (35 kW; 47 hp). A small V4 ( tipo 100 ) powered the compact 1939 Ardea . It was a 20° narrow-angle engine displacing just 0.9 L (903 cc). Bore and stroke were new again at 65 mm × 68 mm (2.56 in × 2.68 in), and output

812-600: Was updated for the Artena . Bore was set at 82.55 mm (3.25 in) as in the 2.6 L Lambda, but stroke was reduced to a more conventional 90 mm (3.54 in). Total displacement was 1.9 L (1,927 cc), with 55 PS (40 kW; 54 hp) produced at 4000 rpm. An all-new V4 was designed for the Augusta . Produced from 1934 through 1938, the Augusta's engine displaced 1.2 L (1,196 cc) with

841-536: Was used in the 1949–1957 Turner Yeoman of England tractor. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries built the 4ZF , an air-cooled diesel-powered V4 engine used in the Type 73 armored personnel carrier and related Japanese military vehicles since 1973. [REDACTED] Media related to V4 engines at Wikimedia Commons Lancia V4 engine Italian automobile company Lancia was the first to manufacture cars with V4 and V6 engines in series-production. This started with

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