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28-583: When the Port of Yokohama first opened to foreign trade under the terms of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce in 1859, the foreigner's settlement was initially confined to a low-lying area known as Kannai . As commercial activity in the Kannai settlement rapidly outgrew the available space, construction on the elevated Yamate Bluff started in 1862. Initially a residential area for the foreign diplomatic community, one of

56-660: A foreign government in proximity to the Emperor was threatening, even to those who supported opening to the West publicly. These demands in particular demonstrated the United States' planned role for Japan; there was to be freedom of trade, allowance for an influx of Americans, (but no expectations of Japanese coming to the United States), no interest in military concerns, and religious toleration of Japanese tradition. It

84-771: A military guard for British diplomats stationed at Yokohama was first established in 1860. In 1861 this small detachment was supplemented by Royal Marines from HMS Renard. Much larger numbers of troops of the 20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of the Foot arrived on troopship HMS  Vulcan in January 1864, together with two companies of the 2nd Baloochees from the Bombay Native Infantry . A Royal Marine battalion arrived on 25 May 1864, aboard HMS Conqueror , bringing garrison troop numbers in that year to 1,700. In subsequent years these units were replaced by members of

112-661: A reputation as an exclusive residential district today, along with the Motomachi neighborhood located at the foot of the Yamate hill. Yamate is served by Motomachi-Chūkagai Station , the terminus of the Minatomirai Line subway. Pedestrian access to and from the station and the historic properties on the Yamate ridge road is facilitated by elevators and escalators rising directly from the station on Motomachi Shopping Street to America-yama Park. Ishikawacho Station on

140-470: Is an underground railway station on the Minatomirai Line subway in Naka-ku, Yokohama , Kanagawa Prefecture , Japan, operated by the third-sector railway operating company Yokohama Minatomirai Railway Company . It is numbered "MM06", and its official name, as shown on signage in the station, is "Motomachi-Chūkagai Station (Yamashita-kōen)" ( 元町・中華街駅（山下公園） , Motomachi-Chūkagai-eki Yamashitakōen ) with

168-641: Is an underground station with a single island platform serving two terminating tracks on the fourth basement ("B4F") level. Motomachi-Chukagai Station opened on 1 February 2004, coinciding with the opening of the Minatomirai Line. In fiscal 2011, the station was used by an average of 54,172 passengers daily. JR East 's Ishikawachō Station , served by the Negishi Line , was renamed "Ishikawachō 'Motomachi-Chūkagai' Station" on 15 September 2016 to alleviate confusion on which Negishi Line station

196-429: The 9th (East Norfolk) ,11th, 67th and the 10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot . Contemporary maps produced in 1864 indicate that officer and troop accommodation, a naval hospital, stores facilities and a large parade ground stretched from the modern park area overlooking the harbour as far as the current location of Christ Church, Yokohama . Team sports, notably cricket and rugby union , were introduced to Japan for

224-950: The JR East Negishi Line provides alternative pedestrian access to sites such as the Italian Garden Park , Bluff 18 House and Ferris University . Yamate Station , also on the JR East Negishi Line, serves the Yokohama Country & Athletic Club and the site of the former Negishi Racecourse . The Yokohama Municipal Board of Education  [ ja ] operates public elementary and junior high schools. Most portions of Yamatecho are zoned to Motomachi Elementary School (元街小学校). However some portions (the following ban : 84-88, 104-176, 178, 188, and 241-245) are zoned to Kitagata Elementary School ( 北方小学校 ). The Motomachi Elementary zone and

252-467: The European powers would sail to Japan and coerce the signing of " unequal treaties ". However, the content of the treaties signed between Japan and the United States did not differ in their most essential points from unequal treaties signed between China and Western nations. The Treaty was ratified through the visit of the first Japanese Embassy to the United States in 1860. The new relationship with

280-602: The Meiji era, many senior officers of the Kannai trading companies, oyatoi gaikokujin and the diplomatic representatives of other trading nations established homes in the neighbourhood. Although many of the original foreign resident's accommodation and civic buildings were destroyed in the Great Kantō earthquake , a number of older Meiji and Taishō Period properties have been preserved and relocated to this neighbourhood. The buildings and their ornamental gardens are open to

308-690: The United States has been cited as a factor in the assassination of Ii Naosuke . The Treaty was later superseded on July 17, 1899, by the Treaty of November 22, 1894, which is about the establishment of tariff duties with respect to Japan. According to a 2017 study, the treaties reducing trade barriers between Japan and Western powers caused the GDP to increase in Japan by 7 percent in the immediate period. Motomachi-Ch%C5%ABkagai Station Motomachi-Chukagai Station ( 元町・中華街駅 , Motomachi-Chūkagai-eki )

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336-527: The United States, whom they knew possessed a far superior military than anything found in Japan. The result was a deepening domestic crisis; after 1858, the Shogunate was trapped between the demands of the United States and its powerful domestic enemies. However, Townsend Harris ' terms were much more demanding than Perry's. Harris claimed that the laws of Japan were "very peculiar" and it would be unfair for foreigners to live under such rule. Article III of

364-515: The West. Most Japanese were familiar with the humiliating Chinese defeat in the First Opium War , but they were divided on how and when they would inevitably open their ports. Both camps did agree that trade should be handled by Japanese going overseas instead of foreigners coming into Japan and violating the country's seclusion laws. Many of those Tokugawan officials who agreed to the Treaty of Kanagawa did so in an effort to avoid war with

392-553: The depths of the Japanese islands for the benefit of the human family." The idea of "Manifest Destiny" as an imperialistic measure outside of North America was not introduced as a significant idea until the Republican bid for office in 1892, thereby suggesting, in practicality, a mere economic interest in Japan, as it held coal reserves in key locations for Pacific trade. The Convention of Kanagawa mediated by Commodore Perry

420-583: The first structures to be built on the Bluff was the residence of the British Consul-General, Sir Rutherford Alcock . From 1862 until 1875, British diplomatic and commercial interests were protected by a troop garrison stationed at Yamate at the crest of the hill overlooking the harbour, a location that now serves as Harbour View Park . After a series of attacks on the British legation at Yedo

448-565: The first time on the parade ground by British service personnel. Conditions in the camp varied greatly; while the wooden huts of the 20th regiment afforded greater protection from the vagaries of the weather, bell tents assigned to the Marine Battalion provided little protection against the torrential rain and humidity of the Yokohama summer. Detailed Royal Navy medical records of the period reported frequent smallpox outbreaks among

476-516: The important matter of trading rights to Townsend Harris , another US envoy who negotiated with the Tokugawa shogunate ; the treaty is therefore often referred to as the "Harris Treaty". It took two years to break down Japanese resistance, but with the realization that demands for similar privileges would soon follow from other Western powers, the Tokugawa government eventually capitulated. Among

504-400: The most important points were: The agreement served as a model for similar treaties signed by Japan with other foreign countries in the ensuing weeks. These Unequal Treaties curtailed Japanese sovereignty for the first time in its history; more importantly, it revealed Japan's growing weakness. The recovery of national status and strength became an overarching priority for the Japanese, with

532-535: The portions of Yamatecho zoned to Kitagata Elementary are all zoned to Minato Junior High School ( 港中学校 ). Treaty of Amity and Commerce (United States-Japan) The Treaty of Amity and Commerce between Japan and the United States ( 日米修好通商条約 , Nichibei Shūkō Tsūshō Jōyaku ) , also called the Harris Treaty was a treaty signed between the United States and Tokugawa Shogunate , which opened

560-665: The ports of Kanagawa and four other Japanese cities to trade and granted extraterritoriality to foreigners, among a number of trading stipulations. It was signed on the deck of the USS ; Powhatan in Edo (now Tokyo) Bay on July 29, 1858. The treaty followed the 1854 Convention of Kanagawa , which granted coaling rights for American merchant ships and allowed for a US Consul in Shimoda . Although Commodore Matthew Perry secured fuel for US ships and protection for US sailors, he left

588-455: The public free of charge and serve as popular tourist attractions, many featuring tea rooms, art and seasonal ikebana exhibits. Current properties from the Meiji , Taishō and early Showa periods open to visitors include: The area features the campuses of Yokohama International School , Saint Maur International School and Ferris University . Additionally: The neighborhood still maintains

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616-645: The sub-name (Yamashita-kōen, referring to Yamashita Park ) in parentheses, although the use of this full name is limited. Motomachi-Chukagai Station is served by the underground Minatomirai Line , and is 4.1 km (2.5 mi) from the starting point of the line at Yokohama Station . Trains through-run to and from the Tokyu Toyoko Line from Shibuya Station and beyond on the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line and Tobu Tojo Line and Seibu Ikebukuro Line . Motomachi-Chukagai Station

644-453: The treaty gave Americans the right to trade and reside in Yedo (Tokyo) and Osaka without influence from the Japanese government; the treaty also allowed for consular jurisdiction in those cities opened to American trade, the free export of Japanese gold and silver, and a conventional tariff. The entrance of foreigners to the port of Edo , the shogunal capital, and the placement of an official from

672-529: The treaty's domestic consequences being the end of Bakufu (Shōgun) control and the establishment of a new imperial government. Perry's expedition to Japan was theoretically linked to the notion of manifest destiny , in which American settlers had a "God-given" right to spread across North America. The role of Japan in particular was that of a base of commerce between China and the United States. According to US Secretary of State Daniel Webster , God had placed coal for steam ships and other trading vessels "in

700-459: The troops and that a dysentery epidemic shortly after the arrival of the Marine Battalion in the summer of 1864 claimed the lives of 11 men. During the same period the French diplomatic mission also had a smaller detachment of troops located at a site adjacent to its own consular property. A French military hospital was also established at the foot of the Yamate hill. Over succeeding years during

728-475: Was a primary step to a rather forced extension of American influence in Japan. However, most problems that the Tokugawa Shogunate faced came from a division within the country between those who favored opening to the West immediately ( kaikoku ) and advocates of joi ("expel the barbarian") who favored a preservation of Japanese culture and influence until Japan could face the military threat posed by

756-426: Was merely a link in a chain of commerce that would connect North America to China. Harris' emphasis (and threat) of the inevitable defeat of the Japanese, who still proved reluctant to sign the treaty, by European powers was enough to convince many of the kaikoku members of the Tokugawa Shogunate to agree to the terms of the United States, no matter how unfavorable they were. The memory of China's overwhelming defeat

784-725: Was too close to be ignored. After reluctantly accepting the Harris Treaty, Japan quickly signed similar treaties, called the Ansei Treaties , with Russia , France , Britain , and the Netherlands . This process was hastened by the outcome of the Arrow War in 1858 in which the Chinese were once again soundly defeated by a European expeditionary force. Harris also suggested that Japan sign "honorable treaties" before

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