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43-648: Kim Soo-young of the Democratic Party was the district's first female mayor, which she served from July 2014 to June 2022. It was known as 'Jechapaui-hyun' ( 제차파의현 ; 齊次巴衣縣 ) during the Goguryeo age, and has gone through several name-changes since. It was renamed 'Yangcheon' in 1310, during the Goryeo dynasty. It was separated from the neighboring Gangseo district in 1988. The Yangcheon District includes Mok-dong, Sinjeong-dong and Sinwol-dong. This area

86-463: A capital offense in cases causing wrongful execution . Perjury which caused the wrongful execution of another or in the pursuit of causing the wrongful execution of another is respectively construed as murder or attempted murder, and is normally itself punishable by execution in countries that retain the death penalty . Perjury is considered a felony in most U.S. states. However, prosecutions for perjury are rare. The rules for perjury also apply when

129-600: A home in American legal constructs. As such, the main tenets of perjury, including mens rea , a lawful oath, occurring during a judicial proceeding, a false testimony have remained necessary pieces of perjury's definition in the United States. Perjury's current position in the American legal system takes the form of state and federal statutes. Most notably, the United States Code prohibits perjury, which

172-688: A maximum sentence of not less than 3 years' imprisonment, the perjurer may be imprisoned for up to 14 years. Perjury is a statutory offence in England and Wales . It is created by section 1(1) of the Perjury Act 1911 . Section 1 of that Act reads: (1) If any person lawfully sworn as a witness or as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding wilfully makes a statement material in that proceeding, which he knows to be false or does not believe to be true, he shall be guilty of perjury, and shall, on conviction thereof on indictment, be liable to penal servitude for

215-527: A member of pro-democracy student organisation supportive of Kim Dae-jung 's presidential candidacy. She took multiple roles in her party such as a member of human rights committee of Kim Dae-jung 's third presidential campaign in 1992, a director of Women's Affairs Bureau of her party, then- Uri Party , from 2004 to 2006 and vice president of Women's leadership centre of her party, then- New Politics Alliance for Democracy . In 2011 Kim ran for Mayor of Yangcheon against Choo Jae-yup ( Korean :  추재엽 ) in

258-453: A person has made a statement under penalty of perjury even if the person has not been sworn or affirmed as a witness before an appropriate official. An example is the US income tax return, which, by law, must be signed as true and correct under penalty of perjury (see 26 U.S.C.   § 6065 ). Federal tax law provides criminal penalties of up to three years in prison for violation of

301-460: A person who swears willfully, absolutely, and falsely, in a matter material to the issue or point in question". The punishment for perjury under the common law has varied from death to banishment and has included such grotesque penalties as severing the tongue of the perjurer. The definitional structure of perjury provides an important framework for legal proceedings, as the component parts of this definition have permeated jurisdictional lines, finding

344-630: A relevant convention court under the European Patent Convention as it applies to a judicial proceeding in a tribunal of a foreign state. A statement made on oath by a witness outside the United Kingdom and given in evidence through a live television link by virtue of section 32 of the Criminal Justice Act 1988 must be treated for the purposes of section 1 as having been made in the proceedings in which it

387-708: A statement referred to in either of those subsections that is made by a person who is not specially permitted, authorized or required by law to make that statement. As to corroboration, see section 133. Everyone who commits perjury is guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding fourteen years. A person who, before the Court of Justice of the European Union , swears anything which he knows to be false or does not believe to be true is, whatever his nationality, guilty of perjury. Proceedings for this offence may be taken in any place in

430-488: A term not exceeding fourteen years. Perjury is a statutory offence in England and Wales . A person convicted of perjury is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, or to a fine, or to both. In the United States , the general perjury statute under federal law classifies perjury as a felony and provides for a prison sentence of up to five years. The California Penal Code allows for perjury to be

473-405: A term not exceeding seven years, or to imprisonment ... for a term not exceeding two years, or to a fine or to both such penal servitude or imprisonment and fine. (2) The expression "judicial proceeding" includes a proceeding before any court, tribunal, or person having by law power to hear, receive, and examine evidence on oath. (3) Where a statement made for the purposes of a judicial proceeding

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516-407: Is a fact material to influencing the legal result, such as eligibility for old age retirement benefits or whether a person was of an age to have legal capacity . Perjury is considered a serious offence, as it can be used to usurp the power of the courts, resulting in miscarriages of justice . In Canada , those who commit perjury are guilty of an indictable offence and liable to imprisonment for

559-411: Is given in evidence. Section 1 applies in relation to a person acting as an intermediary as it applies in relation to a person lawfully sworn as an interpreter in a judicial proceeding; and for this purpose, where a person acts as an intermediary in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of section 1, that proceeding must be taken to be part of the judicial proceeding in which

602-519: Is not "comprehensive". The book Archbold says that it appears to be immaterial whether the court before which the statement is made has jurisdiction in the particular cause in which the statement is made, because there is no express requirement in the Act that the court be one of "competent jurisdiction" and because the definition in section 1(2) does not appear to require this by implication either. The actus reus of perjury might be considered to be

645-472: Is not made before the tribunal itself, but is made on oath before a person authorised by law to administer an oath to the person who makes the statement, and to record or authenticate the statement, it shall, for the purposes of this section, be treated as having been made in a judicial proceeding. (4) A statement made by a person lawfully sworn in England for the purposes of a judicial proceeding— shall, for

688-416: Is not perjury to lie about matters that are immaterial to the legal proceeding. Statements that entail an interpretation of fact are not perjury because people often draw inaccurate conclusions unwittingly or make honest mistakes without the intent to deceive. Individuals may have honest but mistaken beliefs about certain facts or their recollection may be inaccurate, or may have a different perception of what

731-560: Is reasonable to believe Lee's "lie" that Choo actually waterboarded people while working for Army Counterintelligence Corps . In an interview, she said she had dreamed of becoming an elected official of local government and then member of the National Assembly and would have run for elected post regardless of her marriage. In 2014, Kim ran for Mayor again and won becoming the only woman among 20 democratic mayors in Seoul and

774-445: Is the accurate way to state the truth. In some jurisdictions, no crime has occurred when a false statement is (intentionally or unintentionally) made while under oath or subject to penalty. Instead, criminal culpability attaches only at the instant the declarant falsely asserts the truth of statements (made or to be made) that are material to the outcome of the proceeding. It is not perjury, for example, to lie about one's age except if age

817-573: The European Communities Act 1972 (i.e. perjury before the Court of Justice of the European Union ) may be proceeded against and punished in England and Wales as for an offence under section 1(1). Section 1(4) has effect in relation to proceedings in the Court of Justice of the European Union as it has effect in relation to a judicial proceeding in a tribunal of a foreign state. Section 1(4) applies in relation to proceedings before

860-498: The "Happy yangcheon companion dog culture festival" since 2015. Kim Soo-young (politician) Kim Soo-young ( Korean :  김수영 ; Hanja :  金水英 ; born 5 December 1964) is a South Korean politician who served as Mayor of Yangcheon District , Seoul and its first woman mayor from July 2014 to June 2022. From 2006 to 2008, she worked as the first head of Siheung 's women's job center run by Ministry of Gender Equality and Family . From 2012 to 2014 Kim

903-559: The Cr.P.C. restricts any court to take cognisance of an offence of perjury unless the same is by way of a complaint in writing by the court before which the offence is committed or by a superior court." Punishment for perjury is defined under Section 109 of the Crimes Act 1961 . A person who commits perjury may be imprisoned for up to 7 years. If a person commits perjury to procure the conviction of someone charged with an offence that carries

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946-478: The Crown Prosecution Service sentencing manual. In Anglo-Saxon legal procedure, the offence of perjury could only be committed by both jurors and by compurgators . With time witnesses began to appear in court they were not so treated despite the fact that their functions were akin to that of modern witnesses. This was due to the fact that their role were not yet differentiated from those of

989-549: The Olympic Games in 1988. Among all stadiums, the baseball stadium was used to hold many games for juniors. Since 2008, the stadium has been used for co-hosting amateur baseball games and professional games for settlement of Nexen Heroes , a re-founded team this year which had been made of former Hyundai Unicorns players. In Mok-dong, the Hyperion Towers , a group of three buildings completed in 2003, dominate

1032-636: The Parliament in England in 1540 with subornation of perjury and, in 1562, with perjury proper. The punishment for the offence then was in the nature of monetary penalty, recoverable in a civil action and not by penal sanction. In 1613, the Star Chamber declared perjury by a witness to be a punishable offence at common law. Prior to the 1911 Act, perjury was governed by section 3 of the Maintenance and Embracery Act 1540 5 Eliz 1 c. 9 ( An Act for

1075-507: The Punyshement of suche persones as shall procure or comit any wyllful Perjurye ; repealed 1967) and the Perjury Act 1728 . The requirement that the statement be material can be traced back to and has been credited to Edward Coke , who said: For if it be not material, then though it be false, yet it is no perjury, because it concerneth not the point in suit, and therefore in effect it is extra-judicial. Also this act giveth remedy to

1118-572: The State and the offence may for all incidental purposes be treated as having been committed in that place. "The offence of perjury finds its place in law by virtue of Section 191 to Section 203 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 ('IPC'). Unlike many other countries, the offence of perjury is muted on account of Section 195 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 ("Cr.P.C"). Section 195(1)(b)(i) of

1161-494: The act as the "willful and corrupt giving, upon a lawful oath, or in any form allowed by law to be substituted for an oath, in a judicial proceeding or course of justice, of a false testimony material to the issue or matter of inquiry". William Blackstone touched on the subject in his Commentaries on the Laws of England , establishing perjury as "a crime committed when a lawful oath is administered, in some judicial proceeding, to

1204-500: The by-election held after her husband and then-mayor, Lee Jae-hak ( Korean :  이제학 ), was sentenced guilty by the Supreme Court for spreading lies about Choo, then the opposing candidate, during campaign. In 2013 Choo who has served as Mayor of Yangcheon three times non-consecutively was removed from the post after the Supreme Court sentenced him guilty for Perjury during Lee's trial and breaking election law after it

1247-467: The first woman to lead Yangcheon. In 2018, Kim became the first Yangcheon mayor to be elected twice consecutively. She is also the first woman from her party or its preceding parties to be elected twice for head of local government in South Korea . Perjury Perjury (also known as foreswearing ) is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell

1290-526: The juror and so evidence or perjury by witnesses was not made a crime. Even in the 14th century, when witnesses started appearing before the jury to testify, perjury by them was not made a punishable offence. The maxim then was that every witness's evidence on oath was true. Perjury by witnesses began to be punished before the end of the 15th century by the Star Chamber . The immunity enjoyed by witnesses began also to be whittled down or interfered with by

1333-409: The making of a statement, whether true or false, on oath in a judicial proceeding, where the person knows the statement to be false or believes it to be false. Perjury is a conduct crime . Perjury is triable only on indictment . A person convicted of perjury is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years, or to a fine, or to both. The following cases are relevant: See also

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1376-549: The party grieved, and if the deposition be not material, he cannot be grieved thereby. Perjury is a statutory offence in Northern Ireland . It is created by article 3(1) of the Perjury (Northern Ireland) Order 1979 (S.I. 1979/1714 (N.I. 19)). This replaces the Perjury Act (Northern Ireland) 1946 (c. 13) (N.I.). Perjury operates in American law as an inherited principle of the common law of England, which defined

1419-426: The purposes of this section as having been made in the judicial proceeding in England for the purposes whereof it was made. (6) The question whether a statement on which perjury is assigned was material is a question of law to be determined by the court of trial. The words omitted from section 1(1) were repealed by section 1(2) of the Criminal Justice Act 1948 . A person guilty of an offence under section 11(1) of

1462-400: The purposes of this section, be treated as a statement made in a judicial proceeding in England. (5) Where, for the purposes of a judicial proceeding in England, a person is lawfully sworn under the authority of an Act of Parliament— a statement made by such person so sworn as aforesaid (unless the Act of Parliament under which it was made otherwise specifically provides) shall be treated for

1505-464: The skyline. Tower A is 69 stories and 256 metres (840 feet) high, making it the fifth-tallest building in Seoul and one of the tallest purely residential buildings in the world. At the bottom of these towers sits a large Hyundai department store . The headquarters for CBS and SBS is located in Mok-dong. Inspired by the shape of the district that resembles a puppy, the district has been hosting

1548-628: The statement is false. (1.1) Subject to subsection (3), every person who gives evidence under subsection 46(2) of the Canada Evidence Act , or gives evidence or a statement pursuant to an order made under section 22.2 of the Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters Act , commits perjury who, with intent to mislead, makes a false statement knowing that it is false, whether or not the false statement

1591-446: The tax return perjury statute. See: 26 U.S.C.   § 7206(1) In the United States, Kenya , Scotland and several other English-speaking Commonwealth nations, subornation of perjury , which is attempting to induce another person to commit perjury, is itself a crime. Perjury is punishable by imprisonment in various states and territories of Australia. In several jurisdictions, longer prison sentences are possible if perjury

1634-429: The truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding. Like most other crimes in the common law system, to be convicted of perjury one must have had the intention ( mens rea ) to commit the act and to have actually committed the act ( actus reus ). Further, statements that are facts cannot be considered perjury, even if they might arguably constitute an omission, and it

1677-418: The witness's evidence is given. Where any statement made by a person on oath in any proceeding which is not a judicial proceeding for the purposes of section 1 is received in evidence in pursuance of a special measures direction , that proceeding must be taken for the purposes of section 1 to be part of the judicial proceeding in which the statement is so received in evidence. The definition in section 1(2)

1720-575: Was committed with the intent of convicting or acquitting a person charged with a serious offence. The offence of perjury is codified by section 132 of the Criminal Code . It is defined by section 131, which provides: (1) Subject to subsection (3), every one commits perjury who, with intent to mislead, makes before a person who is authorized by law to permit it to be made before him a false statement under oath or solemn affirmation, by affidavit, solemn declaration or deposition or orally, knowing that

1763-535: Was developed during the 1980s, as a result of government policy to build a new residential area in Seoul; large apartment complexes were built. Now, the Yangcheon District is home to mostly middle and upper-class families and is considered one of the better wards in Seoul to live. Yangcheon is located to the east of Gimpo International Airport and just south of the river from the popular Hongdae area of Seoul. Mokdong Stadium at this distinct opened for

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1806-423: Was made under oath or solemn affirmation in accordance with subsection (1), so long as the false statement was made in accordance with any formalities required by the law of the place outside Canada in which the person is virtually present or heard. (2) Subsection (1) applies, whether or not a statement referred to in that subsection is made in a judicial proceeding. (3) Subsections (1) and (1.1) do not apply to

1849-526: Was the adjunct professor of social welfare at Soongsil University . Kim holds three degrees - a bachelor in Korean language from Ewha Womans University , a master's in social welfare policy from Sogang University and a doctorate in social welfare from Soongsil University . Kim was the president of student union of Ewha Womans University in late 1980s and imprisoned for student activism against authoritarian regime of Chun Doo-hwan . She then worked as

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