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18-495: (Redirected from Yellow Mariposa Lily ) Yellow mariposa is the common name for a couple of species of California mariposa lilies including: Calochortus luteus Calochortus superbus [REDACTED] Index of plants with the same common name This page is an index of articles on plant species (or higher taxonomic groups) with the same common name ( vernacular name). If an internal link led you here, you may wish to edit

36-482: A bulb, generally in the spring or early summer. Flowers can be white, yellow, pink, purple, bluish, or streaked. The insides of the petals are often very 'hairy'. These hairs, along with the nectaries, are often used in distinguishing species from each other. The genus Calochortus includes approximately 70 species distributed from southwestern British Columbia , through California and Mexico , to northern Guatemala and eastwards to New Mexico , Nebraska and

54-750: A more detailed molecular phylogeny, comparing the seven recently determined sections to Ownbey's original three and finding that Ownbey's Eucalochortus section is monophyletic , Mariposa is paraphyletic , and Cyclobothra is polyphyletic . As a result of their research, Patterson and Givnish (2004) found that the two main factors of Calochortus speciation are: Within Calochortus , almost one-third of species are characterized by ultramafic (form serpentine soils ) habitat preferences or specific edaphic requirements, with several being endemic to their environments. Thus, scientists have used serpentine tolerance in understanding evolutionary relationships within

72-631: A result of survival in specific habitats. Regarding phylogenetic niche conservatism, Patterson and Givnish make the argument that this phenomenon is present in the plesiomorphic characteristics of rhizomes , inconspicuous flowers, berries, broad leaves, and reticulate venation . In 2004, Patterson and Givnish made the shift to lump Calochortus within Liliaceae within their paper per the recommendations of Bremer et al. (2003) and Bremer, Chase, and Stevens (1998). Using similar DNA collection techniques to Patterson (1999), Patterson and Givnish developed

90-425: A treatment dividing Calochortus into three sections (later corroborated by J.M. Beal ): In 1985, F.N. Rasmussen developed a new treatment splitting Calochortus from Liliaceae, moving it into a separate family—Calochortaceae—based on chromosomal evidence, septicidal fruit, and a Polygonum type embryo sac formation. Rasmussen found that the basic chromosome numbers of Calochortus vary between seven and twenty. In

108-513: Is a genus of flowering plants in the lily family. The group includes herbaceous , perennial and bulbous species, all native to North America (primarily the Western United States ). The genus Calochortus includes mariposas (or mariposa lilies ) with open wedge-shaped petals, globe lilies and fairy lanterns with globe-shaped flowers, and cat's ears and star tulips with erect pointed petals. The word Calochortus

126-420: Is derived from Greek and means "beautiful grass". Calochortus flowers have six tepals . Unlike most other Liliaceae , Calochortus tepals are in two series that differ in size and color. The outer three are generally narrower and more sepal -like, while the inner three are larger, usually with bright marks at the base, and are often described as petals . The flowers are borne on a stem that arises from

144-606: The Dakotas . Calochortus is the most widely dispersed genus of Liliaceae on the North American Pacific Coast. Of these, 28 species are endemic to California . In 1998, T.B. Patterson conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the genus, dividing it into seven main clades (see Subdivision update below). The study indicated highly localized speciation, so that different floral syndromes were strongly linked to specific habitats, as follows: Calochortus

162-657: The Electorate of Saxony , under the name Friedrich Traugott Pursh, he was educated at Dresden Botanical Gardens , and emigrated to the United States in 1799. From 1802 to 1805, he worked in Philadelphia as the botanical manager of the extensive gardens of William Hamilton, Esq., " The Woodlands ." By 1805, he was working for Benjamin Smith Barton on a new flora of North America , under whom he studied

180-967: The fall and boiled, and the flower buds when young and fresh. They were eaten by the Mormon settlers between 1853 and 1858 when famine threatened new immigrants in the Great Salt Lake Valley, due to crop failures. The bulbs are a starchy food source similar to a potato tuber. Native Americans called Calochortus "sego". They used it as food, in ceremonies and as a traditional medicinal plant . Some Calochortus species are cultivated as ornamental plants by specialty nurseries and botanic gardens to sell. The bulbs are planted for their flowers, in traditional, native plant , and wildlife gardens ; in rock gardens ; and in potted container gardens for those needing unwatered Summer dormancy. Frederick Traugott Pursh Born in Großenhain , in

198-741: The genus. For instance, Patterson and Givnish (2004) created a serpentine tolerance phylogeny . 18 serpentine tolerant species were found (classified by occurring in whole or in part on serpentine soils) and the largest presence of tolerance was found in the Bay Area and Pacific Northwest clades—areas with unusually high numbers of serpentine rocks at the Earth's surface. In addition, Patterson and Givnish (2004) found that 11 out of 18 species displayed only two origins of serpentine tolerance in evolutionary history. The bulbs of many species were eaten by Native Americans . These bulbs were eaten raw or gathered in

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216-548: The late 1990s and early 2000s, Thomas B. Patterson and Thomas J. Givnish gathered additional evidence to create a new Calochortus treatment, subdividing it into seven sections and providing reasoning behind Calochortus being separate from Liliaceae. In 1999, Patterson used cpDNA (specifically rbcL and ndhF sequences) isolated from frozen or silica dried leaf tissue to develop a molecular phylogeny , finding that Calochortus should be divided into seven major clades based on geographic location: Patterson also determined at

234-500: The linking article so that it links directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yellow_mariposa&oldid=1005289780 " Category : Set index articles on plant common names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata All set index articles Monitored short pages Calochortus Calochortus / ˌ k æ l ə ˈ k ɔːr t ə s , - l oʊ -/

252-517: The plants collected on the Lewis and Clark Expedition . His work with Barton allowed him to travel farther afield. In 1805, he traveled south from Maryland to the Carolinas and, in 1806, he traveled north from the mountains of Pennsylvania to New Hampshire . He made both trips principally on foot, with only his dog and a gun, covering over three thousand miles each season. Barton's proposed flora

270-419: The time that concerted convergence and phylogenetic niche conservatism may have confounded the idea that Calochortaceae ( Calochortus ) and Liliaceae are closely related. In 2002, Patterson and Givnish expanded on these arguments, showing that concerted convergence was demonstrated through independent evolution of characteristics such as bulbs and showy flowers and the distinct differences of these appearing as

288-608: Was destroyed by fire before it could be organized into suitable form for publication. His hopes of carrying out further major work were prevented by ill health due to alcoholism . He was so destitute when he died in Montreal that his funeral expenses had to be defrayed by his friends. His remains lay in the Papineau Road cemetery until 1857, when they were moved to the Mount Royal Cemetery . A proper monument

306-523: Was first proposed in 1814 by Frederick Pursh to accommodate a specimen— C. elegans —received from the Lewis and Clark expedition . In the 1800s, several species were added to the genus; however, much mistakes in naming conventions led to confusion and minimal knowledge gained by the end of the century. In 1940, Francis Marion Ownbey wrote a comprehensive monograph on Calochortus , referencing morphological evidence, geographical distribution, and his own study of cytological material. Ownbey proposed

324-476: Was never written, but Pursh, who then moved to London , England , did make a major contribution to North American botany in his Flora americae septentrionalis ; or A Systematic Arrangement and Description of The Plants of North America (variously dated as published in 1813 or 1814). He then returned to America, moving to Canada in 1816. He botanized a great deal in Quebec , but all the material he accumulated

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