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33-700: In the early 1890s, the Agri-Horticultural Gardens and the Phayre Museum occupied the present site of Yangon General Hospital. The Yangon General Hospital was established in 1899 as the Rangoon General Hospital (RGH). The main building was designed by the head of the Public Works Department, Henry Hoyne-Fox, and construction started in 1904 and took five years to complete. It was fitted with all

66-681: A Thakhin leader had surfaced: a young lawyer by the name of Aung San . In 1939, the Thakhins took over the Dobama Asiayone and brought about the collapse of the government of Ba Maw , then the premier of the country. In 1940 the Thakhins and Ba Maw's Poor Man's Party merged to form the Freedom Bloc , although the DAA founded the People's Revolutionary Party in secret. In 1946 a new DAA

99-674: A paramilitary force under Aung San, called the Pyithu yèbaw tat or People's Volunteer Organisation (PVO), and were openly drilling in uniform. The absorption of the PBF was concluded successfully at the Kandy conference in Ceylon in September 1945. Thakins The Dobama Asiayone ( Burmese : တို့ဗမာအစည်းအရုံး , Dóbăma Ăsì-Ăyòun , meaning We Burmans Association , DAA), commonly known as

132-670: A secret intelligence unit called the Minami Kikan , headed by Colonel Suzuki with the objective of closing the Burma Road and supporting a national uprising. Aung San briefly returned to Burma to enlist twenty-nine young men who went to Japan with him to receive military training on Hainan , China , and they came to be known as the " Thirty Comrades ". When the Japanese occupied Bangkok in December 1941, Aung San announced

165-674: Is the Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital of University of Medicine 1, Yangon , the Yangon Institute of Nursing , and the University of Medical Technology, Yangon . In particular, it is the main teaching hospital of the University of Medicine 1, Yangon. Japanese occupation of Burma The Japanese occupation of Burma was the period between 1942 and 1945 during World War II , when Burma

198-579: The Freedom Bloc by forging an alliance of Dobama Asiayone , ABSU, politically active monks and Ba Maw's Poor Man's Party . After Dobama Asiayone called for a national uprising, an arrest warrant was issued for many of the organisation's leaders including Aung San , who escaped to China. Aung San's intention was to make contact with the Chinese Communists but he was detected by the Japanese authorities who offered him support by forming

231-620: The Thakins (Burmese: သခင် sa.hkang , IPA: [θəkʰɪ̀ɰ̃] , lit.   ' Lords ' ), was a Burmese nationalist group formed around the 1930s and composed of young, disgruntled intellectuals. Drawing their name from the way in which the British were addressed during colonial times, the party was established by Ba Thaung in May 1930, bringing together traditionalist Buddhist nationalist elements and fresh leftist political ideals. It

264-671: The Thirty Comrades , were the founding members of the Burma Independence Army, which would later number around 8000 men. When the Japanese invaded Burma in late 1941 and early 1942, the BIA marched with the Japanese to expel the British. On 1 August 1943, the Japanese granted Burma a kind of independence. The BIA was renamed the Burma National Army (BNA). Recognising that the Japanese had merely replaced

297-571: The United Kingdom to form a coalition with the other Allies against the Japanese. By April 1945, the Allies had driven out the Japanese. Subsequently, negotiations began between the Burmese and the British for independence. Under Japanese occupation, 170,000 to 250,000 civilians died. Some Burmese nationalists saw the outbreak of World War II as an opportunity to extort concessions from

330-636: The AFO and the Allies in 1944 and 1945 through the British Force 136 . On 27 March 1945, the Burma National Army rose up in a country-wide rebellion against the Japanese. 27 March had been celebrated as 'Resistance Day' until the military renamed it ' Tatmadaw (Armed Forces) Day '. Aung San and others subsequently began negotiations with Lord Mountbatten and officially joined the Allies as

363-694: The British in exchange for support in the war effort. Other Burmese, such as the Thakin movement , opposed Burma's participation in the war under any circumstances. Aung San with other Thakins founded the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) in August 1939. Aung San also co-founded the People's Revolutionary Party (PRP), renamed the Socialist Party after World War II. He was also instrumental in founding

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396-518: The DAA was not reliant on support from foreign interests or Buddhist monks, and its establishment was a significant change in Burmese political history. Its founders rejected compromise with the British authorities, and formed its own paramilitary group, the Letyon Tat. In 1935 the closely affiliated All-Burma Youth League merged into the DAA and its first conference was held in Shwebo . Following

429-640: The Japanese but still headed by Aung San. While the BIA had been an irregular force, the BDA was recruited by selection and trained as a conventional army by Japanese instructors. Ba Maw was afterwards declared head of state, and his cabinet included both Aung San as War Minister and the Communist leader Thakin Than Tun as Minister of Land and Agriculture as well as the Socialist leaders Thakins Nu and Mya. When

462-666: The Japanese declared Burma, in theory, independent in 1943, the Burma Defence Army (BDA) was renamed the Burma National Army (BNA). It soon became apparent that Japanese promises of independence were merely a sham and that Ba Maw was deceived. As the war turned against the Japanese, they declared Burma a fully sovereign state on 1 August 1943, but this was just another façade. Disillusioned, Aung San began negotiations with Communist leaders Thakin Than Tun and Thakin Soe, and Socialist leaders Ba Swe and Kyaw Nyein which led to

495-521: The Patriotic Burmese Forces (PBF). At the first meeting, the AFO represented itself to the British as the provisional government of Burma with Thakin Soe as Chairman and Aung San as a member of its ruling committee. The Japanese were routed from most of Burma by May 1945. Negotiations then began with the British over the disarming of the AFO and the participation of its troops in a post-war Burma Army. Some veterans had been formed into

528-537: The Thirty Comrades to form a provisional government, the Japanese military leadership had never formally accepted such a plan. Eventually, the Japanese Army turned to Ba Maw to form a government. During the war in 1942, the BIA had grown in an uncontrolled manner, and in many districts officials and even criminals appointed themselves to the BIA. It was reorganised as the Burma Defence Army (BDA) under

561-469: The United States was not self-sufficient. It was thought critical that the Allies be denied access to Southeast Asian rubber supplies if they were ever to accept peace terms favourable to Japan. The BIA formed a provisional government in some areas of the country in the spring of 1942, but there were differences within the Japanese leadership over the future of Burma. While Colonel Suzuki encouraged

594-530: The colony independent as the State of Burma . A pro-Japanese government led by Ba Maw was installed. However, many Burmese began to believe the Japanese had no intention of giving them real independence. Aung San , father of future opposition leader and State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi , and other nationalist leaders formed the Anti-Fascist Organisation in August 1944, which asked

627-659: The exiled colonial government in Simla , India . Japanese soldiers from the 3rd Battalion, the 215th Regiment and the OC Moulmein Kempeitai of the Imperial Japanese Army entered the village of Kalagong on 7 July 1945 and rounded up all the inhabitants for questioning. These soldiers were then ordered by Major General Seiei Yamamoto, chief of staff of the 33rd Army, to kill an estimated 600 Burmese villagers. There were informal contacts between

660-602: The first time with a total of 342 beds. It also housed the country's first bacteriological laboratory, through which several contributions to global medical science were made during the early 20th century. During the Japanese Occupation , the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the buildings and reserved them for Japanese personnel; the General Hospital had to temporarily relocate to the former Diocesan Girls’ School on Signal Pagoda Road. After World War II,

693-853: The formation of the Anti-Fascist Organisation (AFO) in August 1944 at a secret meeting of the CPB, the PRP and the BNA in Pegu . The AFO was later renamed the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL), and roundly opposed the Japanese fascism, proposing a fairer and more equal society. Thakins Than Tun and Soe, while in Insein prison in July 1941, had co-authored the Insein Manifesto which, against

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726-576: The formation of the Burma Independence Army (BIA) in anticipation of the Japanese invasion of Burma in 1942. For Japan's military leadership, the conquest of Burma was a vital strategic objective upon the opening of hostilities with Britain and the United States . Occupation of Burma would interrupt a critical supply link to China . Also, the Japanese knew that rubber was one of the few militarily vital resources in which

759-539: The hospital underwent renovations and had a capacity of 546 beds. In 1964, new specialist wards were added, and the capacity was increased to 1500 beds. The building was a major massacre site during the 8888 Uprising , in which injured patients, assumed to have taken part in the anti-government protests, were killed by the Tatmadaw . The hospital is closed to tourists. The hospital was also the site of Aung San Suu Kyi 's first public speech, on 24 August 1988. The hospital

792-471: The latest modern medical improvement at that time, including operating theatres with electricity and anesthesia rooms. The 3-story Victorian-style main building was opened on 6 May 1905. In the following year, the administrative block and other structures, such as the Matron's accommodation and the morgue, were added and cost four million rupees overall. In 1911, the new and larger hospital opened its doors for

825-424: The leadership of participants in the 1936 student strike , including Aung San and U Nu . This led to a split, with the older leaders being opposed to the left-wing leanings of the new leadership. By the late 1930s, the Thakhins had risen through the ranks to emerge as a prominent nationalist group. To achieve its objectives, the group committed itself to the use violent means, such as strikes and force. In 1937,

858-675: The prevailing opinion in the Dobama movement, identified world fascism as the main enemy in the coming war and called for temporary co-operation with the British in a broad allied coalition which should include the Soviet Union . Soe had already gone underground to organise resistance against the Japanese occupation, and Than Tun was able to pass on Japanese intelligence to Soe, while other Communist leaders Thakins Thein Pe and Tin Shwe made contact with

891-983: The second conference in Myingyan in 1936, the Thakhins decided to contest the 1936 elections under the name Komin Kochin Aphwe ( One's own King, One's own Kind Party ). It put forward 28 candidates three of which were elected; Thakhin Mya in Tharrawaddy South, Thakhin Hla Tin in Henzada East and Thakhin Ant Gyi in Pakokku South. Despite winning three seats, the Thakhin group temporarily became inactive until being resurrected in 1937 under

924-545: The standard U or Maung, as Thakhin was the word traditionally used to address the British. The slogan of the organisation was " Burma (Myanmar) is our country; Burmese literature is our literature; Burmese language is our language. Love our country, raise the standards of our literature, respect our language.' Dobama Asiayone was keen assimilating ethnic minorities into Burman culture, and most of its activities stemmed from Rangoon University . Unlike former parties in Burma,

957-550: Was adopted in 1948 upon the achievement of independence. The DAA was established in 1930 in Rangoon after Burmese Indian dock workers and their families were murdered by Bamars who believed that the Indians had taken jobs that rightfully belonged to them. The Dobama organisation was nationalist in nature, and supported Bamar supremacy. Its members used the Burmese word Thakhin ("master") as their honorific title rather than

990-739: Was established by founding members Ba Sein and Tun Oke. Although it failed to achieve widespread support, Ba Sein and Tun Oke were both included in the Governor Reginald Dorman-Smith 's Executive Council in 1946. The party continued to exist into the 1950s, but was not successful in elections. The Thakhins were credited for the formation of the Burma Independence Army. In 1940, a Japanese army officer, Colonel Suzuki Keiji , took thirty Thakhins including Aung San and Ne Win for military training at Japanese schools in Formosa ( Taiwan ) and Hainan . These thirty Thakhins, known as

1023-591: Was listed on the Yangon City Heritage List in 2017. The hospital has around 2000 staff. As of July 2018, the hospital has 2000 beds and generally treats 1800 inpatients and between 800 and 1200 outpatients a day. Although public health care is nominally free, patients do have to pay for some medicine that is not provided by the Ministry of Health. YGH maintains both medical and surgical specialist departments and diagnostic departments. YGH

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1056-451: Was occupied by the Empire of Japan . The Japanese had assisted formation of the Burma Independence Army , and trained the Thirty Comrades , who were the founders of the modern Armed Forces ( Tatmadaw ). The Burmese hoped to gain support of the Japanese in expelling the British, so that Burma could become independent. In 1942, Japan invaded Burma and, on 1 August 1943, nominally declared

1089-567: Was significant in stirring up political consciousness in Burma, and drew most of its support base from students. The party's song, Myanmar Kaba Ma Kyei ("Till The End of the World, Burma") also became the country's first national song and eventually its national anthem . Composed by Saya Tin (later known as "Thakhin Tin"), the song was a national symbol during the Japanese occupation of Burma and

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