140-861: On 22 September 2023, Yaroslav Hunka, a Ukrainian Canadian who fought in the SS Division Galicia of the military wing of the Nazi Party , the Waffen-SS , was invited to the House of Commons of Canada to be recognized by Speaker Anthony Rota , the Member of Parliament for Hunka's district. Hunka received two standing ovations from all house members, including Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau , other party leaders, and visiting Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy . Hunka's membership in
280-657: A dugout . The second house was often a white-washed and plastered log cabin usually with thatched roof, very similar to those seen in Ukraine. Barns, chicken coops, granaries , and so on were all built using the same techniques as the houses. By the 1930s most Ukrainian Canadians adopted the building styles of the North American mainstream including framed homes and barns built from commercial plans and using milled lumber. Early churches, built by pioneer farmers rather than trained builders, were basically log cabins with
420-747: A shortage of priests in Canada. The Ukrainian Catholic clergy came into conflict with the Roman Catholic hierarchy because they were not celibate and wanted a separate governing structure. At the time, the Russian Orthodox Church was the only Orthodox Christian church that operated in North America – because they had arrived first via Alaska , and traditionally Orthodox churches are territorially exclusive . However, Ukrainians in Canada were suspicious of being controlled from
560-583: A Badge "for Merits to Ternopil Region" for his significant personal contribution to providing assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine, active charitable and public activities, and on the occasion of the 112th anniversary of the birth of Yaroslav Stetsko . In the years after World War II, Canada's permissive immigration policies enabled many alleged Nazi war criminals to settle in the country. An especially large number of former SS Galizien members (relative to their total number) migrated to Canada from
700-485: A Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A turboprop, yielding a lower empty weight and a higher maximum speed, and a number of other aftermarket PT6A conversions have been offered. The Otter found a significant niche as a STOL bush aircraft and many remain in service. The DHC-4 Caribou was a rugged STOL design like the Beaver and Otter, but it had two engines and was conceived primarily as a military transport, designed in response to
840-570: A US Army requirement for a tactical airlifter to supply the battlefront with troops and supplies and evacuate casualties on the return journey. The DHC-4 first flew on 30 July 1958. The US Army ordered five for evaluation and went on to become the largest Caribou operator, taking delivery of 159, initially as the AC-1 and later as the CV-2. These aircraft were transferred to the USAF in 1967 and redesignated as
980-665: A few Ukrainian Catholic elementary schools in the Greater Toronto Area , including St. Demetrius Catholic Elementary school , St. Josaphat Catholic Elementary school, and Josef Cardinal Slipyj Elementary school, all in Etobicoke ; as well as St. Sofia Catholic Elementary school in Mississauga . Most Ukrainians who came to Canada from Galicia were Ukrainian Catholic and those from Bukovina were Ukrainian Orthodox . However, people of both churches faced
1120-663: A few added decorations. They aspired to the designs of Ukraine's wooden churches , but were much more humble. Latter churches – such as the "prairie cathedral" style of Father Philip Ruh , using a mixture of Byzantine and Western influences – were much more decorative. Many Ukrainians fled the Russia , Poland , and later, the Soviet Union, to find freedom and a better life in Canada. For them Canada became "an anti-the Russia", where they could realize their political and economic ideas. Most Ukrainian Canadians were anti-Soviet , yet
1260-541: A large scale from Galicia to the Balkans (the north-south border region of Croatia and Bosnia ) and even to Brazil was already underway by 1891. The first wave of Ukrainian immigration to Canada began with Iwan ( Ivan ) Pylypow and Wasyl ( Vasyl ' ) Eleniak , who arrived in 1891, and brought several families to settle in 1892. Pylypow helped found the Edna-Star Settlement east of Edmonton ,
1400-647: A member organization in 1959. After the dissolution of the USSR in 1991, emigration from Ukraine increased. Rising levels of corruption, the dismantlement of some social services, low-paying employment as well as a loss of jobs in Ukraine, made immigration attractive once again. Many Ukrainians saw Canada as a land of opportunity and a place where they could build a better life for themselves and their families. The Canadian government also made it easier for Ukrainians to immigrate, offering various programs and initiatives designed to attract skilled workers and entrepreneurs. One of
1540-684: A minor group of Ukrainians has since 1910 supported Canadian socialism and contributed to the formation of the Communist Party of Canada , and formed a significant bloc within that group. They were also active in other Marxist organizations like the Ukrainian Labour Farmer Temple Association (ULFTA). Ukrainians also played a central role in the 1930s formation of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) and
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#17327763454311680-568: A minority moved towards the 1930s protest parties of Social Credit and the CCF federally and provincially. The vocal anti-communism of John Diefenbaker in the 1950s led the more nationalist-minded to support the federal Progressive Conservatives . Today's Ukrainian community tends to vote based on economic class interests and regional preferences. The nationalist movement, through the Ukrainian National Federation and
1820-576: A modern, moulded plexiglas sliding cockpit hood was attached to what was essentially a 1932 aircraft. Communication between the passenger cabin in the fuselage and the cockpit to the rear was through a hole in the instrument panel. Before the end of the Second World War, de Havilland Canada built 1,134 Mosquitos, of which 444 were on strength with the RCAF in models Bomber Mk VII through Trainer Mk 29 from 1 June 1943 to 28 September 1951. In 1954,
1960-545: A national assembly of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress in Winnipeg. The Western Ukrainian agricultural settlers brought with them a style of folk architecture dominated by buildings made of unprocessed logs, which were much better suited to the wooded parkland belt rather than the "bald prairie". The first house built – usually a burdei – used some sod; but was not exactly a sod hut , more like
2100-545: A new assembly line in Calgary , Alberta, as the DHC-515 Firefighter. The de Havilland Canada company produced a large number of aircraft under licence, mostly versions of designs from its original parent company, British de Havilland Aircraft . Fox Moths were produced in Canada after the Second World War mainly to keep the plant in production, but also to satisfy the increasing need for new bush aircraft. All
2240-578: A pretext of " denazification ", among other stated reasons . Rota resigned as speaker five days later, and the House unanimously adopted a motion to condemn Nazism and withdraw its recognition of Hunka. Prime Minister Trudeau and Canadian government officials apologized to the worldwide Jewish community. The handling of suspected World War II war criminals in Canada became a renewed matter of public interest. Yaroslav Ilkovych Hunka ( Ukrainian : Ярослав Ількович Гунька , Polish : Jarosław Hunka ; born 1925)
2380-547: A rally in Toronto for Zelenskyy's visit. The Ukrainian Canadian Congress had nominated Hunka to attend, but he did not go to the event. Reactions to the celebration of Hunka were negative and generated international headlines. The Friends of Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies said that Hunka's unit's "crimes against humanity during the Holocaust are well-documented", and condemned SS Galizien as "responsible for
2520-493: A result, it was one of the fastest aircraft in the war, reaching 425 mph at 30,000 ft. The original design was intended as a light bomber, but soon proved itself in high-level photography and every phase of intruder operations. Of the more than 7,000 Mosquitoes produced overall by de Havilland, de Havilland Canada produced 1,134. Some 500 were delivered to the UK by the end of the war, although several were lost en route across
2660-456: A similar size. This product line was expanded to four models, and the largest is labelled Q400 . On 24 February 2006, Viking Air of Victoria purchased the type certificates from Bombardier Aerospace for all the original de Havilland designs, including: The ownership of the certificates gives Viking the exclusive right to manufacture new aircraft; previously, Viking had purchased in May 2005
2800-870: A small number of Ukrainians settled in Canada before 1891. Most controversial is the claim that Ukrainians may have been infantrymen alongside Poles in the Swiss French “ De Watteville's Regiment ” who fought for the British on the Niagara Peninsula during the War of 1812 – it has been theorized that Ukrainians were among those soldiers who decided to stay in Upper Canada ( southern Ontario ). Other Ukrainians supposedly arrived as part of other immigrant groups; it has been claimed that individual Ukrainian families may have settled in southern Manitoba in
2940-941: A strong community in Canada. They built churches, community centres, and cultural organizations to preserve their language and traditions. After 1920 many moved to urban Ontario . During the early years of Ukrainian immigration to Canada, many immigrants faced discrimination and prejudice. Ukrainian immigrants were interned during World War I as a part of the confinement of those deemed to be "enemy aliens." Between 1914 and 1920, thousands of Ukrainian-Canadians were interned in camps. Today, Ukrainian-Canadians continue to be an important part of Canada's cultural mosaic. They have made significant contributions to Canadian society and continue to preserve and celebrate their rich cultural heritage. In 2021, there were an estimated 1,258,635 persons of full or partial Ukrainian origin residing in Canada (the majority being Canadian-born citizens), making them Canada's eleventh largest ethnic group and giving Canada
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#17327763454313080-505: A twin turboprop variant of the DHC-3 Otter as a STOL commuter airliner and utility transport. The wings were lengthened, the rear fuselage, tail, and nose were redesigned, and seating capacity was increased to 18. Design features included double-slotted trailing-edge flaps and flaperons (ailerons that act in unison with the flaps) to boost STOL performance. The type's first flight on 20 May 1965. After receiving certification in mid-1966,
3220-511: Is a Canadian aircraft manufacturer that has produced numerous aircraft models since its inception including the popular Dash 8 . The company's primary facilities were located in the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario for many years; in 2022, it was announced that it would relocate primary manufacturing to De Havilland Field, under development near Calgary, Alberta . The aircraft types currently in production or planned for production include
3360-669: Is a Ukrainian-Canadian World War II veteran of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician) —abbreviated as SS Galizien —a military formation of Nazi Germany . Hunka was born in Urman , Second Polish Republic (now Ukraine). In 1943, Hunka volunteered to join SS Galizien at 18 years old. According to Hunka, his reason for enlisting was following the call of the Ukrainian Central Committee to fight for
3500-531: Is denazification". Asked to comment, deputy prime minister of Canada Chrystia Freeland responded by saying that Putin was being effective at "weaponizing [the] mistake", urged the Canadian public to be cautious of Russian propaganda and to "push back very, very hard at everything Vladimir Putin says", and reiterated that actions causing Hunka to be recognized in the Parliament were a "terrible mistake". In
3640-519: Is in Vegreville , Alberta . Ukrainian Canadian churches are also famous for their onion domes , which have elaborately painted murals on their interior, and for their iconostasis , or icon walls. Ukrainian Canadians have contributed to the literature of Canada and to the field of folklore. Professor of folklore and Kule Chair Emerita at the University of Alberta , Natalie Kononenko ,
3780-611: Is well respected, and has made numerous contributions to her field. In 2023, Kononenko published a book entitled, "Ukrainian Ritual on the Prairies: Growing a Ukrainian Canadian Identity.". From British Columbia , Ukrainian Canadian author Danny Evanishen wrote and published more than eleven books retelling Ukrainian folk tales in English and sharing stories from his childhood and travel. De Havilland Canada De Havilland Aircraft of Canada Limited ( DHC )
3920-524: The DHC-6 Twin Otter , DHC-8 Dash 8 , and DHC-515 Firefighter . DHC was created in 1928 by the British de Havilland Aircraft Company to build Moth aircraft for the training of Canadian airmen , and subsequently after the Second World War, designed and produced indigenous designs. In the 1980s, the government of Canada under Prime Minister Brian Mulroney privatized DHC and in 1986 sold
4060-692: The Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights : "While the apologies are necessary and welcome, it raises a larger question. How did Yaroslav Hunka, a notorious Nazi war criminal, enter Canada to begin with? How is it that he was never held accountable?" On 27 September, the interim provost of the University of Alberta announced it would close the Hunka Ukrainian Research Endowment Fund and return its approximately CA$ 30,000 to Hunka's sons, saying that
4200-620: The Royal Canadian Navy decided to replace its fleet of obsolescent Grumman TBM Avenger antisubmarine warfare (ASW) aircraft with domestically produced, licence-built versions of the new Grumman S2F Tracker . The contract for the CS2F was worth CA$ 100 million, at the time, the largest post-Second World War Canadian defence contract. Subassemblies of the aircraft would be produced by various Canadian companies and shipped to de Havilland Canada facilities, where de Havilland would build
4340-514: The SS Galizien in 2021; he emphasised then that "the defeat of Nazism was a victory for our people", and called for law enforcement and the Kyiv city administration to investigate. Zelenskyy made a surprise visit to Canada on 22 September 2023 (his first since the invasion) and spoke to the House of Commons. After Zelenskyy's visit became publicly known, the constituency office of Anthony Rota ,
Yaroslav Hunka scandal - Misplaced Pages Continue
4480-596: The Svitanok Ukrainian Dance Ensemble in Ottawa , Saskatoon 's Rushnychok Ukrainian Folk Dance Association, and hundreds of other groups. The Ukrainian Canadian Foundation of Taras Shevchenko provides some financial support for Ukrainian Canadian performing, literary and visual arts . Ukrainians in general are noted for their elaborately decorated Easter Eggs or pysanky , and that is also true in Canada. The world's second largest pysanka
4620-603: The Treaty of Versailles was signed by Canada on June 28, 1919. There are some two dozen Ukrainian-specific plaques and memorials in Canada commemorating Canada's first national internment operations, including several statues – on the fairgrounds of Canada's National Ukrainian Festival south of Dauphin , Manitoba , the grounds of the Manitoba Legislative Building in Winnipeg ; and at the locations of
4760-844: The Ukrainian Catholic Church in Canada ), and the Ukrainian Self- League (USRL, affiliated with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada ). The ULFTA transformed itself into the Association of United Ukrainian Canadians in 1946, the UCB and USRL are member organizations of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress today. By 1914, there were also growing communities of Ukrainian immigrants in eastern Canadian cities, such as Toronto , Montreal , Hamilton , and Windsor . Many of them arrived from
4900-644: The Ukrainian-Canadian community. After graduating from a technical college, Hunka worked in the aircraft industry, eventually becoming an inspector for De Havilland . In retirement, Hunka was heavily involved in the Ukrainian community; his sons established the Yaroslav and Margaret Hunka Ukrainian Research Endowment Fund at the University of Alberta to advance academic research in the underground Ukrainian Catholic Church . On 20 August 2004, Hunka
5040-625: The Valdai Discussion Club Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that the fact that Hunka was applauded by President Zelenskyy was "a sign of the Nazification of Ukraine" and: "This is precisely why it is necessary to denazify Ukraine." He further said that Rota "essentially lumped together Nazi collaborators, SS troops and the Ukrainian military of today", which "only confirms [Russia's] thesis that one of [Russia's] goals in Ukraine
5180-581: The Waffen-SS was reported initially by The Forward , which quoted a tweet by the academic Ivan Katchanovski. The story was picked up by the Canadian media, receiving international attention. The incident, seen as a political blunder and a scandal, such that it drew comparisons to the most embarrassing moments in Canada's history, was leveraged by the Russian establishment to further its justifications for waging war in Ukraine , which had been started under
5320-600: The block settlements of the Prairies during their first decades in Canada. The decline of regular communication with relatives in Ukraine, especially the severe restrictions between 1939 and 1989 , further isolated the Western Canadian Ukrainian dialect from an evolving Ukrainian language in Soviet Ukraine . Now, immigrants from Ukraine to Western Canada since 1991, speaking Ukrainian, find
5460-847: The killing of Polish civilians . In his memoir, Hunka referred to the Wehrmacht as "mystical German knights". Following the conclusion of World War II in Europe , Hunka, now a displaced person , settled in the United Kingdom and joined the Association of Ukrainians in Great Britain. In 1951, he married Margaret Ann Edgerton (1931–2018), and the couple emigrated to Canada three years later, settling in Toronto , where they raised their two sons, Martin and Peter, and became active in
5600-657: The mines , smelters and forests of northern Ontario ; and the small heavy industries of urban western Canada . A few Ukrainian professionals and intellectuals were accepted into Canada at this time; they later became leaders in the Ukrainian Canadian community. The second wave was heavily influenced by the struggle for Ukrainian independence during the Russian Civil War , and established two competing fraternal / benevolent organizations in Canada:
5740-649: The parkland belt of the prairie provinces : Alberta , Saskatchewan , and Manitoba . While the Canadian Prairies are often compared to the steppes of Ukraine , the settlers came largely from Galicia and Bukovina – which are not steppe lands, but are semi-wooded areas in the foothills of the Carpathian Mountains . This is why Ukrainians coming to Canada settled in the wooded aspen parklands – in an arch from Winnipeg and Stuartburn, Manitoba to Edmonton and Leduc, Alberta – rather than
Yaroslav Hunka scandal - Misplaced Pages Continue
5880-522: The speaker of the House of Commons , was contacted by Yaroslav Hunka's son Martin Hunka, a resident of Rota's district of Nipissing—Timiskaming , with a request for his father to be present in the Parliament during the address. Rota accepted the request. According to a later statement by the government house leader , Karina Gould , he did so without informing the government or the Ukrainian delegation. On 22 September 2023, Rota recognized Hunka's presence in
6020-701: The "biggest single diplomatic embarrassment" in Canadian history. The event renewed interest in the topic of the handling of suspected war criminals who immigrated to Canada, and led to calls to declassify the second part of the Deschênes Commission's report. Canadian politician and human rights advocate Irwin Cotler , who was chief counsel to the Canadian Jewish Congress at the Deschênes Commission , said on behalf of
6160-401: The 1960s formation of the New Democratic Party . Ukrainians were a notable portion of the Mackenzie–Papineau Battalion of Canadians who volunteered and fought in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the leftist republican government against the nationalist troops of Generalísimo Francisco Franco . Ukrainians in Canada at first supported the Liberal Party federally and provincially ,
6300-676: The 1970s and 1980s, driven by political and economic factors. Many Ukrainians were dissatisfied with the Soviet regime and its policies, and were looking for greater freedoms and opportunities. Additionally, economic factors such as a shortage of jobs and a declining standard of living also played a role in driving migration. During this period, many Ukrainian immigrants settled in urban areas, such as Toronto and Montreal, and found work in manufacturing and other industries. Despite facing some challenges with discrimination and prejudice, Ukrainian immigrants were able to establish strong communities in Canada and preserve their culture and heritage. The result
6440-518: The Atlantic. After the war, de Havilland Canada began to build its own designs uniquely suited to the harsh Canadian operating environment. The company also continued production of several British de Havilland aircraft and later produced a licence-built version of the American-designed Grumman S2F Tracker . In 1962, the Avro Canada aircraft production facility was transferred to de Havilland Canada by their then-merged parent company, UK-based Hawker Siddeley . The first true postwar aviation project
6580-410: The August 1914 War Measures Act , permitted the government to legally compel thousands of Ukrainians in Canada to register with federal authorities. About 5,000 Ukrainian men, and some women and children, were interned at government camps and work sites. Although many Ukrainians were " paroled " into jobs for private companies by 1917, the internment continued until June 20, 1920 – almost a year after
6720-489: The Austrian Empire to once again enter Canada – and Ukrainian immigration started anew. Ukrainians from western Volhynia – the Polesie and Wołyń Voivodeships (under Polish rule), and southern Bessarabia – also known as the Budjak (under Romanian rule), joined a new wave of emigrants from Polish-governed Galicia and Romanian-governed Bukovina . Around 70,000 Ukrainians from Poland , Romania , and Czechoslovakia arrived in Canada from 1923 to September 1939, although
6860-423: The Austro-Hungarian Empire arrived in Canada from September 1891 to August 1914. Clifford Sifton , Canada's Minister of the Interior from 1896 to 1905 , also encouraged Ukrainians from Austria-Hungary to immigrate to Canada since he wanted new agricultural immigrants to populate Canada's prairies . After retirement, Sifton defended the new Ukrainian and East European immigrants to Canada – who were not from
7000-419: The Beaver—originally conceived in 1951 as the King Beaver—the DHC-3 Otter was designed for the same basic roles and is similar in layout, but is a substantially larger and heavier aircraft, a veritable "one-ton truck" that can seat up to eleven. The Otter was originally produced with a 450-kW (600-hp) Pratt & Whitney R-1340 Wasp radial engine, and like the Beaver, the Otter can be fitted with skis and floats;
7140-436: The C-7, seeing extensive service during the Vietnam War , where some were captured by North Vietnamese forces and operated until the late 1970s. Other notable military operators included Canada, Australia, Malaysia, India, and Spain. The type's ruggedness and STOL capabilities also appealed to some commercial users and US certification was awarded on 23 December 1960. Other Caribou entered commercial service after being retired by
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#17327763454317280-462: The Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine, was also an important part of the community. After Ukraine became independent Canada was one of the first nations to recognize Ukraine. From 1992 to 1994, Ukrainian Canadians were vital in fundraising to purchase a building in Ottawa to house the Embassy of Ukraine . As well, Canada has recognized the Holodomor (Ukrainian Famine) as an act of genocide. Canada also sent many observers to Ukraine during
7420-402: The Canadian Ukrainian dialect old-fashioned and sometimes strange, for modern Ukrainian no longer uses some of the expressions and vocabulary common to the Canadian dialect – or, in the case of the Canadian loan words and adaptations, never did use, because Standard Ukrainian either invented other terms or borrowed and adapted from other languages, such as French , German or Russian. There are
7560-430: The Canadian government allowed the launch of the DHC-7 program in the early 1970s, resulting in the maiden flight on 27 March 1975. The type was certificated on 2 May 1977 and entered service with Rocky Mountain Airways on 3 February 1978. Offered in passenger, freighter, and combi aircraft configurations, production of the Dash 7 ended in 1988 following Boeing's takeover of DHC. De Havilland Canada began development of
7700-399: The Canadian modifications made to the Tiger Moth were also applied to the Fox Moth. de Havilland designed a special stretcher for the Fox Moth, so it could operate as an air ambulance. Of the 53 produced, 39 remained in Canada, most of which were operated in float/ski configuration and gave years of satisfactory service. The Fox Moth, though efficient, was a bit of an anachronism. For example,
7840-448: The DHC-2 Beaver was designed with input from Canada's bush pilots, who desired a rugged and highly versatile "aerial truck" that would reliably deliver short takeoff and landing (STOL) performance from unimproved airstrips with a half-ton load. An all-metal, high wing monoplane, the Beaver could be equipped with wheels, skis, or floats, and was originally powered by a single Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior piston engine. The Beaver
7980-489: The Dash 8 in the late 1970s in response to high anticipated demand for regional airliners. Like the Dash 7, the Dash 8 features a high-mounted wing and T-tail, an advanced flight control system, and large full-length trailing-edge flaps, but power is supplied by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW120 turboprops, emphasizing operating economy over STOL performance—a major departure for DHC that proved very successful. The first flight took place on 20 June 1983, Canadian certification
8120-404: The Endowment Council was the unveiling, simultaneously across Canada, of 115 bilingual plaques on August 24, 2014, recalling the 100th anniversary of the first implementation of the War Measures Act . This was known as Project "Сто" ( translit. Sto ; meaning "one hundred"), and organized by the UCCLA. In 1923, the Canadian government modified the Immigration Act to allow former subjects of
8260-412: The February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , Canada sanctioned Russia and sent weapons to Ukraine. An important element of Russia's pretext for the invasion was Ukraine's " denazification ". On 8 May 2022, Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau made a surprise visit to Kyiv to meet with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy . Zelenskyy is Jewish and previously condemned a march in Kyiv in honour of
8400-544: The Galicia Division have never been substantiated." Canada subsequently enacted war crimes legislation by amending the Criminal Code to enable Canadian courts to adjudicate cases of war crimes and crimes against humanity committed outside Canada. The only individual to be prosecuted under this legislation for his actions in relation to Nazi war crimes was Imre Finta , who was acquitted in 1990. In 1994, after several similar cases in which charges had been dropped, Canada said it would no longer prosecute Nazi war criminals. After
8540-527: The North American 50-seater market. In February 2022, Longview consolidated its activities, with Viking Air, Longview Aviation, Pacific Sky Training and De Havilland Canada all being rebranded as De Havilland Aircraft of Canada. In June 2022, after a celebration with 10 DHC types present, from a 1942 Tiger Moth to a 2019 DHC-8-400, the last DHC aircraft left the Downsview site and the offices were relocated to nearby Mississauga . In September 2022, De Havilland Canada announced that Wheatland County, Alberta ,
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#17327763454318680-420: The Otter amphibian features a four-unit retractable undercarriage, with the wheels retracting into the floats. The type's first flight was undertaken on 12 December 1951 and Canadian certification was awarded in November 1952. The US Army became the largest user of the Otter, and other military users included Australia, Canada, and India. Some Otters have been converted to turboprop power by Cox Air Services using
8820-492: The Q400 model and support the Dash 8 range. The deal closed on 3 June 2019; the newly formed company inherited an order book of 51 Q400s. Longview did not intend to merge Viking Air and De Havilland. Some 1200 Bombardier staff transferred to the new De Havilland company, which intended to continue Dash 8-400 production at Downsview until a lease expires in 2023 and hopes to negotiate an extension to that date. Other Dash 8 variants are also under consideration, in particular to target
8960-565: The Russia, first by the Tsarist government and later by the Soviets. Partially in response to this, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada was created as a wholly Ukrainian Canadian-controlled alternative. As well, the Ukrainian Catholic clergy were eventually given a separate structure from the Roman Church . The provinces with the largest Ukrainian populations (single and multiple origins, 2006) are Ontario, 336,355; Alberta, 332,180; British Columbia, 197,265; Manitoba, 167,175; Saskatchewan 129,265; and Quebec, 31,955. In terms of proportion of
9100-432: The Russian invasion of Ukraine that year . Describing the situation in Ukraine, Hunka told CTV News that the "Destruction is just unbelievable but it will take years and years to rebuild it, ... But Ukrainian [ sic ] will win and God Bless Ukraine and I pray for it." As of 2023, he was a resident of North Bay, Ontario . On 6 February 2024, the parliament of Ternopil province in Ukraine awarded Hunka with
9240-403: The Shevchenko Foundation), establishing the Canadian First World War Internment Recognition Fund (CFWWIRF). The Endowment Council of the CFWWIRF uses the interest earned on that amount to fund projects that commemorate the experience of Ukrainians and other Europeans interned between 1914 and 1920. The funds are held in trust by the Shevchenko Foundation. Amongst the commemorative projects funded by
9380-419: The Turbo Beaver first flew in December 1963, featuring a Pratt & Whitney PT6A engine. The Turbo Beaver offered improved operating weights and STOL performance, along with a longer cabin, allowing maximum accommodation for 11 including the pilot. DHC offered turboprop conversion kits to upgrade piston-powered Beavers, and similar conversions have been performed by aftermarket companies. A follow-on design to
9520-404: The U.K. According to James L. Turk , Russian responses were designed to cause their conduct of war in Ukraine to appear more legitimate. He called the scandal "a gold mine for Russian propagandists". According to Marcus Kolga of the Macdonald–Laurier Institute , the scandal has had an effect of damaging Canada's reputation abroad, and Russia is aiming to amplify this effect through propaganda. In
9660-444: The UK, which produced 1,000, and by OGMA in Portugal, which built an additional 66. The Chipmunk served with the RCAF, the Royal Air Force (RAF), and at least twelve other air forces. After being largely phased out by the RAF and RCAF in the 1950s and 1960s, surplus Chipmunks achieved widespread popularity for civil sport flying, competition aerobatics , aerial application , and glider towing . Developed in 1947 for bush flying ,
9800-425: The UNF continued to expand and became the largest and most influential Ukrainian organization in Canada, spearheading the creation of the coordinating Ukrainian Canadian Committee (later Ukrainian Canadian Congress ) during World War II. From 1945 to 1952, most Ukrainians coming to Canada were political refugees and Displaced Persons. In the aftermath of the Second World War, many Ukrainians who had been displaced by
9940-409: The USAF, which had little interest in the Buffalo; only four evaluation aircraft were delivered to the US military, two of which were later transferred to NASA for research. The improved DHC-5A transport was acquired by Canadian Armed Forces (as the CC-115), the Brazilian Air Force and the Peruvian Air Force , and the production line was then shut down, but it was reopened after the enhanced DHC-5D
10080-486: The Ukrainian community. Perhaps one of the most lasting contributions Ukrainian Canadians have made to the wider culture of Canada is the concept of multiculturalism , which was promoted as early as 1963 by Senator Paul Yuzyk . During and after the debates surrounding the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism , Ukrainian leaders, such as linguist Jaroslav Rudnyckyj , came out in force against
10220-497: The Ukrainian language of this era had no words for such things as agricultural machinery other than a plow, words for wildlife or vegetation common to North America and uncommon in Ukraine, words related to the automobile or other self-propelled vehicles on roads, or words for internal combustion engine -powered or electrically -powered tools or home appliances of any kind, extensive borrowings and adaptations from Canadian English were independently made by Ukrainian settlers in
10360-579: The United Hetman Organization (UHO) in 1934 – which supported the idea of a Ukrainian " Cossack kingdom " led by Pavlo Skoropadskyi ; and the rival Ukrainian National Federation (UNF) in 1932 – which supported the idea of an independent Ukrainian republic and politically supported the armed Ukrainian nationalist insurgency in Polish-occupied Western Ukraine. The UHO ceased to exist by 1960, while
10500-556: The United Kingdom, the United States, Scandinavia, Iceland, France or Germany – by stating: I think that a stalwart peasant in a sheepskin coat , born to the soil, whose forefathers have been farmers for ten generations, with a stout wife and a half-dozen children, is good quality. This Ukrainian immigration to Canada was largely agrarian , and at first Ukrainian Canadians concentrated in distinct block settlements in
10640-523: The United Kingdom, where they had been detained. While there existed a policy of denying entry to former Nazi military personnel, members of this unit were exempted by a 1950 cabinet-level decision. In 1985, the government of Canada formed the Deschênes Commission to investigate claims that Canada had become a haven for Nazi war criminals. The commission's final report was issued at the end of 1986 in two parts. It alleged that Nazi war criminals had immigrated to Canada and in some cases were still residing in
10780-505: The acquisition of the Dash 8 and Q400 program, the last DHC designs still held by Bombardier, along with the rights to the DHC name and trademark. The deal, which closed on 3 June 2019 following regulatory approval, brought the entire Canadian de Havilland product line under the same banner for the first time in decades, under a new holding company named De Havilland Aircraft of Canada Limited. In
10920-465: The aircraft company to then Seattle -based Boeing . DHC was eventually acquired by Montreal -based Bombardier Aerospace in 1992 after cumulative losses of US$ 636 million over five years under Boeing. In 2006, Viking Air of Victoria, British Columbia , purchased the type certificates for all the original out-of-production de Havilland designs (DHC-1 to DHC-7). In November 2018, Viking Air's holding company, Longview Aviation Capital , announced
11060-592: The chamber, saying: "We have here in the chamber today a Ukrainian Canadian war veteran from the Second World War who fought for Ukrainian independence against the Russians and continues to support the troops today even at his age of 98." Rota further praised Hunka, asserting: "He is a Ukrainian hero, a Canadian hero, and we thank him for all his service." After Rota's praise, the chamber gave two standing ovations to Hunka, which Zelenskyy and his wife also joined. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau also invited Hunka to attend
11200-413: The common history of the communities that have taken up residence in Ukraine" and said it recognized that "recent events that have brought these pages to the forefront have caused pain and anguish". President Zelenskyy did not comment on the incident. Following the incident, an image of a fake Ukrainian postage stamp featuring Hunka was shared on Twitter by multiple users, including the Russian embassy in
11340-521: The contract in 1988, amid claims of bribery , Boeing immediately put DHC up for sale, placing the company in jeopardy. DHC was eventually acquired by Montreal -based Bombardier Aerospace in 1992. DHC was eventually incorporated into the Bombardier group of companies and the Dash 8 remained in production, with a particular emphasis being placed on its quiet operation in comparison to other aircraft of
11480-438: The country, and recommended changes to criminal and citizenship law to allow Canada to prosecute war criminals. The second part of the final report, which concerns allegations against specific individuals, and contains an appendix listing 240 individuals suspected of war crimes, has never been made public. SS Galizien was a significant topic of the investigation; according to the report, "Charges of war crimes against members of
11620-585: The days following the scandal several neo-Nazis laid flowers on the SS Galicia monument in Oakville, Ontario . On social media they thanked Hunka and said the SS division fought to defend Europe from "the Asiatic-Communist pestilence". Those actions were condemned by Jewish groups and renewed their demands for the demolition of the memorial. In a speech on 5 October 2023 at the annual meeting of
11760-558: The discontinuation of the shorter and less powerful variants, leaving the Q400 as the only Dash 8 still in production. As of February 2023, De Havilland Canada has four DHC-8s registered with Transport Canada and operate as ICAO airline designator DHC, and telephony DEHAVILLAND. In 2022, de Havilland Canada announced that an improved version of the Canadair CL-415 amphibious aerial firefighting aircraft will be produced at
11900-547: The disputed 2004 presidential election (see: Orange Revolution ). The Government of Canada as well as its provincial governments – especially the Ukrainian strongholds in Alberta , Manitoba and Saskatchewan – do much to support Ukraine's economic and political development. The Ukrainian Canadians had and have much more influence in Canadian society and policy than any other East European group; therefore they have had several prominent figures in top positions. Ray Hnatyshyn
12040-547: The division, and that many aspired doing so could help attain Ukrainian independence from the Soviet Union . According to Arel, it was "difficult to determine" whether specific groups of the division took part in atrocities, but he said that by the time Hunka's unit reached the front, German operations relating to the Holocaust would have ended in that area. He said, however, that the SS Galizien had been implicated in
12180-778: The extension of the Canadian railway system ; most importantly as labour in completing the transcontinental mainlines of the Canadian Northern Railway and Grand Trunk Pacific , both then nationalized and consolidated into the Canadian National Railway (CN). As agriculture became more mechanized and consolidated, male Ukrainian Canadians shifted into non-farm primary and secondary industry jobs, while women took jobs in domestic work and unskilled service industries . By 1971, only slightly more Ukrainian Canadians worked in agriculture than in
12320-769: The first Twin Otter variant, the Series 100, entered service with the Ontario Department of Lands and Forests. The Series 200, introduced in April 1968, had an extended nose and reconfigured rear cabin storage compartment, greatly increasing cargo space. The Series 300, introduced in 1969, had more powerful engines, allowing a 450-kg (1,000-lb) increase in takeoff weight and a 20-seat interior. All models can be fitted with skis or floats. DHC production ceased in late 1988, but in 2010, Viking Air restarted Twin Otter production with
12460-488: The first Ukrainians in Canada. During the nineteenth century the territory inhabited by Ukrainians in Europe was divided between the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires. The Austrian crownlands of Galicia and Bukovina were home to many Ukrainian speakers. Austrian Galicia was one of the poorest and most overpopulated regions in Europe , and had experienced a series of blights and famines . Emigration on
12600-565: The first and largest Ukrainian block settlement . However, it is Dr Josef Oleskow , along with Cyril Genik , who are considered responsible for the large Ukrainian Canadian population through their promotion of Canada as a destination for immigrants from western (Austrian-ruled) Ukraine in the late 1890s. Ukrainians from Central Ukraine , which was ruled by the Russian monarchy , also came to Canada – but in smaller numbers than those from Galicia and Bukovina. Approximately 170,000 Ukrainians from
12740-657: The first time on 26 October 1931, the DH.82 Tiger Moth was derived from the DH.60 Moth . The DH 82 was powered by a 120-hp Gipsy II engine, but the 1939 DH.82a received the 145-hp Gipsy Major . More than 1,000 Tiger Moths were delivered before the Second World War , and subsequently 4,005 were built in the UK and shipped all over the world; 1,747 were built in Canada (the majority being the DH.82c model with enclosed cockpits, brakes, tail wheels, etc.). The follow-up DH.83 Fox Moth
12880-714: The flow decreased severely after 1930 due to the Great Depression . Relatively little farmland remained unclaimed – the majority in the Peace River region of northwestern Alberta – and less than half of this group settled as farmers in the Prairie provinces . The majority became workers in the growing industrial centres of southern Ontario , the Montreal region and the Eastern Townships of Quebec;
13020-641: The former internment camps in Banff National Park , Alberta , Spirit Lake (La Ferme) , Quebec , and Kapuskasing , Ontario . Most were placed by the Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA) and its supporters. On August 24, 2005, Prime Minister Paul Martin recognized the Ukrainian Canadian internment as a "dark chapter" in Canadian history , and pledged $ 2.5 million to fund memorials and educational exhibits although that funding
13160-582: The forward fuselage and crew compartment, assemble the aircraft, oversee installation of the ASW electronics, and prepare the aircraft for delivery. The first Canadian-built Tracker flew on 31 May 1956. A total of 99 Trackers was produced for RCN service starting in the same year. A few of these aircraft would serve with the Canadian military until the 1990s. A few ex-CF Trackers were sold to Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario) (and later resold to Conair) for forest firefighting duties. HMCS Bras d'Or (FHE 400)
13300-414: The freedom and rights afforded to its citizens. Many Ukrainian immigrants have made significant contributions to Canadian society in various fields, including business, academia, politics, and the arts. In the first half of the twentieth century, Ukrainian Canadians overwhelmingly earned their livings in primary industry – predominantly in agriculture , but also in mining , logging , construction , and
13440-486: The idea of English – French biculturalism , which they believed denied the contributions other peoples had made to Canada. Partly in response to this, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau shifted Canada to a policy of official multiculturalism; notably, the day after the Canadian Multiculturalism Policy of 1971 was officially announced, Trudeau gave a forceful speech in support of the policy at
13580-516: The idea of "Unified Ukraine". During his time in the unit, he was photographed training in Munich and Neuhammer (present day Świętoszów ). In 1944, Hunka was deployed into combat against Red Army forces on the Eastern Front of World War II . Dominique Arel, the chair of Ukrainian studies at the University of Ottawa , told CBC News that thousands of Ukrainian volunteers had been drawn to
13720-560: The introduction of the Series 400. Production was suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic ; in July 2022, the company announced that it was reviewing the programme and supply chain, with a decision on when to resume production expected "in the near future". The four-engined DHC-7, popularly known as the Dash 7, was designed as a STOL 50-seat regional airliner capable of operating from strips as short as 915 metres (3,000 ft) in length. It
13860-486: The invitation extended to Hunka, and formally withdrew his recognition by the House. On 26 September, Polish education minister Przemysław Czarnek stated in a Twitter post that he had taken steps towards the possible extradition of Hunka. In the post, Czarnek said: "In view of the scandalous events in the Canadian Parliament, which involved honoring a member of the criminal Nazi SS Galizien formation in
14000-998: The largest percentage of Ukrainians (single and multiple origins, 2006) are Manitoba #12 (25%), Alberta #10 (20%), Alberta #12 (19%), Manitoba #11 (15%), Manitoba #7 (13%), Manitoba #10 (12%), Manitoba #9 (12%), Manitoba #2 (10%). There are a number of smaller rural communities in Western Canada with significant proportions of Ukrainians (single and multiple origins, 2016), including: Canora, Saskatchewan (52.6%), Speers, Saskatchewan (50%), Andrew, Alberta (48%), Mundare, Alberta (46%), Bradwell, Saskatchewan (41%), Vilna, Alberta (40%), Smoky Lake, Alberta (39%), Hafford, Saskatchewan (39%). Having been separated from Ukraine, Ukrainian Canadians have developed their own distinctive Ukrainian culture in Canada. To showcase their unique hybrid culture, Ukrainian Canadians have created institutions that showcase Ukrainian Canadian culture such as Edmonton 's Cheremosh and Shumka troupes – among
14140-533: The late 19th century, the first Ukrainian immigrants arrived in the east coast of Canada. They were primarily farmers and labourers who were looking for a better life and economic opportunities. Most settled in the western provinces of Canada, particularly in Manitoba , Saskatchewan , and Alberta . These provinces offered fertile land and economic opportunities for farming, which was a familiar occupation for most Ukrainians. Ukrainian immigrants were able to establish
14280-404: The mass murder of innocent civilians with a level of brutality and malice that is unimaginable", referencing events such as the 1944 Huta Pieniacka massacre of Polish civilians. In a statement released on 24 September, Rota accepted responsibility for inviting Hunka to the ceremony, stating that he "particularly want[ed] to extend [his] deepest apologies to Jewish communities in Canada and around
14420-637: The mid- to late 1870s alongside block settlements of Mennonites and other Germans from the Russian Empire . " Galicians " are noted as being among the miners of the British Columbia gold rushes and figure prominently in some towns in that new province 's first census in 1871 (these may have been Poles and Belarusians as well as Ukrainians). Because there is so little definitive documentary evidence of individual Ukrainians among these three groups, they are not generally regarded as among
14560-679: The military, and some civil Caribou have been fitted with turboprop engines. Known originally as the Caribou II, the DHC-5 Buffalo was basically an enlarged DHC-4 with turboprop engines and a T-tail , developed to meet a US Army requirement for a STOL tactical airlifter with greater load-carrying ability than the DHC-4. The Buffalo made its maiden flight on 9 April 1964, but the US Army soon transferred heavy fixed-wing aircraft operations to
14700-544: The most popular programs for Ukrainian immigrants was the Federal Skilled Worker Program, which allowed skilled workers to immigrate to Canada based on their education, work experience, language proficiency, and other factors. Many Ukrainians also immigrated to Canada through family sponsorship, as they had family members already living in Canada. In addition to economic opportunities, Ukrainians were also attracted to Canada's multicultural society and
14840-482: The new DHC-515 firefighting aircraft. First production at the new site is planned to begin in 2025. Founded in 1928 as a subsidiary of de Havilland Aircraft (UK), de Havilland Canada was first located at De Lesseps Field in Toronto, before moving to Downsview Airport in 1929. The original home of De Havilland Canada was the Canadian Air and Space Museum located in what is now Downsview Park . Flown for
14980-510: The official English and French languages, many prairie public schools offer Ukrainian language education for children, including immersion programs. Generally second language students are taught the local Canadian Ukrainian dialect, rather than Standard Ukrainian. The Canadian Ukrainian dialect is based on the Ukrainian spoken by the first wave of immigrants from the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1891 to 1914. Because
15120-505: The open prairies further south. Furthermore, the semi-feudal nature of land ownership in the Austrian Empire meant that in the "Old Country" people had to pay the pan (landlord) for all their firewood and lumber for building. Upon arriving in Canada, the settlers often demanded wooded land from federal Dominion Lands Act registry officials so that they would be able to supply their own needs, even if this meant taking land that
15260-586: The ownership change, with the facility maintaining thousands of employees. In November 2018, Viking Air parent Longview Aviation Capital Corporation acquired the Bombardier Dash 8 programme and the de Havilland brand from Bombardier, in a deal that was expected to close by the second half of 2019. In January 2019, Longview announced that it would establish a new company in Ontario, to be called de Havilland Aircraft Co. of Canada , to continue production of
15400-552: The presence of President Zelenskyy, I have taken steps towards the possible extradition of this man to Poland. #NOForFalsifyingHistory!" Czarnek asked the Institute of National Remembrance to urgently research whether Hunka was wanted for "crimes against the Polish Nation and Poles of Jewish origin". On 20 October, Russia's Investigative Committee said in a statement that it had charged Hunka with "genocide of civilians on
15540-593: The prime contractor. Retired by the navy, the hydrofoil now is displayed at the Musée maritime du Québec in L'Islet-sur-Mer, Quebec . In the 1980s, the government of Canada privatized DHC and in 1986 sold the aircraft company to then Seattle-based Boeing. Boeing said it intended to make substantial investments for product development and modernization of the de Havilland plant. The Canadian government claimed to have guarantees from Boeing not to discontinue any product lines, but shortly thereafter, Boeing discontinued both
15680-722: The provinces of Podillia , Volhynia , Kyiv and Bessarabia in Russian-ruled Ukraine. In the early years of settlement, Ukrainian immigrants faced considerable amounts of discrimination at the hands of Northern European Canadians, an example of which was the internment . From 1914 to 1920, the political climate of the First World War allowed the Canadian Government to classify immigrants with Austro-Hungarian citizenship as "aliens of enemy nationality". This classification, authorized by
15820-542: The right to manufacture spares and distribute the de Havilland heritage aircraft product line. Despite the transfer of its light aircraft certificates to a new owner, de Havilland Canada left a legacy of innovative and unique aerospace designs and its products are still flying in considerable numbers worldwide, and it became a productive member of the Bombardier Aerospace stable. The Downsview plant still continued to turn out civilian propeller aircraft after
15960-577: The same room" as President Zelenskyy. On 26 September, Rota announced his resignation over the controversy. The day prior, government house leader Karina Gould had filed a motion to strike the recognition of Hunka from the official record . The motion ignited heated debate and failed to gain the necessary unanimous support. On 26 September, the House of Commons unanimously adopted a motion by Yves-François Blanchet to "utterly condemn Nazism in all its forms" and express "full solidarity with all victims of Nazism , past and present." The motion also condemned
16100-453: The successful Twin Otter and the Dash 7. The jigs and specialised equipment for their manufacture were destroyed. Boeing was in heavy competition with Airbus Industrie for a series of new airliners for Air Canada , at that time a Canadian crown corporation . Boeing used the DHC purchase to further strengthen its commitment to shared production contracts. The contract was particularly contentious. When Air Canada announced that Airbus had won
16240-530: The summer of 2021, DHC stopped production at its Downsview site and officially closed it in the summer of 2022 at the end of its lease. In September 2022, DHC announced its plans to construct a new manufacturing facility, De Havilland Field, in Wheatland County, Alberta . The new facility is intended to merge its two manufacturing facilities and produce the Twin Otter and Dash 8 planes, as well as
16380-660: The territory of the Ukrainian SSR during the Great Patriotic War ", stating that Hunka and other members of the division had killed "at least 500 citizens of the USSR" in Huta Pieniacka . The statement also said that investigators were considering issuing an international arrest warrant for Hunka. Ukrainian Canadians Ukrainian Canadians are Canadian citizens of Ukrainian descent or Ukrainian -born people who immigrated to Canada . In
16520-553: The third provincial premier of Ukrainian descent. He succeeded Ralph Klein (1992–2006), who had cabinets with many Ukrainian ministers. Stelmach himself is the grandson of Ukrainian immigrants and speaks fluent Ukrainian. He left office in October 2011. Chrystia Freeland , the Liberal Deputy Prime Minister of Canada , is of Ukrainian descent and speaks Ukrainian. Rona Ambrose ( née Chapchuk), who
16660-658: The total population, the most Ukrainian provinces and territories are Manitoba (15%), Saskatchewan (13%), Alberta (10%), Yukon (5%), British Columbia (5%), and Ontario (3%). The metropolitan regions with the largest Ukrainian populations (single and multiple origins, 2006) are: Edmonton, 144,620; Toronto, 122,510; Winnipeg, 110,335; Vancouver, 81,725; Calgary, 76,240; Saskatoon, 38,825; Hamilton, 27,080; Montreal, 26,150; Regina, 25,725; Ottawa- Gatineau , 21,520; St. Catharines - Niagara , 20,990; Thunder Bay , 17,620; Victoria , 15,020; Kelowna , 13,425; Oshawa , 12,555; London , 10,765; and Kitchener , 10,425. The Census Divisions with
16800-443: The university "recognizes and regrets the unintended harm caused." The president of the Ukrainian National Federation of Canada defended Hunka and stated that there was nothing wrong with the Canadian Parliament applauding a man "who fought for his country", although acknowledging in the circumstances "this may not have been correct". The Ukrainian Canadian Congress said in a statement that there were "difficult and painful pages in
16940-468: The wake of the controversy, Hunka's family were reported to have gone into hiding in their hometown of North Bay, and did not respond to interview requests. Hunka's daughter-in-law was quoted as saying her family was "shocked at what happened"; according to a family friend, they had not known in advance that Hunka would be publicly recognized by the House Speaker, and had only expected "he would be in
17080-478: The war began to immigrate to Canada. These immigrants were often refugees who had been forced to flee their homes and were looking for a safe haven. In the 1950s and 1960s, many Ukrainians who had been living in displaced persons camps in Europe were given the opportunity to immigrate to Canada. These immigrants were often highly skilled and educated, and they contributed to the growth and development of Canada's economy. Another wave of Ukrainian immigration occurred in
17220-402: The wider Canadian labour force. While they remain somewhat over-represented in agriculture today (7% versus 4% of all working Canadians) and underrepresented in elite managerial positions, Ukrainian Canadians have largely assimilated more into the broader economy, such that the Ukrainian Canadian workforce is now similar to that of Canada as a whole in nearly all other respects. In addition to
17360-507: The world" and accepting "full responsibility" for the incident. Ann-Clara Vaillancourt, a spokeswoman for Trudeau, called Rota's apology "the right thing to do" and emphasized Rota's responsibility for inviting Hunka to the ceremony. Prime Minister Trudeau said, "This is a mistake that deeply embarrassed parliament and Canada" and apologized to President Zelenskyy. Leader of the Opposition Pierre Poilievre called it
17500-601: The world's elite Ukrainian dancers ; or the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village – a living-history museum approximately 39 kilometres east of Edmonton where Ukrainian pioneer buildings are displayed along with extensive cultural exhibits. Ukrainian Canadians have also contributed to Canadian culture as a whole. Actress and comedian Luba Goy , singer Gloria Kaye , Jeopardy! host Alex Trebek , hockey executive Kyle Dubas , and painter William Kurelek , for example, are well known outside
17640-566: The world's third-largest Ukrainian population behind Ukraine itself and Russia . Self-identified Ukrainians are the plurality in several rural areas of Western Canada . According to the 2011 census, of the 1,251,170 who identified as Ukrainian, only 144,260 (or 11.5%) could speak the Ukrainian language (including the Canadian Ukrainian dialect). Minority opinions among historians of Ukrainians in Canada surround theories that
17780-779: Was Leader of the Opposition and interim Conservative party leader from 2015 to 2017, is of Ukrainian descent. Canada is home to some very vibrant Ukrainian dance groups. Some examples of Ukrainian dance ensembles in Canada are the Ukrainian Shumka Dancers and the Cheremosh Ukrainian Dance Company in Edmonton , the Rusalka Ukrainian Dance Ensemble and Rozmai Ukrainian Dance Company in Winnipeg ,
17920-497: Was a hydrofoil built from 1960 to 1967 for the Royal Canadian Navy. It served from 1968 to 1971 as a testing platform for antisubmarine warfare technology on an ocean-going hydrofoil. During sea trials in 1969, the vessel exceeded 63 knots (117 km/h; 72 mph), making her possibly the fastest warship in the world. The vessel was constructed at Marine Industries Limited of Sorel, Quebec, with de Havilland Canada
18060-467: Was awarded on 28 September 1984, and the first customer delivery was to NorOntair on 23 October 1984. When the Dash 8 was introduced, many older regional airliners were becoming obsolescent and expensive to operate but few modern aircraft were immediately available to replace them, leading to substantial Dash 8 sales; to date, over 1,000 have been delivered. The Dash 8 has been offered in several lengths and operating weights, but in 2008, Bombardier announced
18200-641: Was designed in England in 1932 as a light, economical transport and was built using as many Tiger Moth components as possible. The de Havilland Tiger Moth was a basic trainer of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan during the Second World War, whereby air crews from all over the British Commonwealth trained in Canada. DHC was the Canadian unit of the parent British de Havilland and during World War II
18340-626: Was introduced in response to interest by other military users. In the early 1980s, de Havilland Canada attempted to market the Buffalo for civil use as the "Transporter", but the demonstration aircraft crashed at the 1984 Farnborough Airshow and the project was abandoned. One of Canada's most successful commercial aircraft designs with more than 990 built, the Twin Otter remains popular for its rugged construction and STOL capabilities. Development dates back to January 1964, when DHC commenced work on
18480-685: Was large Ukrainian communities in Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. They established a number of new organizations and affiliated newspapers, women's and youth groups, the most prominent of which was the Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine (renamed the League of Ukrainian Canadians after the collapse of the USSR in 1991). The League joined the Ukrainian Canadian Committee (later Ukrainian Canadian Congress ) as
18620-536: Was less productive for crops. They also attached deep importance to settling near to family, people from nearby villages or other culturally similar groups, furthering the growth of the block settlements. Fraternal and benevolent organizations established by these settlers include the Ukrainian Labour Farmer Temple Association (ULFTA, affiliated with the Communist Party of Canada ), the Ukrainian Catholic Brotherhood (UCB, affiliated with
18760-458: Was made into a crown corporation of the government of Canada . Production of the Mosquito , nicknamed the "Mossie", was the company's greatest contribution to the war effort. It was one of the few front-line aircraft of the era constructed almost entirely of wood and was nicknamed the "Wooden Wonder". The Mosquito was designed to use speed instead of defensive armament to evade attack, and as
18900-467: Was meant to serve small city airports, where noise abatement requirements were particularly strict, and featured four slow-turning propellers to cut noise. To enhance its STOL performance, the Dash 7 employs many aerodynamic devices, such as double-slotted wing flaps that span about 75% of the trailing edge of the wing and four spoilers per wing; on landing, the flaps partially retract and the spoilers fully deploy to maximize braking. Financial backing from
19040-619: Was named an Honorary Citizen of the City of Berezhany in Ukraine by the Berezhany city council. In 2007, the Ukrainian Canadian Congress awarded Hunka and other former members of the SS Galizien the Medal of Merit. Hunka contributed to a blog by an association of SS Galizien veterans on the Internet in 2010 and 2011. In 2022, Hunka travelled to Greater Sudbury to protest against
19180-523: Was never provided. On May 9, 2008, following the 2005 passage of Inky Mark 's Bill C-331, the Government of Canada, under Prime Minister Stephen Harper , established a $ 10 million fund following several months of negotiation with the Ukrainian Canadian community's representatives, including the UCCLA, Ukrainian Canadian Congress and Ukrainian Canadian Foundation of Taras Shevchenko (also known as
19320-399: Was soon adopted by the US Air Force (USAF) and US Army as a liaison aircraft , remaining in service well into the 1970s, and was also used by the militaries of numerous other nations, including Britain, Chile, and Colombia. With almost 1,700 built in a production run lasting two decades, civil Beavers continue plying their trade in many countries around the world. A turboprop conversion,
19460-436: Was the 24th Governor General of Canada (1990–1995) and the first Governor General of Ukrainian descent. Ukrainians were also elected leaders of Canada's prairie provinces: Gary Filmon was Premier of Manitoba (1988–1999), nearly simultaneously with Hnatyshyn, and Roy Romanow was Premier of Saskatchewan (1991–2001), also partly at the same time as Filmon and Hnatyshyn. Ed Stelmach became Premier of Alberta in 2006 as
19600-413: Was the DHC-1 Chipmunk, designed as a primary trainer , a replacement for the venerable Tiger Moth. The Chipmunk was an all-metal, low-wing, tandem two-place, single-engined airplane with a conventional landing gear , powered by a de Havilland Gipsy Major engine. The Chipmunk prototype first flew on 22 May 1946 in Toronto. DHC built 217 in Canada, and it was also produced under licence by de Havilland in
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